Textual Criticism

2021 ◽  
pp. 706-722
Author(s):  
Caroline Macé
Keyword(s):  
Textual Criticism ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Book Series ◽  
Critical Editions ◽  
Textual Transmission ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Common

This chapter provides an overview of the main tasks to be performed by an editor of Byzantine literary works, highlighting some of the recent developments in methodology and technology and focusing on technical aspects. The editor’s tasks are the following: (1) heuristics of texts and manuscripts, (2) collation (namely, comparison of the text preserved in different manuscripts), (3) classification of the manuscript witnesses of a text according to various principles, (4) edition (or constitutio textus, in the common Latin terminology of critical editions), and, finally, (5) publication. Different types of textual transmission, shaped by several elements (language, genre, topic, authority, etc.), require, it is argued here, different editorial treatments. An Appendix to the chapter lists the main book series in which editions of Byzantine literature are published.

Latviešu metālmūzikas albumu nosaukumi

2021 ◽  
pp. 361-369
Author(s):  
Ingars Gusāns
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Third ◽  
Metal Music ◽  
Local Character ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

The aim of the study is to describe the titles of Latvian metal music albums, from the perspective of content, by identifying the common and distinctive character of the metallic music tradition, and perhaps even the local one. Of 241 album titles (data on Dec. 31, 2019), most are in English, some in French, Latin, Russian, some consisting of digits, and 69 titles in Latvian. These titles are the subject of the research. The main source is Encyclopaedia Metallum (www.metal-archives.com), which still does not reflect the current situation concerning Latvian metal music. Album titles in this study are viewed separately from album designs and song titles and are analysed from the perspective of content. The album title is an important part of the work that has been issued because it is an element that makes the audience/buyer pay attention to the album because it must not be forgotten that today the album is also an item that you want to sell. In general, it can be concluded that Latvian metal musicians, with their album titles in Latvian, are mostly following world trends, as evidenced by the integration in the researcher Deena Weinstein’s classification of Dionysian discourse and discourse on chaos. Most titles are more relevant to the discourse on chaos because the thematic circle of chaos is wider. Latvian mythology, along with history, is an up-to-date source for the creative work of bands that is responsible for the local feeling of the titles. A large enough number are titles that are difficult to fit in the Weinstein’s division and form the third group with philosophical titles and simply all sorts of titles. If the philosophical titles follow the world’s trends, the simple titles include the names of the events, tributes, and the titles of literary works, which give them a local character.

scholarly journals Application of the Machine Vision Technology and Infrared Thermography to the Detection of Hoof Diseases in Dairy Cows: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 11045
Author(s):  
Pavel Kříž ◽  
Michaela Horčičková ◽  
Roman Bumbálek ◽  
Petr Bartoš ◽  
Luboš Smutný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Bibliometric Method ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Dairy Science

Infrared thermography (IRT) is a noninvasive and safe method of displaying the temperature map of objects that can be used to detect hoof diseases and lameness to reduce significant financial costs and physically stress animals. A qualitative bibliometric method based on the analysis of publications by the authors themselves using sophisticated tools of scientific databases was applied in this work. This review presents the fundamentals of IRT as well as recent developments in IRT detection in dairy science, including preprocessing, segmentation, and classification of objects in IRT images. In addition, recent studies dealing with the detection of hoof diseases and lameness using IRT are reviewed. As a result of this study, select previous studies are confronted in terms of technical aspects of IRT measurements such as emissivity, distance, temperature range, and reflected air temperature. Subsequently, recommendations for future IRT measurements are discussed.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A RULE-BASED SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED BIM CODE-CHECKING

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Martino Di Giuda ◽  
Andrea Bonomi Boseggia ◽  
Francesco Paleari
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Information Modelling ◽  
Rule Based System ◽  
Python Language ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Regulatory Controls ◽  
Italian Legislation

This paper aims to describe a method for code-checking integrated into a BIM-based process. Recent developments in the field of model checking, made possible by the increased level of maturity of information modelling, open the possibility to facilitate regulatory controls. However, the automation of this process requires the definition and classification of rules, which represent the translation of regulatory requirements into a computer-based language. This activity, based on Italian legislation, represents the first step to propose a system that aims at integrating BIM models with the rule dataset. For this reason, this paper analyses the different types of queries through rules. These rules must recall principles of generality, replicability, consistency, uniformity. All these requirements are summarized in a structured spreadsheet and compared with the information contained in the BIM model, through a tool implemented within Dynamo software and facilitated by the use of scripts in Python language. The results of this process can be represented in the model and in the spreadsheet for an immediate visualization. This method allows a rapid and detailed control capable of highlighting the potential of information modelling and its integration.

A contextualistic approach to antisocial personality

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Carmelo Visdómine-Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personality Patterns ◽  
Therapeutic Settings ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a contextualistic account of antisocial responding, with the addition of recent developments on the study of personality. Design/methodology/approach – A behavioural and contextualistic view point is developed to account for antisocial personality and related topics, inasmuch as traditional definitions of antisocial personality disorder as provided on formal diagnostic manuals derive on several and not always coherent classifications of antisocial behaviours. Some of these classifications centre on issues like guilt, impulsivity or aggressiveness for establishing different types of offending and antisocial patterns. This paper focuses on functional personal backgrounds. Findings – A total of five types of “potentiated contingencies” are described as being the main underpinnings involved in antisocial patterns. An analysis of the transformation of aversive functions of antisocial behaviours, leads to specify a distinctive rule-following behaviour that is concerned with that responding. Finally, the exposition of the four verbal clinical contexts that behaviour analysis highlights as taking place at therapeutic settings, serves to propose a fitter contextualistic intervention for antisocial personality patterns. Research limitations/implications – Novel investigations should contrast the functional classification of antisocial responding. Those studies should experimentally demonstrate the way in which the different instances of transformation of antisocial functions the author has described are prompted. Practical implications – The analysis also allows for the anticipation of the behaviour of individuals fitting to every category of antisocial avoidance. And as the functional analysis of “antisocial avoidance” uncovers specific relations between environmental stimuli as they are produced and established in the history of interactions of individuals, a more fitting intervention based upon those relations is feasible. Originality/value – An exhaustive functional taxonomy of antisocial personalities and delinquent behaviours has never been presented before elsewhere. Besides the author reinterprets from a contextualist position traditional empirical studies.

Double-microtoming technique for snow studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
P K Satyawali ◽  
N K Sinha ◽  
D N Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Large Angle ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Thick Section ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Thermal Etching ◽  
Section Technique ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
Snow Samples

Classification of snow samples based on the thick-section method presents difficulty in recognizing the types of snow having similar structure. Using a double-microtoming technique together with thermal etching, textural details of vertical and horizontal thin sections of different snow samples are obtained. It has allowed us to examine the texture of different types of snow, which was not possible using the thick-section technique. This technique is capable of bringing out the grain or sub-grain boundaries and clearly shows the type of bonds between crystals (geometric or crystalline) using polarized light for relatively large-angle boundaries and thermal etching for small-angle boundaries. This way, one can characterize the texture of various snow types. The texture of snow that has not been studied so far is added information that can further classify a snow sample in addition to the common classes of snow. PACS No.: 92.40Rm

scholarly journals Automatic Diseases Detection and Classification in Maize Crop using Convolution Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-679
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Convolution Neural Network ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common

Maize is a major crop in Pakistan and it plays an important role in the economy of the country. However different types of plant diseases could affect both the quality and quantity of maize production. To cope with such issues, the majority of the farmers still depend on traditional methods, which are expensive, time-consuming, laborious, and not very effective. To address the issues, we proposed a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based solution for the detection and classification of different types of maize diseases. We used a publicly available free dataset of 4000 images. The images were classified into four categories. The first three categories represent the Common rust, Cercospora leaf spot grey, and Northern leaf blightand diseases, while the last category represents normal leaves. To test, implement, and evaluate the performance of our proposed method, we used a MATLAB simulation environment. We also compared our results with two other solutions, available in the literature. Our solution achieved 96.53 % accuracy. From the results, we concluded that the proposed method could be used for the automatic detection and classification of different types of maize diseases.

scholarly journals A proposal for the tagging of grammatical and pragmatic errors

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Luisa Carrió Pastor ◽  
Eva Mestre Mestre
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Grammar Acquisition ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
Types Of Error

Errors should be viewed as a key feature of language learning and language use. In this paper, we focus on the identification and classification of errors that are related to students’ grammar acquisition and pragmatic competence. Our objectives are, first, to propose the tagging of grammatical errors and pragmatic errors according to the competences of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and, second, to determine where there is a correspondence between the different types of error. In order to meet these objectives, we designed a grid to tag the pragmatic errors produced by students with a B1 level of proficiency. It was based on the errors found in a corpus of written texts produced by undergraduate students at the Universitat Politècnica de València. Students wrote specific assignments based on the proposals specified in the CEFR for the development of pragmatic and grammatical competences. The texts were corrected and tagged manually by raters, who classified the errors using the grids and considered whether the errors were grammatical or pragmatic. Finally, the conclusions of our study were that some grammatical and pragmatic errors coincided and that this correspondence should be taken into account by language teachers.

The Human Character Types in Ancient India

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-261
Author(s):  
Kenneth Zysk
Keyword(s):  
Female Character ◽  
Male Character ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Character Types

Abstract This paper is a study of the transmission and assimilation of ideas and motifs in different types of Sanskrit literature in ancient India. I examine the classification of both male and female character types in three different Sanskrit literary genres: Jyotiḥśāstra, Āyurveda and Nāṭyaśāstra. The results of the study indicate that the list of male character types offered in the early Jyotiḥśāstra treatise of Garga (Gārgīyajyotiṣa) dating from the beginning of the Common Era contributed in part to the formulations in Āyurveda and formed the basis of the version in the Nāṭyaśāstra. Early āyurvedic treatises expanded the list and organised the male character types according to the Sāṃkhyan guṇa-theory, and the Nāṭyaśāstra further increased the animal similes of Garga, changed the gender emphasis from male to female, and used Kāmaśāstra as the genre for introducting the catalogue of female character types into dramaturgy.

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

Explanatory Power for Medical Expert Systems: Studies in the Representation of Causal Relationships for Clinical Consultations

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wallis ◽  
E. H. Shortliffe
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Medical Expert Systems ◽  
Explanation System ◽  
Systems Studies

This paper reports on experiments designed to identify and implement mechanisms for enhancing the explanation capabilities of reasoning programs for medical consultation. The goals of an explanation system are discussed, as is the additional knowledge needed to meet these goals in a medical domain. We have focussed on the generation of explanations that are appropriate for different types of system users. This task requires a knowledge of what is complex and what is important; it is further strengthened by a classification of the associations or causal mechanisms inherent in the inference rules. A causal representation can also be used to aid in refining a comprehensive knowledge base so that the reasoning and explanations are more adequate. We describe a prototype system which reasons from causal inference rules and generates explanations that are appropriate for the user.

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