Visual Regimes of Juche Ideology in North Korea’s The Country I Saw

2019 ◽  
pp. 588-608
Author(s):  
Travis Workman
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
The Media ◽  
Juche Ideology ◽  
Visual Regimes ◽  
Korean Film

This article discusses the North Korean film series The Country I Saw, focusing on transformations in the function of the Japanese colonial gaze in post–Cold War North Korean media. By comparing and contrasting the representation of fact-based empiricist journalism in Part One (1988) with the expression of a mediated sovereign exceptionality in the sequels (2009–2010), the essay shows how the series gives aesthetic form to North Korean juche ideology and spectacles of a realized communist utopia in the decolonized DPRK only through the repetition of generally modern visual regimes that are integrally tied to the history of Japanese colonialism and US neocolonialism. It asks us to rethink the history of communist visual cultures, particularly in formerly colonized countries, in relation to this kind of repetition and appropriation of colonial ways of seeing within the media of communist, postcolonial nation-states.

Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente L. Rafael
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
The Republic

The origins of the Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histories of three empires that swept onto its shores: the Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese. This history makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation-states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power relationships. Such shifts have included not just regime change but also social revolution. The modernity of the modern Philippines is precisely the effect of the contradictory dynamic of imperialism. The Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese colonial regimes, as well as their postcolonial heir, the Republic, have sought to establish power over social life, yet found themselves undermined and overcome by the new kinds of lives they had spawned. It is precisely this dialectical movement of empires that we find starkly illuminated in the history of the Philippines.

Obstacles and opportunities for women linguists in Scandinavia

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-278
Author(s):  
Tove Bull ◽  
Carol Henriksen ◽  
Toril Swan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Private Education ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Faroe Islands ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Languages

This chapter concerns the role played by women in the history of linguistics in the Nordic countries: Denmark, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Our main focus is on the period from the mid-sixteenth to the mid-twentieth century, a period that began with the gradual emergence of the nation states of the North and the need for the codification of common national languages. Gradually, education became more widespread, and although the first schools were for boys, private education was given in upper-class homes and was thus also accessible for girls. The first grammarians were all men, so early on it is mostly behind the scenes that we find women involved in the study of language. Once women were allowed to participate in higher education, some of them made significant contributions to linguistics. In order to understand the role played by women, it is clearly necessary to view their contributions in the context of the age and society in which they lived.

scholarly journals Jugun Ianfu: The Construction of Students’ Awareness on Gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Hany Nurpratiwi ◽  
Hermanu Joebagio ◽  
Nunuk Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Comfort Women ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
History Learning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Human Rights Violation ◽  
Educational Field

In 1993, the Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic Indonesia, Inten Suweno, issued a mandate to find the victims of Japanese colonialism. One of the Japanese colonialism victims was women who became Jugun Ianfu (comfort women). The practice of Jugun Ianfu in Indonesia was undercover, but it legalized by the Japanese colonial government with a reason to meet the sexual needs of Japanese army in their colonies. In Japanese colonialism era, women considered as the second line and their body was free to use for meeting the sexual desire. Even, many of Jugun Ianfu had physical injuries due to the cruelty of the Japanese army when having a sexual intercourse. The Jugun Ianfu should observe as a study on gender, especially in the educational field where the reproduction of knowledge happens. The lack of awareness in the students on the issue of gender equality brings about the reasons on the implementation of history learning using the sources of Jugun Ianfu. The students’ gender awareness built when they analyze the sources of Jugun Ianfu and write an essay in a gender perspective. The discourses constructed by the students on the history of Jugun Ianfu are different. There are considerations that the history of Jugun Ianfu is categorizes as a sexual violence, gender injustice and human rights violation.

Racializing Chōsenjin: Science and Biological Speculations in Colonial Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-510
Author(s):  
Jaehwan Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Colonial Korea ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Ethnic Homogeneity

Abstract Recent literature on the history of medicine in colonial Korea has revealed that Japanese medical scientists studied Korean bodies to expose racial differences between the Japanese and Koreans and justify Japanese colonial rule. Previous scholars, however, have focused mainly on finding a connection between colonial medical research and eugenics. This article attempts to consider things as yet underinvestigated, in particular, the way in which medical research on Koreans emerged and was intertwined with Japanese colonialism in other ways, separate from contemporary eugenics projects. The article examines the emergence and development of what we now considered as “racial sciences”—physical anthropology, serological anthropology, and human genetics—with regard to the biological characteristics of Koreans. In doing so, it argues that biological speculations on Koreans originated as a subdiscipline of Japanese origin studies and resonated with a newly emerging type of colonial racism in colonial Korea—inclusionary racism. The article also presents the colonial scientific enterprise’s conclusion that Koreans were biologically heterogeneous, contradicting colonial Korean intellectuals’ assertion about Korean ethnic homogeneity. The use of Korean ethnic homogeneity as an ideological basis for nation building by two Korean governments meant that postcolonial Korean scientists had to seek a way to reconcile the colonial era’s “scientific conclusion” (biological heterogeneity) with the postcolonial era’s “politically approved” conceptualization (biological homogeneity). Therefore, regardless of whether it was trying to refute, appropriate, or revitalize the colonial legacy, biological research on Koreans in the postcolonial period was carried out under the framework that had been constructed by colonial racial sciences.

COLOURING OUTSIDE THE LINES: METHODS FOR A GLOBAL HISTORY OF EASTERN EURASIA 600–1350

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 27-63
Author(s):  
Naomi Standen
Keyword(s):  
Nation State ◽  
Global History ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Liao Dynasty ◽  
Neoliberal Economics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Working Out

ABSTRACTWe are still working out how to do global history, especially for pre-modern periods. How do we achieve the necessary shift in scale without falling back on standard definitions of categories like states, ethnicity, religion, urbanisation, when these are increasingly challenged at the specialist level? This article sets out an approach that could help pre-modern historians ‘going global’ to challenge claims that ‘there is no alternative’ to modern frameworks such as neoliberal economics, and especially the nation-state. Useful alternative techniques include thinking in layers rather than blocks, not seeking narrative arcs, and not using words like ‘China’. These methods are illustrated with analysis of three Liao dynasty (907–1125) cities and three comparators from neighbouring states to the north, south and east of the Liao. The intention is to disrupt the re-emergence in the new venue of global history of essentially national narratives, using the opportunities presented by pre-modern worlds before nation-states to free us from teleological concepts. This article argues that there is indeed an alternative to the putative precursors of modern nation-states, and offers a framework for doing without them.

Civil War and Nation Building in North America, 1848–1867

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-79
Author(s):  
Pablo Mijangos y González
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
North American ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liberal Capitalism ◽  
Reciprocal Influences ◽  
Constitutional Revolution

In this essay, the author “outlines a regional and comparative history of the emergence of North American nation-states during the mid-nineteenth century, attempting to highlight common challenges and solutions—and reciprocal influences—between the region’s distinct countries.” It analyzes the “successive ‘constitutional pacts’ that governed the difficult adaptation of the North American peoples to the demands of liberal capitalism and representative government.” Mijangos observes that the US and Mexico experienced “constitutional revolution,” while Canadians, who experienced neither civil war nor a revolution of independence, arrived at a similar place in the 1860s by a distinctive, more gradual process.

Remaking North American Sovereignty

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of

This book explores the tumultuous history of North American state-making in the middle decades of the nineteenth century from a continental perspective. Today’s political map took its basic shape in the continental crisis of the 1860s, marked by Canadian Confederation (1867), the end of the U.S. Civil War (1865), the restoration of the Mexican Republic (1867), and numerous wars and treaty regimes conducted between these states and indigenous peoples through the 1870s. This crisis transformed the continent from a patchwork of foreign empires, republics, indigenous polities, and contested no-mans-lands into the nation states of Mexico and the United States and the Dominion of Canada, an expanding, largely self-governing polity within the British Empire. Key to this process was the question of sovereignty, or the power to rule. Battles over sovereignty ran through the struggles waged not only by the nation states that came to dominate the North America, but also those that failed, like the Confederate States of America, and others—like the European empires and indigenous peoples—that came into conflict with the three main states. In light of the global turn in 19th-century historiography, this book examines these political crises as an inter-related struggle to redefine the relationship of North Americans to new governments. This volume brings together distinguished experts on the history of Canada, indigenous Americans, Mexico, and the United States to re-evaluate an era of political transformation that has had profound consequences for the future of the continent.

scholarly journals Konfl ik Internasional Abad ke-21? Benturan Antarnegara Demokrasi dan Masa Depan Politik Dunia

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rosyidin
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Emerging Democracies ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Francis Fukuyama ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dominant Narratives ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
Emerging Powers

‘The clash of civilizations’ of Samuel Huntington and ‘the end of history’ of Francis Fukuyama are two grandtheories that have been widely accepted as the most dominant narratives in post- Cold War internationalrelations. Unfortunately, there have been litt le theoretical developments in today’s world to predict thefuture of international confl ict. The theory assumed that the future international confl ict will not occurbetween democracies and non-democracies as Democratic Peace Theory proposed, but between establisheddemocracies and emerging democracies. The established democracies reluctant to share their power with theemerging democracies on how to manage global order. This reluctancy will lead to political frictions andconfl icts among them. In spite of its theoretical breakthrough, this theory suff ers of logical inconsistencysince it does not distinguish between emerging democracies and emerging powers. Instead of confl ictamong democracies, this article argues that international confl icts in the 21st century will be dominatedby asimetrical confl ict between nation-states and radical movements, confl icts due to information openess,and confl ict over natural resources.

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

Sequencing Analysis and Phylogenetic Tree of HPV Isolated from Breast Cancer Patients at Thi-Qar Province/Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
The North ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
History Of

Genetic variety examination has demonstrated fundamental to the understanding of the epidemiological and developmental history of Papillomavirus (HPV), for the development of accurate diagnostic tests and for efficient vaccine design. The HPV nucleotide diversity has been investigated widely among high-risk HPV types. To make the nucleotide sequence of HPV and do the virus database in Thi-Qar province, and compare sequences of our isolates with previously described isolates from around the world and then draw its phylogenetic tree, this study done. A total of 6 breast formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) of the female patients were included in the study, divided as 4 FFPE malignant tumor and 2 FFPE of benign tumor. The PCR technique was implemented to detect the presence of HPV in breast tissue, and the real-time PCR used to determinant HPV genotypes, then determined a complete nucleotide sequence of HPV of L1 capsid gene, and draw its phylogenetic tree. The nucleotide sequencing finding detects a number of substitution mutation (SNPs) in (L1) gene, which have not been designated before, were identified once in this study population, and revealed that the HPV16 strains have the evolutionary relationship with the South African race, while, the HPV33 and HPV6 showing the evolutionary association with the North American and East Asian race, respectively.

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