CONDITIONS FOR FORMING TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY OF SCHOOLBOYS

The article highlights the problem of the formation of technological literacy in the context of modern education. The interest on the part of society and the state in the formation of technologically competent personnel has been substantiated. The theoretical aspects of technological literacy are considered, as well as the concepts of technological literacy, technological culture and technological competence are differentiated. Technological literacy itself was viewed in three contexts: - as a property of the student's personality; -as an educational goal; - as a response of the education system to social demand. The request from the state is represented by a set of regulatory documents that determine the requirements for the quality and content of the educational process. The paper lists the main forms of thinking necessary for the formation of technological literacy, defines the pedagogical goals of technological education. The conditions for the formation of technological literacy in the form of a system of factors are described. Special attention is paid to the technological literacy of the teacher and the mechanism of the successive transfer of personal technological experience from teacher to student is described.

The Imperial Russian Navy in the Epoch of Turbomachinery: On the history of the arms industry

Восстановление надводного флота Российской империи в 1906–1917 гг. происходило в условиях революционных сдвигов в мировой кораблестроительной технике. Произошел переход от традиционных поршневых паровых машин в качестве главного двигателя к турбинным механизмам. Для самостоятельного изготовления судовых турбин машиностроительным заводам в империи не хватало мощного металлургического оборудования и технологического опыта. В условиях спешной подготовки к войне правительство пожертвовало традиционным официальным принципом — строить все у себя, из отечественных материалов, своими силами. Турбинные двигатели для всех классов кораблей царский флот получал из Германии, Англии, Швейцарии и США. В России же производство турбин в основном сводилось к механической обработке стальных заготовок, полученных от зарубежных поставщиков, и последующей сборки под руководством специалистов из авторитетных в данной области западных фирм. В историографии вопроса наблюдается систематическое противоречие: достоверное фактически описание кораблестроительной практики, как правило, опровергает обобщения, основанные на преувеличенных представлениях о достигнутом заводской техникой России научно-производственном уровне. The restoration of the Imperial Russian surface fleet in 1900–1917 took place during major technological shifts in world shipbuilding. It was the time of transition from traditional reciprocating steam engines to turbine mechanisms. The Empire’s machine-building plants lacked powerful metallurgical equipment and technological experience required for production of ship turbines. Within the circumstances of rapid war preparations, the government shifted from traditional principles of self-production, towards using international resources and powers. The Imperial Russian Navy was supplied by turbine engines for all classes of ships by Germany, England, Switzerland and the USA. Turbine engines in Russia were manufactured by processing steel templates provided by foreign suppliers. Further construction of the engines took place under the supervision of experienced western entities. A systematic contradiction in the historiography on this issue can be seen. The author reveals a verified factually based descriptions of the shipmanufacturing process, and disapproves past general conclusions, which were based on the exaggerated notions about the level of Russian scientific and technological development.

Good Practices in the Use of Augmented Reality for the Dissemination of Architectural Heritage of Rural Areas

When it concerns dissemination, the relationship between cultural heritage and technology has not always been easy. On the one hand, the emotions involved in knowing, enjoying, and feeling a real heritage remain should not be eclipsed by the technological experience. On the other hand, technology cannot be relegated to the point where its use is so superficial as to make it irrelevant. Hence, in the search of good practices in the dissemination of cultural heritage, it is essential that interdisciplinary work teams, composed of humanists and technicians, design new experiences that try to achieve a balance between what must be shown and the way in which it is done. This paper aims to show the potential of augmented reality (AR) for the dissemination of cultural heritage, since it allows the perceiving of real remains while offering virtual reconstructions and complementary information, sounds, images, etc. A bibliometric analysis focusing on its use for the preservation of the memory of vernacular architecture is made. Then, from the understanding and interpretation of the ideas exposed in literature, a decalogue of good practices in the use of AR for architectural heritage is established considering the holistic perspectives that any dissemination initiative must have. These initiatives can attract people to rural areas and contribute to the improvement of their social and economic situation. As an example, a proof of concept of an AR experience is presented at the end of the paper.

Teaching Sentiment in Emergency Online Learning—A Conceptual Model

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education institutions with a face-to-face model have found themselves in the contingency of migrating to online learning. This study explores the perspective of all the lecturers at a Portuguese private higher education institution who were invited to participate, regardless of their research area, in this questionnaire. It aims to propose and test a conceptual model that combines attitudes, preferred activities, and technological experience with the sentiment about the impact of this experience on students’ learning process, on their teaching activity, and on the strategy of higher education institutions. An online questionnaire was conducted to 65 lecturers engaging in emergency online lecturing. The obtained results showed that lecturers reveal a positive attitude towards online lecturing, tend to prefer activities in which they feel most comfortable in face-to-face lecturing, and consider having technological experience useful for online activities. Lecturers have a positive sentiment about the impact of online learning on students’ learning, their faculty career, and the strategy of higher education institutions. The proposed conceptual model test shows that the model has well-fitting conditions. The results confirm the hypotheses formulated: namely, the predictive effect of attitude, preferred activities, and technological experience on sentiment. Faculty engagement in emergency online lecturing shows that the members are available to participate in the changing process, and the proposed conceptual model can be used to assess this readiness.

Women and STEM Education in Nigeria

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education teach the four disciplines in an interdisciplinary and applied approach. Globally, the STEM areas are in the forefront of economic development. The government of Nigeria has already forged partnerships and is drawing upon the technological experience of other countries to build new STEM learning opportunities for Nigerian students. The federal government has established several federal universities of science and technology with the sole purpose of improving the teaching of STEM areas. Traditional education in Nigeria challenges range from poverty, poor school funding, poorly trained teachers, inadequate learning aids, incessant strikes, among others. It is time that Nigeria realizes that women and girls continue to be extremely underrepresented in the sciences and incorporate them in the new programme because ensuring that more girls receive a quality education will reap dividends for the safety, security, and prosperity of the nation and for the next generations.

China, Singapore and Kazakhstan: experience of international technological cooperation

In modern conditions, the role of international industrial cooperation is increasing. Global industrial cooperation goes beyond normal interstate trade, direct cooperative link, and occupational production, foreign investment cooperation, and joint scientific and technical activities. International technological exchange, which serves as the dissemination of scientific and technological progress, also affects the effectiveness of the entire cycle of work, from development to commercial application. The forms of technology swapping are determined by the characteristics of the transferred technology and the characteristics of the subjects of the transfer process. The recipient of a technology or technologically intensive product gets the opportunity to assimilate most of the partner's scientific and technological experience. The article researches certain aspects of the technological development of Asian countries such as Singapore and China, whose experience in the area of successful international technological exchange is interesting to Kazakhstan and other countries that seek to actively integrate into global technological processes. The article assesses the existing systems for supporting innovations and stimulating high-tech industries in Kazakhstan. The article also provides an expert opinion of a foreign expert, Deputy Director of the Singapore organization the Action Community for Entrepreneurship, Brian Patrick Tan, as well as representatives of the venture Fund “Qaz Tech Venture” on the potential of integrating Kazakhstan into the international scientific and technical space.

IDDEN OIL CONTAMINATION RESPONSE USING METHOD OF NATURAL BIOREMEDIATION STIMULATION

A description of causes of occurrence and consequences associated with late detection of a hidden man-induced contamination as well as materials of the experimental works on rehabilitation of a historically contaminated area located in the Atyrau region allowing to considerably reduce concentrations of contaminants (petroleum products) in soil-water bearing horizon in 2016-2019 is provided in this article. In the framework of anticipated activities on the area rehabilitation, a bioremediation of the contaminated ground water and soil layer has been undertaken using a method stimulating natural processes of the biological remediation based on a compulsory oxygen aeration of the contaminated soil layer with the purpose ofthe accelerated development of oil oxidizing bacteria community. The method provided in this article is an innovating pilot project implemented in the area of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is based on the technological experience from the international practice, where a closed wells network was applied for injection of biostimulating reactants to solve similar tasks. At the same time, considering its adaptation to the local natural conditions, the tested method has appropriate distinctions from the alternatives both in terms of technological system of free drainage and bioremediation process efficiency control, and in terms the reactants applied for biostimulation

Technology Acceptance and Information System Success of a Mobile Electronic Platform for Nonphysician Clinical Students in Zambia: Prospective, Nonrandomized Intervention Study

Background Zambia is still experiencing a severe shortage of health workers, which is impacting the national health care system. Very few people are trained, educational infrastructure is inadequate, and senior human resources for training are not yet sufficient to produce the number of health care workers needed, especially for currently underserved rural areas. Therefore, to strengthen the medical education program of medical licentiates, we implemented a tablet-based electronic learning platform (e-platform) with a medical decision-support component. Objective As the primary objective, this study aimed to explore the acceptance and information system (IS) success of an e-platform focused on offline-based tablet usage for nonphysician clinical students in a low-resource context in Zambia, Africa. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate student demographic factors and prior technological experience, as well as medical lecturers’ acceptance of technology of the e-platform. Methods We collected data for the study before and after the intervention. Before the intervention, we collected student demographic data and prior technological experience using a questionnaire. After the intervention, we collected results of the questionnaire on technology acceptance of students and IS success of the e-platform, as well as technology acceptance of medical lecturers. We calculated statistical measures such as means, standard deviations, and correlations of investigated variables. The study report was compiled using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials-Electronic Health checklist. Results Overall, questionnaire results of students and medical lecturers indicated acceptance of the e-platform and showed higher ratings for overall net benefits and information quality (students) and perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness (medical lecturers) as compared with ratings of other categories. The lowest scores were conveyed for system use and service quality (students) and attitude and behavioral intention (medical lecturers). Conclusions Acceptance of the e-platform as a learning technology for strengthening medical education in a low-resource context in Zambia was generally high for students and medical lecturers, but shortcomings were also identified. Results indicated low overall usage of the e-platform as a learning and teaching tool. One hindering factor was the tablets’ overall weak reliability with regard to its service life and battery life span, and another was the teachers’ low engagement with the e-platform. Next steps may include other hardware and more technology-based training for medical lecturers. The evaluation results indicated that the e-platform may open new promise for further strengthening and expanding medical education in this context, especially with more affordable and viable technologies that are available.