Legal Evolution in Response to Technological Change

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory N. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Law And Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Legal Responses

This introductory chapter to Part III examines whether there are generalizable lessons concerning law and its regulation of technology that we can learn from past experience with the law reacting to technological evolution. I suggest three insights from historical interactions between law and technological change: (1) pre-existing legal categories may no longer apply to new law and technology disputes; (2) legal decision makers should be mindful to avoid letting the marvels of a new technology distort their legal analysis; and (3) the types of legal disputes that will arise from new technology are often unforeseeable. These lessons are applicable across a wide range of technologies, legal fields, and contexts to aid in determining current and future legal responses to technological development.

Technological Evolution and Radical Innovation

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Sood ◽  
Gerard J. Tellis
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Competitive Dynamics ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Circular Definitions ◽  
Growth Firms ◽  
S Curve ◽  
Key Questions

Technological change is perhaps the most powerful engine of growth in markets today. To harness this source of growth, firms need answers to key questions about the dynamics of technological change: (1) How do new technologies evolve? (2) How do rival technologies compete? and (3) How do firms deal with technological evolution? Currently, the literature suggests that a new technology seems to evolve along an S-shaped path, which starts below that of an old technology, intersects it once, and ends above the old technology. This belief is based on scattered empirical evidence and some circular definitions. Using new definitions and data on 14 technologies from four markets, the authors examine the shape and competitive dynamics of technological evolution. The results contradict the prediction of a single S-curve. Instead, technological evolution seems to follow a step function, with sharp improvements in performance following long periods of no improvement. Moreover, paths of rival technologies may cross more than once or not at all.

From Law and Technology to Law as Technology

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran Tranter
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Law And Technology ◽  
Legal Responses ◽  
The Future ◽  
Frankenstein Myth

This chapter argues that law can be seen as technological when, ironically, law is called to respond to technological change. Through a focus on the legal responses to cloning, it is shown that the called-for laws were responding to visions of cloning futures directly sourced from science fiction. Having located these legal acts within science fiction, the essential elements of this future-oriented process – monstrous technology, vulnerable humanity and saving law – can be seen. This will be identified as the ‘Frankenstein myth.’ What is revealed is that science fiction holds the technical and legal together at the level of substantive dreaming and also at the level of basic commitments. The irony intrudes at this point. This saving law that can determine the future has a particular character. It is a species of pure power, manufactured through procedure in the present to determine the future. It appears to have the same characteristics that have been ascribed to technology. With this the categories established by the Frankenstein myth of ‘technology’, ‘humanity’ and ‘law’ seem to be imploded. What is glimpsed is the singularity of technical legality.

scholarly journals Measuring technological change in agriculture: an application based on the ces production function

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-223
Author(s):  
Kalevi Hemilä
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Cattle Husbandry ◽  
Near Future

The purpose of this study is to analyse and measure the technological change that has occurred in agriculture. The study is primarily methodological with the focus on development of a method for measuring technological change and on testing this method. The study is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The most common methods for measuring technological change are examined in the theoretical part of the study together with the concepts connected with a technological change and its characteristics. The empirical part tests the applicability of the measuring method based on the CES function for estimating the parameters of technological change in agriculture. To a great extent the parameter estimates calculated conform with what was anticipated. Technological change will continue to be a very important source of productivity growth. By adapting to new technology our small farms can develop very fast in terms of structure and productivity. It appears that technological development will continue to proceed along the lines described in this study in the near future. Technological change can be expected to be capital-using and labour-saving. It will also have a considerable influence on increasing output, especially in cattle husbandry.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

Ochrona dziedzictwa kulturowego a działania na dużych szybkozmiennych zbiorach danych – perspektywa kryminologiczna

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Szymon Buczyński
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Cultural Organizations ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Huge Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Processing Techniques

Recent technological revolutions in data and communication systemsenable us to generate and share data much faster than ever before. Sophisticated data tools aim to improve knowledge and boost confdence. That technological tools will only get better and user-friendlier over the years, big datacan be considered an important tool for the arts and culture sector. Statistical analysis, econometric methods or data mining techniques could pave theway towards better understanding of the mechanisms occurring on the artmarket. Moreover crime reduction and prevention challenges in today’sworld are becoming increasingly complex and are in need of a new techniquethat can handle the vast amount of information that is being generated. Thisarticle provides an examination of a wide range of new technological innovations (IT) that have applications in the areas of culture preservation andheritage protection. The author provides a description of recent technological innovations, summarize the available research on the extent of adoptionon selected examples, and then review the available research on the eachform of new technology. Furthermore the aim of this paper is to explore anddiscuss how big data analytics affect innovation and value creation in cultural organizations and shape consumer behavior in cultural heritage, arts andcultural industries. This paper discusses also the likely impact of big dataanalytics on criminological research and theory. Digital criminology supports huge data base in opposition to conventional data processing techniques which are not only in suffcient but also out dated. This paper aims atclosing a gap in the academic literature showing the contribution of a bigdata approach in cultural economics, policy and management both froma theoretical and practice-based perspective. This work is also a startingpoint for further research.

Polymer Chemistry

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cyclic Oligomers ◽  
Step Growth

Polymer Chemistry: A Practical Approach in Chemistry has been designed for both chemists working in and new to the area of polymer synthesis. It contains detailed instructions for preparation of a wide-range of polymers by a wide variety of different techniques, and describes how this synthetic methodology can be applied to the development of new materials. It includes details of well-established techniques, e.g. chain-growth or step-growth processes together with more up-to-date examples using methods such as atom-transfer radical polymerization. Less well-known procedures are also included, e.g. electrochemical synthesis of conducting polymers and the preparation of liquid crystalline elastomers with highly ordered structures. Other topics covered include general polymerization methodology, controlled/"living" polymerization methods, the formation of cyclic oligomers during step-growth polymerization, the synthesis of conducting polymers based on heterocyclic compounds, dendrimers, the preparation of imprinted polymers and liquid crystalline polymers. The main bulk of the text is preceded by an introductory chapter detailing some of the techniques available to the scientist for the characterization of polymers, both in terms of their chemical composition and in terms of their properties as materials. The book is intended not only for the specialist in polymer chemistry, but also for the organic chemist with little experience who requires a practical introduction to the field.

Revisiting the Factors Influencing Teaching Choice Framework: Exploring What Fits with Virtual Teaching

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110153
Author(s):  
Sudhir Rana ◽  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
Shubham Singhania ◽  
Shubhangi Verma ◽  
Moon Moon Haque
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Teaching Efficacy ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Virtual Teaching

The present study revisits the Factors Influencing Teaching Choice (FIT-Choice) framework and explores what motivates business management academicians in teaching virtually. The revisit is based on a quantitative cross-sectional research design using 256 responses collected from in-service business management academicians teaching post-graduate business courses in India, through a structured questionnaire. The exercise of revisiting the FIT-Choice framework in the context of virtual teaching in business management courses led us to find four new variables, that is, task demand and expert career, teaching efficacy, knowledge assimilation and institutional utility value, as well as suggest revising teaching and learning experience, task returns and values. The results reveal that some additional factors motivating business academicians are teaching efficacy, content expertise, learning of new technology, futuristic growth and opportunities, alternative career opportunities and personal branding. The study provides suggestions to the apex bodies, regulators of higher education and institutions to take a call on motivational and influential factors while drafting the job requirements in business schools. Finally, the study emphasizes the importance of infrastructural and technological development required to be achieved by higher education institutions.

Technological Change and the International System

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen V. Milner ◽  
Sondre Ulvund Solstad
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
International System ◽  
New Technology ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Adoption Of New Technology

ABSTRACTDo world politics affect the adoption of new technology? States overwhelmingly rely on technology invented abroad, and their differential intensity of technology use accounts for many of their differences in economic development. Much of the literature on technology adoption focuses on domestic conditions. The authors argue instead that the structure of the international system is critical because it affects the level of competition among states, which in turn affects leaders’ willingness to enact policies that speed technology adoption. Countries adopt new technology as they seek to avoid being vulnerable to attack or coercion by other countries. By systematically examining states’ adoption of technology over the past two hundred years, the authors find that countries adopt new technologies faster when the international system is less concentrated, that changes in systemic concentration have a temporally causal effect on technology adoption, and that government policies to promote technology adoption are related to concerns about rising international competition. A competitive international system is an important incentive for technological change and may underlie global technology waves.

scholarly journals Overview of Popular Techniques of Raman Spectroscopy and Their Potential in the Study of Plant Tissues

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Aneta Saletnik ◽  
Bogdan Saletnik ◽  
Czesław Puchalski
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Identification Technique

Raman spectroscopy is one of the main analytical techniques used in optical metrology. It is a vibration, marker-free technique that provides insight into the structure and composition of tissues and cells at the molecular level. Raman spectroscopy is an outstanding material identification technique. It provides spatial information of vibrations from complex biological samples which renders it a very accurate tool for the analysis of highly complex plant tissues. Raman spectra can be used as a fingerprint tool for a very wide range of compounds. Raman spectroscopy enables all the polymers that build the cell walls of plants to be tracked simultaneously; it facilitates the analysis of both the molecular composition and the molecular structure of cell walls. Due to its high sensitivity to even minute structural changes, this method is used for comparative tests. The introduction of new and improved Raman techniques by scientists as well as the constant technological development of the apparatus has resulted in an increased importance of Raman spectroscopy in the discovery and defining of tissues and the processes taking place in them.

Developing Tools for New Technology Studies: An Anthropological Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
María Santos ◽  
María Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Technological Style ◽  
Technological Artifacts ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Symbolic Processes ◽  
Technological Experience

Anthropology seeks the meanings of standard or repeated behaviors, social processes, or human creations. This is why anthropologists have explored alien and/or distant social settings. What happens when we try to answer the same questions in our own contexts? In other words, how can we use anthropological theories and tools to discover the meaning of the development and adoption of technological artifacts and processes within our own cultural groups? In this article, we suggest that this can be partly achieved through the generation and exchange of theoretical tools. To this end, we propose the concepts of "technical-symbolic trajectories" and "technological style." These have been drawn from our field research and include influences from disciplines other than anthropology. They are then used to generate mid-range explanations to understand: (1) the symbolic processes that, in conjunction with other social, political, and economic forces, shape a specific and identifiable trajectory of technological development and (2) the technical resources, behaviors, and discourses that actors use to achieve the cultural objectives incorporated into any technological experience.

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