Who are Internet Intermediaries?

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-56
Author(s):  
Graeme Dinwoodie
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Typological Approach

This chapter considers several different ways in which we can better understand the category of online intermediaries. It does so by acknowledging important scholarly efforts to produce a detailed taxonomy of online intermediaries. An analysis of positive law in a number of countries reveals some lessons about the meaning of the term, as well as alternative legal categories of online actors that might be seen as subsets of, or overlapping with, ‘online intermediaries’. This chapter also pursues a more typological approach to the classification question, while expounding on the important role that Riordan’s functional taxonomy (or those of others) might play. Clearly, law must have regard to empirical reality of how actors behave in constructing categories. But those legal categories are often driven by other considerations, as will be our policy debates. By adopting a somewhat more conceptual approach, this chapter hopes to develop understandings that will allow debate about the liability of online intermediaries across borders and across time, given that the technological features and social role of online intermediaries are constantly evolving.

scholarly journals Determinants of Legal Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Scorobogatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. This article is devoted to the research of essence and the legal behaviour of the person. The purpose of article is the identification of the factors influencing formation, development and content of legal behaviour. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article is based methodologically on the post-classical anthropological paradigm which allows consideration of legal behaviour through a prism of subjective perception by the person. The studying of fundamental bases of legal behaviour is impossible without identification of their valuable basis. Results. It is proved that the commission by the person of certain actions in the legal sphere depends on the individual and the social system of legal values, the individual and society (social group) relation to them, legal status of the personality and the social role which is carried out by it. The classification of legal behaviour on the basis of an axiological approach assumes an allocation of the person which is active, ordinary and passive depending on degree of readiness to carry out the legal actions, being guided by the valuable orientations and installations determined by legal socialisation and the system of legal values of group with which the subject identifies themselves. At the same time, it is insignificant how these actions meet the standards of positive law. However, the legal behaviour often has situational character. In this case its contents are defined by the system of so-called individual person law. The behaviour of the person is the result of operation of the special mechanism consisting of consistently realised elements that connected among themselves not only cognitively but also functionally including legal requirement, legal interest, legal motive, legal orientation, legal installation, legal decision, and legal act. These elements consistently replace each other, providing an interrelation of legal behaviour with legal awareness. The role of the state in formation of the person’s legal behaviour, though is very considerable, but it is not defining. In the process of legal socialisation the cognitive elements of the mechanism of legal behavior determined by legal tradition in combination with social and individual legal experience are formed. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of legal behaviour is aimed at expanding the value ideas of legal reality. This will allow a deeper look at legal development on a global scale.

Politik Hukum Pengaturan Organisasi Sayap Partai Politik dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Putra Perdana Ahmad Saifulloh
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Research Method ◽  
The Political ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The People ◽  
The Law

This article aims to answers the problem of organizing the Political Parties Wings in Positive Law. This research used a normative juridical research method, with a statutory, historical, and conceptual approach. The result of this research shows that Legal Politics of the Wing of Political Parties in the Law on Political Parties in Indonesia is to strengthen political parties in carrying out broader articulation and aggregation of interests. As well as imparting significant role of political parties in carrying out their functions to connect with the people directly, especially in bridging and fighting for the people interests.

scholarly journals Legal Aspects of Financial Technology in the Perspective of Improving Public Welfare

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Musa Darwin Pane
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The Government ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
Financial Technology

This writing aims to find out the legal aspects, especially regarding criminal policies in minimizing the occurrence of criminal acts in financial technology in Indonesia in the perspective of improving people's welfare and to find out the role of law enforcement in preventing financial technology criminal acts in Indonesia in the perspective of improving people's welfare. This paper uses normative legal research methods because the focus of the study departs from norms, regulations, legal theories and therefore has the task of systematizing positive law, using the approach: statute approach, conceptual approach, and analytical approach. The technique of tracing legal materials uses document study techniques and analysis of studies using qualitative analysis. Based on the results of the study that the need for reconstruction and/or reformulation of regulations which are the basis of the implementation of financial technology in Indonesia because they are considered not to regulate completely and in these conditions, the role of law enforcement in preventing and overcoming criminal acts has a strategic position because it is part of a task in carrying out the protection and protection of the community in realizing public welfare. Based on this the authors argue that in addition to internal reform in reconstruction and/or reformulation, external improvement is also needed through ratification from various countries and governments should be related to the implementation of financial technology in one door under the government so that supervision will be better and the government to innovate financial technology as an alternative in realizing public welfare.

scholarly journals Peran Notaris Dalam Menentukan Jangka Waktu Sewa-Menyewa Tanah Terhadap Warga Negara Asing

Acta Comitas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
AA Ratih Saraswati ◽  
Pande Yogantara S.
Keyword(s):  
Journal Article ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Land Leasing

Abstract The purpose of writing this article is to examine the arrangement of the lease term based on positive law in Indonesia and the role of the Notary in determining the term of land lease is related to the case in the Decision Number 94/Pdt/2017/PT.DPS regarding the lease deed drawn up by a Notary and in it contains a determination of a period that is not in accordance with the principle of propriety where the the land lease lasts for 100 years. This journal article is a type of normative legal research with a law approach, a conceptual approach and a case approach. The output of this study shows that the regulation of tenure for leasing land based on positive law in Indonesia has not render legal certitude because there are still vague norms. The role of the Notary in determining the period of land leasing in relation to the case in the Decision Number 94/Pdt/2017/PT.DPS Notary do not implement their authority to provide legal counseling and do not carry out their obligations to act honestly and conscientious. Abstrak Tujuan penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaturan jangka waktu sewa-menyewa tanah berdasarkan hukum positif di Indonesia dan peran Notaris dalam penentuan jangka waktu sewa-menyewa tanah dikaitkan dengan kasus pada Putusan Nomor: 94/Pdt/2017/PT.DPS mengenai akta sewa-menyewa yang dibuat oleh Notaris dan didalamnya termuat penentuan jangka waktu yang tidak sesuai dengan asas kepatutan dimana sewa-menyewa tanah tersebut berlangsung selama 100 Tahun. Artikel jurnal ini termasuk jenis penelitian hukum normative dengan pendekatan UU, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan jangka waktu sewa-menyewa tanah berdasarkan hukum positif di Indonesia belum memberikan kepastian hukum karena masih terdapat norma kabur dalam pengaturannya. Peran Notaris dalam menentukan jangka waktu sewa-menyewa tanah dalam kaitannya dengan kasus pada Putusan Nomor: 94/Pdt/2017/PT.DPS yakni Notaris tidak menjalankan kewenangannya untuk melakukan penyuluhan hukum dan tidak menjalankan kewajibannya untuk bertindak jujur dan saksama.  

scholarly journals ROHINGA STATELESS PERSONS: ROLE OF UNHCR IN REFUGEE PROTECTION AND LACK OF ADEQUATE LEGAL PROTECTION IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Sutiarnoto Sutiarnoto ◽  
Jelly Leviza ◽  
Saiful Azam
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Asylum Seekers And Refugees

<table width="583" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="371"><p><em>This article aimed to study about h</em><em>ow</em><em> </em><em>role of UNHCR in refugee protection</em><em> and </em><em> the legal protection for Rohingya refugees in Medan municipality</em><em>. </em><em>According to data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (hereinafter abbreviated to UNHCR) </em><em>since</em><em> January 2012, there were 3275 asylum seekers and 1052 refugees</em><em>. </em><em>Most refugees come to Indonesia with the hope of being permanently resettled elsewhere, often in America or Australia, but increasingly stringent immigration policies, massive underfunding and a lack of resources to sustain the influx of newcomers have left them stuck here.</em><em> </em><em>This research uses a sosio-legal research with statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. </em><em>There are several provisions regarding refugees, but none have specifically discussed the handling of refugees in Indonesia. The positive law of immigration in Indonesia does not contain any special provisions (lex specialis) for asylum seekers and refugees. Because Indonesia has not ratified the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol, the Indonesian government does not have the authority to deal with refugee problems. The authority to handle refugees is given to international organizations such as UNHCR which is a UN organization, IOM, ICRC and various other organizations or NGOs engaged in the humanitarian sector. However, the handling of this international organization has not been implemented optimally due to obstacles</em><em></em></p></td></tr></tbody></table>

Reaktualisasi Proses Penyidikan oleh Kepolisian Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Pancasila dan Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Teknologi

Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Ira Alia Maerani
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Times

Abstract                Indonesian Criminal Justice System consists of the police, public prosecutor and the courts. The role of the police investigators is certainly vital as the frontline in building public confidence in the rule of law in Indonesia. The role of the investigator is quite important in realizing society’s  justice. The era of globalization requires a pattern fast-paced, instant, measurable, and transparent of life and it requires investigators to follow the times by optimizing the use of technology. The aim of this study is to give effect to the rule of law in Indonesia that provides fairness, expediency and certainty. However, it considers to have priority of Pancasila values in the process of inquiry and investigation. The values of supreme divinity, God (religious), humanity, unity, democracy and justice are values that establish a balance (harmony) in enforcing the law. Law and its implementation can create product which meets the demands for social justice. This paper will examine the role of the investigator according to positive law currently in force as well as the role of investigator in implementing the values of Pancasila, accompanied by optimizing the use of technology. Keywords: Re-actualizing, Investigation, Police, values of Pancasila, Technology   AbstrakSistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia meliputi institusi kepolisian, kejaksaan, dan pengadilan. Peran penyidik dalam institusi kepolisian tentunya amat vital sebagai garda terdepan dalam membangun kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap penegakan hukum di Indonesia. Peran penyidik amat besar dalam terwujudnya keadilan di masyarakat. Era globalisasi yang menuntut pola kehidupan yang serba cepat, instan, terukur, dan transparan menuntut penyidik untuk mengikuti perkembangan zaman dengan mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan teknologi. Tujuannya adalah untuk memberikan arti bagi penegakan hukum di Indonesia yakni memberikan keadilan, kemanfaatan, dan kepastian. Namun yang harus diperhatikan adalah mengutamakan nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam melakukan proses penyelidikan dan penyidikan. Nilai-nilai ketuhanan yang maha esa (religius), kemanusiaan, persatuan, kerakyatan dan keadilan merupakan nilai-nilai yang membangun keseimbangan (harmoni) dalam menegakkan hukum. Sehingga produk hukum dan pelaksanaannya memenuhi rasa keadilan masyarakat. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji tentang peran penyidik menurut hukum positif yang saat ini berlaku serta peran penyidik dalam mengimplementasikan  nilai-nilai Pancasila dengan diiringi optimalisasi pemanfaatan teknologi.Kata Kunci: Reaktualisasi,Penyidikan,Kepolisian,Nilai-nilai Pancasila,Teknologi

Synergetic Theory of Document in Evolution of Document Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 1060-1068
Author(s):  
Galina A. Dvoenosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Synergetic Theory ◽  
First Time

The article assesses synergetic theory of document as a new development in document science. In information society the social role of document grows, as information involves all members of society in the process of documentation. The transformation of document under the influence of modern information technologies increases its interest to representatives of different sciences. Interdisciplinary nature of document as an object of research leads to an ambiguous interpretation of its nature and social role. The article expresses and contends the author's views on this issue. In her opinion, social role of document is incidental to its being a main social tool regulating the life of civilized society. Thus, the study aims to create a scientific theory of document, explaining its nature and social role as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. Substantiation of this idea is based on application of synergetics (i.e., universal theory of self-organization) to scientific study of document. In the synergetic paradigm, social and historical development is seen as the change of phases of chaos and order, and document is considered a main tool that regulates social relations. Unlike other theories of document, synergetic theory studies document not as a carrier and means of information transfer, but as a unique social phenomenon and universal social tool. For the first time, the study of document steps out of traditional frameworks of office, archive, and library. The document is placed on the scales with society as a global social system with its functional subsystems of politics, economy, culture, and personality. For the first time, the methods of social sciences and modern sociological theories are applied to scientific study of document. This methodology provided a basis for theoretical vindication of nature and social role of document as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. The study frames a synergetic theory of document with methodological foundations and basic concepts, synergetic model of document, laws of development and effectiveness of document in the social continuum. At the present stage of development of science, it can be considered the highest form of theoretical knowledge of document and its scientific explanatory theory.

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