scholarly journals Jugun Ianfu: The Construction of Students’ Awareness on Gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Hany Nurpratiwi ◽  
Hermanu Joebagio ◽  
Nunuk Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Comfort Women ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
History Learning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Human Rights Violation ◽  
Educational Field

In 1993, the Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic Indonesia, Inten Suweno, issued a mandate to find the victims of Japanese colonialism. One of the Japanese colonialism victims was women who became Jugun Ianfu (comfort women). The practice of Jugun Ianfu in Indonesia was undercover, but it legalized by the Japanese colonial government with a reason to meet the sexual needs of Japanese army in their colonies. In Japanese colonialism era, women considered as the second line and their body was free to use for meeting the sexual desire. Even, many of Jugun Ianfu had physical injuries due to the cruelty of the Japanese army when having a sexual intercourse. The Jugun Ianfu should observe as a study on gender, especially in the educational field where the reproduction of knowledge happens. The lack of awareness in the students on the issue of gender equality brings about the reasons on the implementation of history learning using the sources of Jugun Ianfu. The students’ gender awareness built when they analyze the sources of Jugun Ianfu and write an essay in a gender perspective. The discourses constructed by the students on the history of Jugun Ianfu are different. There are considerations that the history of Jugun Ianfu is categorizes as a sexual violence, gender injustice and human rights violation.

Enacting the “Incomprehensible China”: Modern European Jurisprudence and the Japanese Reconstruction of Qing Political Law

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 955-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng‐Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Law ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Japanese Enterprise ◽  
Cultural Subjectivity ◽  
Colonial Government

The great ambition of Japanese colonialism, from the time of its debut at the end of the nineteenth century, was the reformulation of Chinese law and politics. One of the most extraordinary examples of this ambition is The Administrative Law of the Qing Empire [Shinkoku Gyōseihō], a monumental enterprise undertaken by the Japanese colonial government in Taiwan intended not only to facilitate Japanese colonial administration of Taiwan but also to reorder the entire politico‐juridical order of China along the lines of modern rational law. This article examines the legal analysis embraced in The Administrative Law of the Qing Empire and recounts its attempt to reconstruct the Qing's “political law” (seihō) by a strange, ambiguous, and hybrid resort to “authenticity.” The strangeness of this Japanese colonial production comes from Japan's dual position as both colonizer of Taiwan and simultaneously itself colonized by “modern European jurisprudence”(kinsei hōri). In uncovering the effects of modern European jurisprudence on the Japanese enterprise, we will discover Japan's pursuit of its own cultural subjectivity embedded in The Administrative Law of the Qing Empire, epitomizing the campaign of national identities observable in the process of East Asian legal modernization.

scholarly journals HISTORI PEMBERLAKUAN PERADILAN AGAMA ERA KERAJAAN ISLAM DAN PENJAJAHAN DI INDONESIA

Al-Qadha ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Faisal
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
Religious Courts

The journey of the Religious Courts that has been passed in such a long period oftime means that we are talking about the past, namely the history of the Religious Courts.With the entry of Islam into Indonesia, which for the first time in the first century Hijri (1 H /7 AD) brought directly from Arabia by merchants from Mecca and Medina, the communitybegan to implement the teachings and rules of Islamic religion in everyday life. The ReligiousCourt is one of the Special Courts under the authority of the Supreme Court as the highestcourt in the Republic of Indonesia. As an Islamic Judiciary that had been established longbefore Indonesia's independence, the Religious Courts certainly could not be separated fromthe changes that occurred considering the reign of the Government of Indonesia had been heldby various people with different backgrounds, politics and goals, surely it would have animpact on the existence Religious Courts both materially and immaterially, including duringthe Dutch and Japanese colonial rule in Indonesia.

Visual Regimes of Juche Ideology in North Korea’s The Country I Saw

2019 ◽  
pp. 588-608
Author(s):  
Travis Workman
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
The Media ◽  
Juche Ideology ◽  
Visual Regimes ◽  
Korean Film

This article discusses the North Korean film series The Country I Saw, focusing on transformations in the function of the Japanese colonial gaze in post–Cold War North Korean media. By comparing and contrasting the representation of fact-based empiricist journalism in Part One (1988) with the expression of a mediated sovereign exceptionality in the sequels (2009–2010), the essay shows how the series gives aesthetic form to North Korean juche ideology and spectacles of a realized communist utopia in the decolonized DPRK only through the repetition of generally modern visual regimes that are integrally tied to the history of Japanese colonialism and US neocolonialism. It asks us to rethink the history of communist visual cultures, particularly in formerly colonized countries, in relation to this kind of repetition and appropriation of colonial ways of seeing within the media of communist, postcolonial nation-states.

Racializing Chōsenjin: Science and Biological Speculations in Colonial Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-510
Author(s):  
Jaehwan Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Colonial Korea ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Ethnic Homogeneity

Abstract Recent literature on the history of medicine in colonial Korea has revealed that Japanese medical scientists studied Korean bodies to expose racial differences between the Japanese and Koreans and justify Japanese colonial rule. Previous scholars, however, have focused mainly on finding a connection between colonial medical research and eugenics. This article attempts to consider things as yet underinvestigated, in particular, the way in which medical research on Koreans emerged and was intertwined with Japanese colonialism in other ways, separate from contemporary eugenics projects. The article examines the emergence and development of what we now considered as “racial sciences”—physical anthropology, serological anthropology, and human genetics—with regard to the biological characteristics of Koreans. In doing so, it argues that biological speculations on Koreans originated as a subdiscipline of Japanese origin studies and resonated with a newly emerging type of colonial racism in colonial Korea—inclusionary racism. The article also presents the colonial scientific enterprise’s conclusion that Koreans were biologically heterogeneous, contradicting colonial Korean intellectuals’ assertion about Korean ethnic homogeneity. The use of Korean ethnic homogeneity as an ideological basis for nation building by two Korean governments meant that postcolonial Korean scientists had to seek a way to reconcile the colonial era’s “scientific conclusion” (biological heterogeneity) with the postcolonial era’s “politically approved” conceptualization (biological homogeneity). Therefore, regardless of whether it was trying to refute, appropriate, or revitalize the colonial legacy, biological research on Koreans in the postcolonial period was carried out under the framework that had been constructed by colonial racial sciences.

scholarly journals An Image of Korean Women during the Japanese Occupation of the Peninsula, as It Emerges from Literary Masterpieces

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Elena Buja
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Comfort Women ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial

Abstract This paper1 aims to offer a picture of the darkest period in the history of the Korean women, namely that of the Japanese colonial rule (1910–1945). The only advantage Korean women enjoyed as a result of their country’s annexation to Japan was access to institutional education, even if this was done in Japanese and from Japanese course books. But this came with a price: many of the Korean teenaged females were turned into comfort women (sex-slaves) for the Japanese soldiers before and during the Pacific War. Not only did these girls lose their youth, but they also lost their national and personal identity, as they were forced to change their Korean names into Japanese ones and to speak Japanese. To build the image of the fate of the Korean women during this bleak period, the research method I have used is a simplified version of content analysis, “an analysis of the content of communication” (Baker 1994, 267). I have explored the content of fragments from a couple of novels authored by Korean or American-Korean authors, which cover the historical events in the peninsula leading to the end of WWII (Keller’s Comfort Woman (2019) and Bracht’s White Chrysanthemum (2018), to mention just a few) and which are focused on the topic of comfort women,2 i.e. young women that were sexually exploited by the Japanese military. The results of the analysis indicate that many of the surviving victims became “unpersons” and led a life of solitude and misery until their death.

scholarly journals Pergulatan Perempuan dalam Revolusi Fisik di Bali

HUMANIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Sukiada ◽  
Anak Agung Ayu Girindra Wardani ◽  
Ni Wayan Sri Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Health Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Soup Kitchen ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Girls School ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Dutch Colonial

This study discusses the role of women in the Physical Revolution in Bali. The appearance of a woman in the history of politics in Bali as a leader has been seen since ancient Balinese times. However, the rise of women seems to have only been seen when the government established the Shanti Girls School. Armed with knowledge and experience in the field of organization, Balinese women are aware of the importance and meaning of independence for a nation. When the Dutch colonial government and NICA troops returned to occupy Bali in March 1946, women played a very important role in defending the independence of the Republic of Indonesia. Women played various roles, such as in the logistics sector as a member of the soup kitchen in charge of providing various types of food to the fighters; in the health sector by helping fighters who were injured and also supplying various types of medicine to the fighters; as a liaison in charge of conveying information on the state of the fighters and the state of the enemy to the leader of the fighters.

scholarly journals SEEDLING NATION’S CHARACTER THROUGH LEARNING HISTORY: LEARNING FROM EXILE CAMP OF BOVEN DIGOEL, PAPUA

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Process ◽  
Learning History ◽  
Ethnic Language ◽  
History Learning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Camp Life ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The Ideal

This article explains about the history of Boven Digoel Camp in its correlation with the formation of nation’s character. From 1927 to 1930s, colonial government had been exiling politic internees there. The aims is to control their thought and attitudes towards the government. During the exile, there were two diverse characters found, as the result, there were two groups of internees found, there who change their attitudes toward the governement and those who were consistent with their political attitudes.The change was very pragmatic; it was done in order to survive in the camps and with expectation to return to their hometowns safety. However, camp life had formed solidarity and diversity spirit among the internees who came from diverse region, ethnic, language and religion. Personal, ethnical, and political view point were gradually squeezed at one place. The ideal to be a nation was increasingly strengthened particularly when they were confronted to the discriminative policies of colonial administration. These various experiences were worthy lessons for us to reflect the transformation process of our nation, Indonesia which had scarcely and expensively paid by the internees which can serve as a source of curriculum content of historical education.

Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente L. Rafael
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
The Republic

The origins of the Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histories of three empires that swept onto its shores: the Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese. This history makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation-states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power relationships. Such shifts have included not just regime change but also social revolution. The modernity of the modern Philippines is precisely the effect of the contradictory dynamic of imperialism. The Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese colonial regimes, as well as their postcolonial heir, the Republic, have sought to establish power over social life, yet found themselves undermined and overcome by the new kinds of lives they had spawned. It is precisely this dialectical movement of empires that we find starkly illuminated in the history of the Philippines.

Promoting Mass Movements- A New Perspective On Japanese Wartime Imperialism In Korea

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Shinyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Extended Family ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Japanese Imperialism ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Economic Bloc ◽  
Colonial Government

This article aims to explore the Japanese colonial government’s efforts to promote mass movements in Korea which rose suddenly and showed remarkable growth throughout the 1930s. It focuses on two Governor-Generals and the directors of the Education Bureau who created the Social Indoctrination movements under Governor-General Ugaki Kazushige in the early 1930s and the National Spiritual Mobilization Movement of Governor-General Minami Jirō in the late 1930s. The analysis covers their respective political motivations, ideological orientation, and organizational structure. It demonstrates that Ugaki, under the drive to integrate Korea with an economic bloc centered on Japan, adapted the traditional local practices of the colonized based on the claim of “Particularities of Korea,” whereas the second Sino-Japanese War led Minami to emphasize assimilation, utilizing the ideology of the extended-family to give colonial power more direct access to individuals as well as obscuring the unequal nature of the colonial relationship. It argues that the colonial government-led campaigns constituted a core ruling mechanism of Japanese imperialism in the 1930s.

The Legal Status of Local Government in South Africa under the New Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.

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