Twentieth‐Century China

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uradyn E. Bulag
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
Acculturation Process ◽  
Political Concept

This article invokes a Chinese political concept of ‘sinicization’, aiming to capture the nature of ethnic relations in China historically, and the political fate of ethnic groups in contemporary China. Sinicization has powerful genealogical and governmental dimensions; it is not primarily an ‘acculturation’ process as it is understood generally. Sinicization may not kill people directly, but it murders the non- Chinese sense of genealogical differences and their polities. The discussion concludes that sinicization has made a remarkable success in the PRC more than at any other time in Chinese history. Chinese policies have been directed at destroying the possibility that non-Chinese national identity might have any political meaning, at destroying the minorities' capacity to think and engage in politics independently as sovereign ethnic groups.

Afars of Ethiopia in the system of ethnic federalism

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-146
Author(s):  
Roza Ismagilova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Ethnic Federalism

The article pioneers the analyses of the results of ethnic federalism introduced in Ethiopia in 1991 – and its influence on Afar. Ethnicity was proclaimed the fundamental principle of the state structure. The idea of ethnicity has become the basis of official ideology. The ethnic groups and ethnic identity have acquired fundamentally importance on the political and social levels . The country has been divided into nine ethnically-based regions. The article exposes the complex ethno-political and economic situation in the Afar State, roots and causes of inter- and intra-ethnic relations and conflicts with Amhara, Oromo, Tigray and Somali-Issa, competition of ethnic elites for power and recourses. Alive is the idea of “The Greater Afar”which would unite all Afar of the Horn of Africa. The protests in Oromia and Amhara Regions in 2015–2017 influenced the Afar state as welll. The situation in Ethiopia nowadays is extremely tense. Ethiopia is plunging into serious political crisis. Some observers call it “the beginning of Ethiopian spring”, the others – “Color revolution”

scholarly journals SCRIITORI ROMANI DE EXPRESIE GERMANA DIN TRANSILVANIA (1890-1960)

2021 ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
Mihaela HRISTEA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Print Media ◽  
German Literature ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Ethnocultural Diversity ◽  
Ethnic Barriers

Arising from its geographical position in relation to the Western countries and the multicultural specificity of this space, Transylvania was, due to the ethnic groups of Romanians, Germans, Hungarians, and other nationalities who lived there, a promoter of both Western influences and local cultural values. The print media was the means for these nationalities to preserve their language, traditions, customs and culture. Thus, in 1920, Romanian, German and Hungarian intellectuals opened new cultural horizons, managing to overcome traditional ethnic barriers. Through their publications, they expressed respect for plurality and ethnocultural diversity, religious tolerance, and asserted at the same time their own cultural and national identity. This study intends to survey the ethnic German literature at the beginning of the twentieth century that has also been partially translated into Romanian

Authenticity, hybridity, and difference

Focaal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (45) ◽  
pp. 71-93
Author(s):  
Wil G. Pansters
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Authentic Identity ◽  
Recent Developments

This article studies the transformation of the debate about national culture in twentieth-century Mexico by looking at the complex relationship between discourses of authenticity and mestizaje. The article firstly demonstrates how in the first half of the twentieth century, Mexican national identity was constructed out of a state-led program of mestizaje, thereby supposedly giving rise to a new and authentic identity, the mestizo (nation). Secondly, it is argued that the authentication project around mestizaje is riddled with paradoxes that require explanation. Thirdly, the article studies the political dimension of the authenticity discourse and demonstrates how the homogenizing and unifying forces that spring from the process of authentication played an important role in buttressing an authoritarian regime. Fourthly, the article looks at two recent developments: indigenous cultural politics and transnationalism. Here it is shown how discourses of difference, pluralism, and transnationalism are challenging the central tenets of Mexican post-revolutionary national culture and the boundaries of the national Self.

Counter-narrating political ethnocracy: Interrogating Malay–Chinese ethnic relations in Flower in the Pocket and Nasi Lemak 2.0

Asian Cinema ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan Chee Wah
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Political System ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Generation

This article focuses on the analysis of two Sinophone films made by Chinese Malaysian filmmakers, which are Flower in the Pocket (Liew Seng Tat 2007) and Nasi Lemak 2.0 (Namewee/Wee 2011), and discusses how these films engage Malaysian ethnocracy by interrogating the ever-problematic Malay–Chinese relationship. Both filmmakers belong to the new generation of Chinese Malaysians who feel the need to question the political system and long for a more inclusive national identity. Flower in the Pocket depicts the uncomfortable relationship between Malays and Chinese by examining the stories of two families from both ethnic backgrounds while questioning how Malays have taken their privilege position and economic protection for granted. Nasi Lemak 2.0 instead parodies the mainstream Malay-centric ideology by deconstructing the image Malay heroism while satirizing UMNO’s manipulation of ethnic politics.

Kabardo-Bałkaria jako republika dwutytularna w składzie Federacji Rosyjskiej

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Przemysław J. Sieradzan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Linguistic Aspect

The present paper is dedicated to the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria – one of the subject of Russian Federation, in which two ethnic groups have a status of “titular nation”. The point of entry to the further considerations is an analysis of the phenomenon of “bi-titularism” in the context of the specifics of the political system of Union of Soviet Socialist Republic and Russian Federation. The further part of the study is dedicated to two ethnic groups, which are completely different in both cultural and linguistic aspect – Kabardians (who belong to Abkhaz-Adyghe superethnos) and Turkic Balkars. The influence of bi-titular model on the character of the political regime, inter-ethnic relations and stability of the regional situation.

Within and Without: Chinese Writers Overseas

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gungwu Wang
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Political ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Overseas Chinese ◽  
Self In Relation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Migrant Community ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Dynamic Phenomena

AbstractThousands of Chinese outside China have been writing in Chinese and other languages since the past century. Some wrote merely to record their personal experiences. Others wrote to express their thoughts and feelings. We are beginning to have some idea of the aspirations and limitations of these writers and their struggles to define their place in their respective communities and countries, and in the larger world of literature. Each writer is a Self with regard to his or her immediate migrant community. As a member of the community, the writer is likely to have a different Self in relation to other ethnic groups in the adopted country, especially toward the dominant majority that has the political power to define national identity for all minorities. An additional Other would be the images of China. Also, some submit themselves to the test of globalization. Their condition can be better understood through the old Chinese dichotomy of nei and wai, with many dimensions of what is within and what is without. This dichotomy of within-without allows us to recognize the dilemmas of overseas Chinese writers as subjective and dynamic phenomena.

Orthodox Churches and the ‘Othering’ of Islam and Muslims in Today’s Balkans

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-401
Author(s):  
Egdūnas Račius
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Church

Abstract The article focuses on the relation between the socio-legal status of national Orthodox Churches and their role in the legal, institutional and social ‘othering’ of Islam and ethnic groups of Muslims in three Balkans countries, namely, Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Serbia. The research reveals that the state-pursued construction of national identity and politics of belonging are expressly permeated by ethno-confessional nationalism, which is at the core of the deep-running tensions between the dominant ethnic group and the marginalized Muslims. There is an alliance between the political and the Church elites to keep ethnic groups of Muslim background either altogether outside the ‘national Us’ or at least at its outer margins.

A China Carved and Collected: Ningbo Whitewood Figurines in the Long Twentieth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-407
Author(s):  
Yuanxie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imperial State

AbstractHow is the craft history of ordinary woodcarvers different from the political and economic history of elites and literati? This article tells a transnational history of Ningbo miniature whitewood figurines that were first collected by Western travelers as souvenirs from the 1870s to 1940s and then shipped to the West as export craft from the 1950s to 1980s. The examination of the makers, buyers, and collectors of these figurines reveals a dialectic process between carving and collecting. Focusing on both the making and circulation of these figurines, the article uncovers a new layer in modern Chinese history: with the political regime changing from the imperial state to socialist state, the carving and business practices of local artisans continued at its own rhythm. Less than three and a half inches tall, Ningbo whitewood figurines represent a miniature China carved and consumed on a global scale during the long twentieth century.

Revolutionary Politics in Twentieth-Century China

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Revolutionary Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Twenty First Century

Maurice Meisner was an important scholar of twentieth-century Chinese history, whose work focused on the ideological and bureaucratic dimensions of the People’s Republic and its origins in the upheavals of the first half of the century. This review considers aFestschriftincluding contributions from eight former students of Meisner, with articles on a wide array of topics across the period from the 1920s to the early twenty-first century. Strengths and limitations of Meisner’s work and his legacy are presented in conjunction with reflections on the underlying issues of the nature of contemporary China and its role in the world, and some related recent scholarly debates on the Left.

scholarly journals Taiwan: from Self-Determination to Negotiating Identities?

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Sondaitė-Van Soest
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Practice

This paper sets out to explore how the alternative conceptualizations of national identity influence the interpretation of the national self-determination principle in Taiwan. It will be argued that major disagreements about the application of the self-determination principle to Taiwan reflect the political priorities of different ethnic groups. An analysis of the political importance of historical imaginations is performed to demonstrate the ways the visions of the nation are endorsed and contested. It is concluded that the overlapping nationalities (Chinese and Taiwanese) and the lack of consensus in Taiwan inhibit the principle of the self-determination being put into political practice.

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