Hypo-egoicism and Cultural Evolution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Martin ◽  
Amey Kulkarni ◽  
Wyatt C. Anderson ◽  
Matthew Sanders ◽  
Jackie Newbold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Self Reflection

Human beings may be prepared by evolution to regulate their behavior in ways that were adaptive for our Paleolithic ancestors. When people behave in ways that are compatible with these adaptations, they rely primarily on hypo-egoic strategies that are efficient without being overly effortful or self-reflective. This chapter proposes that hypo-egoic self-regulation is an easy and efficient mode of self-regulation because people evolved to function in a mostly hypo-egoic fashion. Unfortunately, modern societies often require people to behave in ways that are incompatible with those predispositions, requiring them to rely on hyper-egoic strategies that require more effort, deliberation, and self-reflection. The chapter examines the causes and consequences of the mismatch between human beings’ evolved predispositions and the demands of modern life, and concludes with recommendations for how people can live more hypo-egoically even in complex, delayed-return societies.

Chutes, Not Ladders

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-130
Author(s):  
Pavithra Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
School Success ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Black Bodies ◽  
Boys Of Color ◽  
And Control

This article explores how a single-sex school for boys of color intentionally and unintentionally (re)defines masculinity through rules and rituals. The school’s mission posits that boys become men through developing three skills: selfregulation, self-awareness, and self-reflection. Drawing from qualitative research data, I examine how disciplinary practices prioritize boys’ ability to control their bodies and image, or “self-regulate.” When boys fail to self-regulate, they enter the punitive system. School staff describe self-regulation as integral to out-of-school success, but these practices may inadvertently reproduce negative labeling and control of black bodies. This article argues for school cultural practices that affirm, rather than deny, the benefits of boyhood.

The Goodness of Home

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Marandiuc
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Divine Love ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Middle Term ◽  
Human Love ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Theological Argument

The question of what home means and how it relates to subjectivity has fresh urgency in light of pervasive contemporary migration, which ruptures the human self, and painful relational poverty, which characterizes much of modern life. Yet the Augustinian heritage that situates true home and right attachment outside this world has clouded theological conceptualizations of earthly belonging. This book engages this neglected topic and argues for the goodness of home, which it construes relationally rather than spatially. In dialogue with research in the neuroscience of attachment theory and contemporary constructions of the self, the book advances a theological argument for the function of love attachments as sources of subjectivity and enablers of human freedom. The book shows that paradoxically the depth of human belonging—thus, dependence—is directly proportional to the strength of human agency—hence, independence. Building on Søren Kierkegaard’s imagery alongside other sources, the book depicts human love as interwoven with the infinite streams of divine love, forming a sacramental site for God’s presence, and playing a constitutive role in the making of the self. The book portrays the self both as gifted from God in inchoate form and as engaged in continuous, albeit nonlinear becoming via experiences of human love. The Holy Spirit indwells the attachment space between human beings as a middle term preventing its implosion or dissolution and conferring a stability that befits the concept of home. The interstitial space between loving human persons subsists both anthropologically and pneumatologically and generates the self’s home.

scholarly journals Private Self-consciousness, Self-reflection, Insight and Alcohol Consumption Among Young People and Adults

Psico-USF ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-644
Author(s):  
Cristyan Karla Nogueira Leal ◽  
Gabriel Gonzaga Barbosa de Faria ◽  
Mariane Lima DeSouza
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Young People ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Private self-consciousness is a relevant metacognitive capacity in the self-regulation process, with possible implications in alcohol consumption. This research verified the influence of self-reflection and insight, dimensions of private self-consciousness, on drinking behavior. A total of 523 Brazilians, aged from 20 to 39 years old, participated in a survey by answering the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale and the AUDIT test. The results showed that women have higher levels of self-reflection, whereas men have higher levels of insight. With regard to alcohol consumption, young people drink at higher risk levels than adults. Self-reflection and insight were negatively correlated with alcohol consumption. Age and gender differences in the intensity of the correlation between variables and the influence of environmental factors on the regulation of drinking behavior are discussed.

scholarly journals Personal Agency Features of Younger Adolescents with A High Degree Of Passion for Computer Games

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Anna Viktorovna Grishina ◽  
Elena Nikolaevna Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Personal Agency ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
Computer Club ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree

In the era of intensive informatization of society, computer becomes an integral part of the modern life of the younger teenagers. In Russia, the number of children spending time in front of monitors, playing computer games at home or in a computer club, increases every day. According to Entermedia LLC, the percentage of sales of computer games increases by 50% annually. Currently, 23% of the population of Russia plays computer games, at that the minimum age for a computer player is two years.Strengthening polarization regarding children's interest to computer games becomes one of the most important problems. What is meant here is the fact that, on the one hand, there are adolescents, whose interest in computer games is quite sustainable, while, on the other hand, there are also schoolchildren experiencing mild interest or no interest at all to computer games. The relevance of the present work is determined by the social danger of the phenomenon called high passion for computer games, which deforms, and sometimes blocks the development of the most important personal entities [3, 5, 9, 12, 15]. In this regard, the investigation of the features of personal agency in younger adolescents, which is responsible for the self-regulation of behavior and activity of a subject, is of particular importance. 

scholarly journals MEKANISME RESPON STRES: KONSEPTUALISASI INTEGRASI ISLAM DAN BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
Syahidah Rena
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
System Sensitivity ◽  
Psychological Concept ◽  
Natural Reaction ◽  
Positive Effect

Essentially, stress is a prevalent event used to occur. Nowadays, the society experienced stress as an attribute of modern life, since it became an inevitable part of human’s life. Causally, stress appeared as an individual's response to stressors that are perceived as causing threat both internal and external balance disorders.This paper aimed to discuss stress phenomena and individual’s response mechanism to stress based on integrative perspectives of Western and Islam. As a library study, this research used a qualitative approach. Furthermore the study analyzed main sources of literature such as books, journals and various researches related to the topic. This study discovered that good stress/eustress which was explained in western psychological concept would give positive effect such as fostering tough personality was consistent to the message of Qur’an which explained that stress is a natural state in human life.Allah has created human beings having anxiety and complaint as a natural reaction of the body's system sensitivity towards unpleasant things. Within islamic perspective, stress which was organized with positive spirit could turn body condition became better and stronger. 

The Role of Death in Life: Existential Aspects of Human Motivation

2012 ◽  
pp. 42-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelin Kesebir ◽  
Tom Pyszczynski
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Existential Anxiety ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Human Motivation ◽  
And Behavior

The capacity for self-reflection, which plays an important role in human self-regulation, also leads people to become aware of the limitations of their existence. Awareness of the conflict between one's desires (e.g., to live) and the limitations of existence (e.g., the inevitability of death) creates the potential for existential anxiety. In this chapter, we review how this anxiety affects human motivation and behavior in a variety of life domains. Terror management theory and research suggest that transcending death and protecting oneself against existential anxiety are potent needs. This protection is provided by an anxiety-buffering system, which imbues people with a sense of meaning and value that function to shield them against these concerns. We review evidence of how the buffering system protects against existential anxiety in four dimensions of existence: the physical, personal, social, and spiritual domains. Because self-awareness is a prerequisite for existential anxiety, escaping self-awareness can also be an effective way to obviate the problem of existence. After elaborating on how existential anxiety can motivate escape from self-awareness, we conclude the chapter with a discussion of remaining issues and directions for future research and theory development.

Self-Regulated Learning as a Method to Develop Scientific Thinking

2015 ◽  
pp. 1189-1214
Author(s):  
Erin E. Peters Burton
Keyword(s):  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Evaluation Of Performance ◽  
Regulated Learning

The development of skills and the rationale behind scientific thinking has been a major goal of science education. Research has shown merit in teaching the nature of science explicitly and reflectively. In this chapter, the authors discuss how research in a self-regulated learning theory has furthered this finding. Self-regulation frames student learning as cycling through three phases: forethought (cognitive processes that prepare the learner for learning such as goal setting), performance (employment of strategies and self-monitoring of progress), and self-reflection (evaluation of performance with the goal). Because students have little interaction with the inherent guidelines that drive the scientific enterprise, setting goals toward more sophisticated scientific thinking is difficult for them. However, teachers can help students set goals for scientific thinking by being explicit about how scientists and science function. In this way, teachers also explicitly set a standard against which students can self-monitor their performance during the learning and self-evaluate their success after the learning. In addition to summarizing the research on learning and teaching of self-regulation and scientific thinking, this chapter offers recommendations to reform science teaching from the field of educational psychology.

Functionalism and Stratification, Socio-Cultural Evolution and Revolution

2016 ◽  
pp. 107-130
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Ex Nihilo ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Political Economic

In the previous chapter we argued that the conception of creatio ex nihilo is the determinant of hierarchy and stratification in Judaism and Christianity; Islam teaches that God created divisions as a way for human beings to recognize each other. The metaphysical origin of sociality and the reality of tribal and clan structure are reflected in the Islamic conception of community, gamaat; on a larger scale it is called ummah. Members in Islamic ummah are set apart from non-Muslims. This is dissimilar to the ancient Judaic racial and ethnic symbiosis which came to be known as the “chosen people,” an early manifestation of stratification in monotheistic religions. Among the Muslim scholars of the Middle Ages, Ibn Khaldun approached the objective foundations of sociality, attending to an implicit conception of stratification by appropriating detached observational methods to explain the rise and fall of dynasties. Principally, his work demonstrates the possibility of synthetically a posteriori, based on his personal experience and analytical a priori by which he asserted that the rise and fall are part of the definition of all dynasties. However, since Ibn Khaldun's day, our notion of the objects of structure and function of societies requires that we distinguish many variables in order to understand Islamic societies – particularly the way that their stratification systems are affected by globalization, or their transition toward, or their opposition to modernity. Using geometry metaphorically, it is true that we have departed from Euclidian theorems with the advent of various geometries. Yet Euclidian geometry still has many functions, a point that amplifies the intersections of both Euclidian and non-Euclidian geometries. Notwithstanding the various intersections among political, economic, religious, cultural and social matrices that provide multiple logics to understand the operations of societies, the Khaldunic notion of rise and fall has survived to this day.

How Cassirer explains myth and other symbolic forms through semiotic functions

Semiotica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (233) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Masoud Algooneh Juenghani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Symbolic Form ◽  
Ernst Cassirer ◽  
Symbolic Forms ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
The World

AbstractErnst Cassirer (1874–1945), Neo-Kantian philosopher of Marburg school, studies myth as a component of symbolic forms. He considers myth as the cornerstone of philosophy of culture as well as the source of such other forms as language, religion, art and science. Cassirer, applying an epistemological approach towards myths and other realms of human culture, argues that human beings experience the world through a mediated process. Of course, this mediated encounter with the world has different aspects in the evolving course of culture. These aspects are completely dependent upon the symbolic form through which man experiences his world. However, it seems what Cassirer puts forth as an explanation of the cultural evolution of mankind is basically influenced by his semiotic viewpoints. Therefore, the present article tries to find the theoretical resources of Cassirer’s thought and analyze his reasoning in this regard. Emphasizing Cassirer’s theoretical assumptions as well as his methodology, we have tried to better understand his claims about myth and other symbolic forms. It has been revealed that Cassirer’s theory is mainly shaped by his particular models of semiotic functions. Analyzing the semiotic functions of each specific form indicates that Cassirer has differentiated three independent functions. Each of these functions works on an expressive, Ausdrucken. representative, Darstellungen. or signifying Bedeutungen. basis and is respectively correspondent with myth, language, and science.

Socratic Meditation and Emotional Self-Regulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-160
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Schultz ◽  
Paul E. Carron ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Technology Benefits ◽  
Technological World ◽  
Mental Actions ◽  
Meditative Practices

This essay proposes that Socrates practiced various spiritual exercises, induding meditation, and that this Socratic practice of meditation was habitual, aimed at cultivating emotional self-control and existential preparedness. Corntemporary research in neurobiology supports the view that intentional mental actions, including mediation, have a profound impact on brain activity, neuroplasticity, and help engender emotional self-control. This impact on brain activity is confirmed via technological developments, a prime example of how technology benefits humanity, Socrates attains the balanced emotional self-control that Alcibiades describes in the Symposium because of the sustained mental effort he exerts that direct impetus his brain and his emotional and philosophical life. The essay concludes that Socratic meditative practices aimed at manifesting true dignity as human beings within the complexities of a technological world offer a promising model of self-care worthy of embracing today.

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