“Deciding” to Kill

This chapter examines the cognitive, affective, and situational factors that influence the decision-making processes of those who kill. With little existing research that specifically focuses on homicide offender decision making, this chapter brings together criminological and psychological research on violence-related cognition, affect, and the situational dynamics of violent encounters. The authors make the case for combining these three perspectives in order to better understand decision making and homicide. Four case studies, two cases of homicide and two of sublethal encounters, illuminate offenders’ thoughts and feelings prior to and during the commission of the offense and illustrate the complex interplay of cognitive, affective, and situational factors in lethal and near-lethal events. The chapter concludes with proposed avenues for future research.

A Decision Methodology for Determining Suitable Post-Disaster Accommodations: Reconsidering Effective Indicators for Decision-making Processes

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management ◽

10.1515/jhsem-2018-0058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

Author(s):

S. M. Amin Hosseini ◽

Albert de la Fuente ◽

Oriol Pons ◽

Carmen Mendoza Arroyo

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Case Studies ◽

Natural Hazard ◽

Recovery Process ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Temporary Housing ◽

Universal Approach ◽

Main Factors ◽

Post Disaster

AbstractOne of the main challenges in assisting displaced persons who have lost their homes as a result of a natural hazard is the provision of adequate post-disaster accommodations, such as temporary housing. Although the need for temporary housing has increased around the world in recent years, it has been criticized on economic, environmental, and social grounds. A universal approach to post-disaster accommodations cannot successfully deal with this issue because each recovery process involves a unique set of conditions. Therefore, rather than defining a specific strategy, this study aims to present an approach capable of producing customized strategies based on contextual and social conditions. To this end, first, the main factors influencing the choice of post-disaster accommodations are identified through five case studies. It is concluded that all of the factors can be organized into three main vertices to simplify the highly complex issues involved in post-disaster accommodations. The case studies also show that the decision-making process consists of two main parts. To date, a recurring failure to distinguish between these two parts has led to unsuitable outcomes. Thus, this paper presents a new decision-making methodology, consisting of multiple steps, phases, and indicators based on the main vertices.

Field Guide to Case Study Research in Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure - Advances in Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research ◽

Case Studies of International Tourists’ in-Destination Decision-Making Processes in New Zealand

10.1108/s1871-3173(2012)0000006019 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 297-315

Author(s):

Clive Smallman ◽

Kevin Moore ◽

Jude Wilson ◽

David Simmons

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

New Zealand ◽

Case Studies ◽

Human decision-making biases in the moral dilemmas of autonomous vehicles

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-49411-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Darius-Aurel Frank ◽

Polymeros Chrysochou ◽

Panagiotis Mitkidis ◽

Dan Ariely

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Autonomous Vehicles ◽

Moral Dilemmas ◽

Situational Factors ◽

Future Research ◽

Personal Perspective ◽

Moral Code ◽

Moral Decision Making ◽

Moral Decisions ◽

Human Decision

Abstract The development of artificial intelligence has led researchers to study the ethical principles that should guide machine behavior. The challenge in building machine morality based on people’s moral decisions, however, is accounting for the biases in human moral decision-making. In seven studies, this paper investigates how people’s personal perspectives and decision-making modes affect their decisions in the moral dilemmas faced by autonomous vehicles. Moreover, it determines the variations in people’s moral decisions that can be attributed to the situational factors of the dilemmas. The reported studies demonstrate that people’s moral decisions, regardless of the presented dilemma, are biased by their decision-making mode and personal perspective. Under intuitive moral decisions, participants shift more towards a deontological doctrine by sacrificing the passenger instead of the pedestrian. In addition, once the personal perspective is made salient participants preserve the lives of that perspective, i.e. the passenger shifts towards sacrificing the pedestrian, and vice versa. These biases in people’s moral decisions underline the social challenge in the design of a universal moral code for autonomous vehicles. We discuss the implications of our findings and provide directions for future research.

Decision-Making Methods in MIS Outsourcing

Outsourcing Management Information Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-195-7.ch007 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 134-152

Author(s):

Jeanette Nasem Morgan

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Decision Making ◽

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Case Studies ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Information Services ◽

Data Warehouses ◽

Government Decision ◽

Trade Offs ◽

This chapter commences with a discussion of corporate and government decision-making processes and the management sciences that support development of decisions. Special decision-making considerations, trade-offs analyses, and cost-benefit studies all figure into decisions that result in outsourcing. Technologies that support different methods of decision-making include data warehouses and data mining, rules-based logic, heuristical processes, fuzzy logic, and expert-based reasoning are presented. The chapter presents case studies and current and evolving technologies. The following sections will address the decision-making methods that are used in considering, executing and monitoring outsourced MIS projects or in service lines related to provision of information services in the organization.

Spiritual Discernment, the Incorporated Organization, and Corporate Law: The Case of Quaker Business Method

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel10010035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Nicholas Burton ◽

Jonathan Bainbridge

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Corporate Law ◽

Religious Organizations ◽

Future Research ◽

Management Innovation ◽

Society Of Friends ◽

Spiritual Discernment ◽

The Uk ◽

Religious Society Of Friends

The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which practices from the spiritual traditions—in our case, spiritual discernment—may offer opportunities for management innovation in non-religious organizations in designing collaborative and participative decision-making processes. We examine the case of a spiritual discernment practice associated with the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in the UK—known as the Quaker Business Method (QBM)—to help illuminate the opportunities of spiritual discernment in private limited companies. Given that the majority of non-religious, trading organizations are structured as private limited companies, our paper addresses the extent to which QBM can be utilized by such entities. Thus, we bring religion and corporate law into conversation to address this under-explored terrain. We find that embedding many elements of Quaker spiritual discernment in private limited companies pose non-trivial challenges. However, many of these challenges can be overcome so long as those involved in managing and owning organizations actively engage with corporate law, and specifically consider the benefits of adopting bespoke articles of association or entering into a separate shareholder agreement to reflect the practice of spiritual discernment. We necessarily adopt a practice-orientated perspective, and conclude by proposing new pathways for future research.

Understanding Key Antecedents of Consumer Loyalty toward Sharing-Economy Platforms: The Case of Airbnb

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11195195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (19) ◽

pp. 5195 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kim

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Consumer Satisfaction ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Sustainable Consumption ◽

Sharing Economy ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Future Research ◽

Consumer Loyalty ◽

Collaborative Consumption ◽

Amidst collaborative consumption and developments in information and communication technology, the sharing economy has attracted worldwide attention, being considered sustainable consumption as it shares time, resources, and materials with others. However, because sharing-economy platforms offer nearly homogeneous assets to traditional business firms, enhancing consumer loyalty presents a huge challenge. This study provides a theoretical view for understanding the mechanisms behind user loyalty in the sharing economy. It identifies consumer satisfaction and trust in Airbnb as the key antecedents of consumer loyalty. Moreover, this study investigates the different effects of economic, hedonic, and symbolic benefits on consumers’ decision-making processes. A structural equation modeling method was used to check the research hypotheses based on a sample of 317 Airbnb consumers in South Korea. The analysis results reveal that in the case of Airbnb, consumer loyalty is jointly shaped by consumer satisfaction and trust, with entertainment and recognition significantly influencing both consumer satisfaction and trust. Moreover, money savings and exploration are not significantly related to consumers’ decision-making processes. Although social benefits significantly influence trust in Airbnb, these have no significant effect on consumer satisfaction. The findings provide theoretical and practical implications and future research direction.

Entrepreneurial decision-making: new conceptual perspectives

Management Decision ◽

10.1108/md-11-2017-1152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (7) ◽

pp. 1283-1300 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kaylee De Winnaar ◽

Frances Scholtz

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Business Environment ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Future Research ◽

Conceptual Approach ◽

Content Type ◽

Business Environments ◽

Theoretical Perspectives ◽

Entrepreneurial Decision

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to call for inclusion of alternative but complementary conceptual perspectives in entrepreneurial decision-making theory and practice. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual approach, drawing on two sets of theoretical perspectives relating to decision making of entrepreneurs, is adopted. Findings The paper presents a conceptual framework of entrepreneurial decision making utilising the intersection between a metacognitive model of the entrepreneurial mindset and the recognition-primed decision-making theory. The paper argues that the convergence of these theoretical viewpoints provides a selection of decision-making processes for entrepreneurs in an uncertain business environment. Practical implications Decision-making models and tools are available to entrepreneurs; however, the relevance and applicability are restrained by the complexity and uncertainty of business environments in which entrepreneurs operate. New and more inclusive conceptual perspectives are required to improve the accuracy of decision making. Originality/value The study offers a framework that integrates two diverse theoretical dimensions of entrepreneurial decision making. The findings of this study provide direction for practice and for future research on entrepreneurial decision making. The paper intends to encourage researchers to support a new combined theoretical approach and to help practitioners better understand the reasons for entrepreneurial decision failure.

How does familiarity shape destination image and loyalty for visitors and residents?

Journal Of Vacation Marketing ◽

10.1177/1356766720969747 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135676672096974

Author(s):

Gian Luca Casali ◽

Yulin Liu ◽

Angelo Presenza ◽

Char-Lee Moyle

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Destination Image ◽

Future Research ◽

Tourism Destination ◽

Holistic Model ◽

Behavioural Intentions ◽

Place Image ◽

Destination familiarity is thought to critically influence tourists’ decision-making processes. Yet the role of familiarity in shaping tourists’ and residents’ image of, and loyalty to, a destination remains uncertain. This research tests a complex and holistic model of familiarity, affective, cognitive and overall images, and the conative behavioural intentions of visiting and recommending the destination for both residents and visitors in the context of the emerging tourism destination of Molise, Italy. The results reveal that residents and visitors differ in terms of their familiarity and intention to visit a place, with familiarity being less likely to influence residents’ intentions. There is heterogeneity between residents and visitors’ affective image and intention to visit, as well as between their overall image and intention to recommend Molise. Hence, unlike visitors, residents are more likely to respond to factual cognitive imaging, rather than emotional messaging, suggesting that shifting residents’ perceptions of place image requires a different approach to that of visitors. Future research should seek to confirm the relationships in a multi-destination study.

A Theory of Guilt Appeals: A Review Showing the Importance of Investigating Cognitive Processes as Mediators between Emotion and Behavior

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs9120117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Aurélien Graton ◽

Melody Mailliez

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Social Behaviors ◽

Prosocial Behaviors ◽

Future Research ◽

Attentional Biases ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Attentional Processes ◽

And Behavior

Guilt appeals in the field of persuasion are quite common. However, the effectiveness of these messages is sometimes ambivalent. It is widely acknowledged that guilt leads people to engage into prosocial behaviors, but the effects of guilt can also be counter-productive (e.g., reactance-like effects). We argue that the explanations for these contradictions remain unsatisfactory and suggest that taking into account the implications of underlying cognitive—especially attentional—mechanisms would provide a better understanding of these paradoxical outcomes. This article provides a brief review of the literature on the link between guilt and pro-social behaviors and its classical interpretations. We propose a reinterpretation of this link by taking into account specific attentional processes triggered by the emotion of guilt. Attentional biases are, in our opinion, better predictors of the effectiveness of a message than the amount of emotion induced by the same message. This consideration should guide future research in the field of guilt appeals and pro-social behaviors. Implications, in terms of a broader comprehension of the emotion–behavior association in decision making processes, are discussed.

Managerial perceptions of energy in logistics

International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management ◽

10.1108/ijpdlm-04-2015-0090 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 447-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christian Busse ◽

Alexander Regelmann ◽

Hariganesh Chithambaram ◽

Stephan M. Wagner

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Future Research ◽

Organizational Research ◽

Content Type ◽

Managerial Perceptions ◽

Awareness Raising

Purpose Because of the major contribution of logistics to the greenhouse gas effect, logistics research has begun to address the topic of energy, but it has not yet targeted the role of energy within logistical decision-making processes. To facilitate such endeavors, the purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of energy which managers in logistics organizations portray. Design/methodology/approach This investigation is based on interviews with 17 managers. The findings are embedded in the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and stakeholder theory (SHT). Findings The study depicts initial insights on which energy-related perceptions exist, how they can be categorized into attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls (PBCs), and how different stakeholders seem to affect them. Research limitations/implications This research suggests a tentative comprehensive conceptual framework that describes the role of energy in logistical decision-making processes. The findings on attitudes and subjective norms appear to be unspecific to the logistics domain, whereas some of the PBCs are presumably unique to the logistics context. Future logistics research should hence focus its efforts on the PBCs. Generalizability and completeness of the managerial perceptions must be validated by future research. Practical implications The findings help logistics organizations in scrutinizing managerial perspectives on energy and in developing awareness-raising measures. Originality/value The behavioral perspective applied in this study can complement extant, more technically oriented views. The conceptual framework that integrates the TPB and SHT may also be useful for organizational research beyond the logistics domain.