The Professions and Professional Education

2019 ◽  
pp. 315-332
Author(s):  
Richard K. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Law School ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Professional Schools ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Teaching Knowledge ◽  
Know How ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pure Knowledge

Education for a professional career differs fundamentally from other forms of education. A physician, for example, must know more than medical science. To be competent, medical doctors must know how to practice medicine, which Donald Schön called knowing-in-action. At times, professional schools have been stepchildren in universities because they taught skills as well as pure knowledge. In other eras, a medical school or a law school might be one of a university’s crown jewels. Differing degrees of acceptance in universities seem correlated to a profession’s prestige and to a professional school’s ability to generate research and publications. The tensions between trying to satisfy those criteria while simultaneously teaching knowledge-in-action with pure knowledge are essential to the history of professional education. The professions differ from one another in how they have navigated through these tensions, but the differences are variations on more or less the same theme.

scholarly journals Posthumanism and the New Ethics of Medical Practice—Epidemiology as the New Deontological Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-118
Author(s):  
Timea Vitan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Vantage Points

In the context of the COVID19 pandemic, during last year all public attention has been focused on Medicine. Epidemiology is no longer just one medical specialty among many others, but became the main paradigm and the unique background of medical science. The individual pacient has turned into the collective pacient. Medical policies are not centered on the pacient anymore, but on its social group. In this article I will try to show how the characteristics of medical practice changed since the pandemic began and which are the deontological implications of such changes. With a short introduction on the medical policies proposed by the WHO during the last decades, I wish to underline the recent history of medical practice and its obvious turning point occasioned by the pandemic. Once the new bioethical vantage points are set, I wonder to which extent posthumanist philosophy foresaw this new deontological paradigm. Having Rosi Braidotti`s “The Posthuman” as my starting point, I maintain that medical doctors no longer practice on a humanist background, but with a sort of commitment that goes beyond the individual. However, this is not an antihumansit pledge, because contemporary medical doctors still adhere to certain humanist principles. As it so often happens, we will be left with even more questions. If the pacient is no longer the individual, but the group of individuals, which is the nature of a symptom and how should we decipher its meaning? How would a new medical science look like if we are to build it not on a human but on a posthuman biology?

Michael Vincent Levey 1927–2008

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher White
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
National Gallery ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Year’S Eve ◽  
The Creation

Michael Vincent Levey (1927–2008), a Fellow of the British Academy, devoted his professional career to the National Gallery, becoming one of its most distinguished and effective directors. During his time in office (1973–1987), he was substantially responsible for modernising the Gallery in both its attitudes and services to the public. New programmes were introduced and new galleries were built, and, most important of all, a number of masterpieces were added to the collection. At a New Year's Eve party in 1953, Levey met Brigid Brophy, an up-and-coming novelist, the daughter of the writer John Brophy. Love was instantaneous and in six months they were married. His most wide-ranging innovation in the administration of the National Gallery was the creation of a fully professional Education Department. At his death, Levey was engaged in writing a biography of Ellen Terry, which met both his great interest in the history of the theatre and his fascination with a magnetic personality who had long intrigued him.

Justice Education: A Desired Destination of The Menon Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Debasis Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Law School ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurship ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Generation

Since inception of the new-generation experiment in legal education with the National Law School of India University Bangalore (NLSIU), contemporary history of professional education rolls on toward excellence and the ordeal is on with the proliferation of similar institutional entrepreneurship. In the anxiety of competitive edge, few—too few—follow legacy of a model school in Bangalore; invented by N.R. Madhava Menon: the legacy vis-a-vis experiments with discipline, leadership, pedagogy, and the like. Minute prospect and consequence of (t)his model apart, Menon redefined the philosophy of professional education at NLSIU. What went spread over far and wide as trendsetter for the contemporary legal education is the letters of institutionalism, more so for ‘National’. Spirit of the NLSIU legacy but lies elsewhere. A practising lawyer-turned-educator, Madhava Menon has introduced a model to prepare well-baked product for the bench and the bar alike. At the same time, however, he brought in sense of social responsibility otherwise getting dwindled in the contemporary professional lifeworld. Not without reason that there is emphasis upon clinical legal education and legal aid clinic alike. In its essence, the author advances arguendo with the reasoning of his own, that pedagogy thereby initiated has had a teleological end to offer legal education en route to justice education; thereby spearhead progressive social transformation. The Menon Model is meant to raise human resource for professional service to the court and the people; instead of tertiary service to the market. After his model, the market ought to approach qualified professionals; not vice versa. The sooner such internal legacy of the (Menon) model earns appreciation is the better for prospect of professional education.

“Warn Students That I Entertain Heretical Opinions, Which They Are Not to Take as Law”: The Inception of Case Method Teaching in the Classrooms of the Early C. C. Langdell, 1870–1883

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Kimball
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law School ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Academic Standards ◽  
Case Method ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Christopher Columbus ◽  
History Of

Christopher Columbus Langdell (1826–1906) was perhaps the most influential figure in the history of legal education in the United States. He shaped the modern law school by introducing a number of significant reforms during his tenure as dean of Harvard Law School (HLS) from 1870 to 1895. Indeed, Langdell may well be the most influential figure in the history of American professional education because he established at HLS, with the help of President Charles W. Eliot, the model for twentieth-century professional schools. His innovations—such as minimum academic standards for admission to degree candidacy, a graded and sequential curriculum, minimum academic standards for continuation in a degree program, a professorial career track for faculty members, and the transformation of the library from a textbook repository into a scholarly resource—became the norm to which leading law schools, medical schools, and, finally, schools of other professions in the twentieth century aspired. Among these changes, none is more closely associated with Langdell than the introduction of case method teaching.

scholarly journals Działalność samorządu lekarskiego w zakresie doskonalenia zawodowego na przykładzie Wielkopolskiej Izby Lekarskiej

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Piotr KORDEL ◽  
Krzysztof KORDEL ◽  
Marek SAJ
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Utmost Care ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Medical Chamber

The issue of the continuous improvement of professional qualifications by medical doctors is of utmost importance both from the point of view of doctors and their patients. Acquiring new knowledge and skills is an important element of a doctor’s professional career. A doctor who raises his qualifications guarantees better medical care for a patient. The professional self-governing body of doctors constitutes a significant element in the postgraduate education of doctors. It participates in the education of interns and in the procedure of acquiring the title of specialist. It also supervises and organizes the process of doctors’ mandatory continuous education. A majority of the tasks related to doctors’ professional education is performed by regional chambers. The Wielkopolska Medical Chamber organizes training sessions and courses for its members, which are one of the forms of fulfilling the requirement of professional improvement, reimburses a portion of the costs borne by the doctors in connection with improving their professional qualifications, and it establishes cooperation with domestic and foreign academic institutions to provide doctors from Wielkopolska with an opportunity to partake in training. These activities of the medical association, combined with the organs of professional liability of doctors, allow the patients to hope that when visiting a doctor they encounter a specialist who will take the utmost care of them.

scholarly journals Lime paintings in Treatises and Construction Technical Manuals in Portugal from 1880 to 1931 – An historical review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene Gil
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Know How ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
History Of

A review of the lime painting technique is made based on five Treatises and Construction Technical Manuals that were published in Portugal between 1880 and 1930 and were or became a reference in technical and professional education. The goal is to document the history of one of the most popular types of painting in Portuguese Building Heritage until about 1960, whose testimonies still remaining in historic centers should be studied for the purposes of registration and rehabilitation works. This survey enabled to ascertain details of the executants, of the materials and the know-how which are still little known today and to highlight the paradigm shift from what was once considered a type of coarse painting that only gave rudimentary and monotonous tones.

scholarly journals Funeral embalming

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-30
Author(s):  
Pascale Trompette ◽  
Mélanie Lemonnier
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Know How ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Commercial Networks ◽  
Professional Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Death Care

This paper studies the trajectory of modern embalming, considered as a technical innovation in the treatment of dead bodies, across time and societies. Tracing the history of technical innovations, it examines the evolution of embalming from the fi eld of medical science to its re-appropriation by a secular sphere (funeral sector). The central role of material culture in the spread of innovative embalming techniques is underlined, and notably the leading role of commercial networks and industrial actors as they support the growth of embalmers while products, equipment and technical know-how are normalized. On the basis of the contemporary funeral organization, the analysis explores how embalming has become part of the cooperative chain surrounding death. It describes how embalming innovation entails a set of ‘alignments’ (Strauss, 1988) in the management of corpse care, supporting various standardization processes, which are both practical and symbolic. Finally, the establishment of a professional body of embalmers points to a new inter-professional interpretation of the corpse and of death care, radically changing the interface between the medical world and the funeral world.

Life as a Raw Material: Illusions of Control

Somatechnics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oron Catts ◽  
Ionat Zurr
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Short History ◽  
Know How ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The paper discusses and critiques the concept of the single engineering paradigm. This concepts allude to a future in which the control of matter and life, and life as matter, will be achieved by applying engineering principles; through nanotechnology, synthetic biology and, as some suggest, geo-engineering, cognitive engineering and neuro-engineering. We outline some issues in the short history of the field labelled as Synthetic Biology. Furthermore; we examine the way engineers, scientists, designers and artists are positioned and articulating the use of the tools of Synthetic Biology to expose some of the philosophical, ethical and political forces and considerations of today as well as some future scenarios. We suggest that one way to enable the possibilities of alternative frames of thought is to open up the know-how and the access to these technologies to other disciplines, including artistic.

Philosophy in Belarus: Historical Specificity – Modern Trends – National Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Anatoly A. Lazarevich
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
National Language ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
National Context ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
European Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Specificity ◽  
Cognitive Orientations

The article considers the formation and development of philosophy in Belarus in the context of historical conditions and modern opportunities. Discussing the national context of the philosophical process, the author reveals the four aspects of the phenomenon of “national philosophy.” Firstly, there are national institutional and disciplinary structures, which are responsible for an organized scientific, methodological, research and educational activity, which at the level of the nation-state is formalized by certain institutions, system of professional education, norms of professional ethos, standards of behavior within the community and in the wider social environment. Secondly, in the light of philosophical culture, national philosophy is interpreted as a set of value and cognitive orientations passed down from generation to generation. Thirdly, national philosophy can be viewed in the aspect of the tradition of studying the philosophical thought of the nation in the context of its historical development. Fourthly, national philosophy appears in the aspect of the philosophical foundations of the national idea and national-cultural identity. The author examines the main stages of the development of the Belarusian philosophical culture, it is shown that the features of this culture were formed under the condition of a complex combination of the worldview and values of Latin civilization, Christianity, modern European science, rationalism of social projects of the Enlightenment, ideological and worldview attitudes of Western Russian culture, formalized Soviet philosophical disciplines. The article reviews the circle of theoretical, ideological, and practical problems that the modern philosophical process in Belarus faces, the author emphasizes the unfading value of philosophical knowledge as a source of heuristic means for finding effective local answers to global problems of cultural and civilizational development. The author argues that there are two conditions that make national philosophy possible: this is, first of all, a connection with the history of thought in the area of national genesis and also the expression of thought in a national language.

The death of Sergey Esenin: A forensic’s view of the cultural and historical event

2018 ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
L. V. Bertovsky ◽  
V. M. Klyueva ◽  
A. L. Lisovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Know How ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
History Of

Sergey Esenin’s tragic end is widely known and provokes disputes to this day. The official reports put it down as a suicide. The incident could be analyzed more effectively by means of an interdisciplinary approach using the latest forensic know-how. The documented circumstances of Esenin’s death, found in recorded testimonies and interviews, as well as the materials of the Russian National Esenin Committee of Writers, are examined through the author’s own classification of forensically relevant evidence of suicide. The analysis reveals that suicide remains the most probable version. Far from solving this incident for good, these conclusions may become an important forensic contribution to the history of Russian culture.

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