Conversation Analysis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel A. Schegloff
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Analytic Work ◽  
Ordinary Conversation ◽  
Selection Of

The text that follows offers in its first section four early engagements with brief bits of ordinary conversation that launched the form of analysis known as conversation-analytic work. This is followed by five subsections that sketch five of the several domains of analysis central to conversation analysis over the last fifty or so years: turns and turn constructions; sequences of actions-through-talk; trouble in talking actions and repair of that trouble; selection of words that compose the turns that compose the sequences; the overall structural organization of talk-in-interaction whether in recurrent clusters or sustained occasions of conversation. A brief upshot brings the text to conclusion.

Intonazione e significato: l’esempio dell’italiano regionale di Bergamo

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
Giorgio Antonioli ◽  
Manuela Caterina Moroni
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Distinctive Type ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In this paper we present a selection of preliminary results of our research project “Intonation and Meaning”, in which we compare recurrent intonation contours in German and Italian regional varieties. We apply the method of German Interactional Prosody Research (Interaktionale Prosodieforschung), which in turn is based on Conversation Analysis, to a sample of selfcollected empirical data. Our aim is to show the value of intonation as a resource to contextualize speech activities and to point out form-function relationships between intonation patterns and speech act types. In this respect, we observe the usage of intonation contours with rising accent (L*H) and with falling accent (H*L) in the utterance of question activities, and provide evidence for the fact that the latter represent a distinctive type of questions with epistemic presupposition, whereas L*H correlates rather with default, modally unmarked questions.

Context-sensitivity in conversation: Eye gaze and the German repair initiatorbitte?

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Egbert
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Telephone Conversation ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Mutual Gaze ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Context Free ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTJust as turn-taking has been found to be both context-free and context-sensitive (Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson 1974), the organization of repair is also shown here to be both context-free and context-sensitive. In a comparison of American and German conversation, repair can be shown to be context-free in that, basically, the same mechanism can be found across these two languages. However, repair is also sensitive to the linguistic inventory of a given language; in German, morphological marking, syntactic constraints, and grammatical congruity across turns are used as interactional resources. In addition, repair is sensitive to certain characteristics of social situations. The selection of a particular repair initiator, Germanbitte?‘pardon?’, indexes that there is no mutual gaze between interlocutors; i.e., there is no common course of action. The selection ofbitte?not only initiates repair; it also spurs establishment of mutual gaze, and thus displays that there is attention to a common focus. (Conversation analysis, context, cross-linguistic analysis, repair, gaze, telephone conversation, co-present interaction, grammar and interaction)

Theorizing power: Weber, Parsons, Foucault and neostructuralism

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Heiskala
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Practical Issue ◽  
Phenomenological Sociology ◽  
Case Comparison ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The article is an attempt to develop a synthetic conception of power based on Weber's, Parsons's and Foucault's writings. The aim is, first, to build a bridge between the so-called resource theories of power (Weber, Parsons) and the structural approach (Foucault) and, second, to do this in the form of a conception which would be usable on both macro- and micro-levels at the same time. Four theories are discussed: (1) the distributive approach (Weber); (2) the collective approach (Parsons); (3) the structural approach (Foucault); and (4) the neostructuralist approach (this article). It is argued that these approaches can be ordered on a scale on which the complexity of analysis increases as one moves from (1) to (4), and that the selection of an appropriate level of analysis in an empirical study is a practical issue relative to the aim of the study. The types of analyses characteristic of the more complex levels are illustrated by a discussion of the problem posed by Big Case Comparison in historical sociology (level 3) and everyday conversation (level 4), including comments on phenomenological sociology and conversation analysis.

1. CONVERSATION ANALYSIS AND APPLIED LINGUISTICS

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 3-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel A. Schegloff ◽  
Irene Koshik ◽  
Sally Jacoby ◽  
David Olsher
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Analytic Work ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Assessment Tasks ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Word Selection

Conversation Analysis (CA) as a mode of inquiry is addressed to all forms of talk and other conduct in interaction, and, accordingly, touches on the concerns of applied linguists at many points. This review sketches and offers bibliographical guidance on several of the major relevant areas of conversation-analytic work—turn-taking, repair, and word selection—and indicates past or potential points of contact with applied linguistics. After covering these areas, we include a brief discussion of some key themes in CA's treatment of talk in institutional contexts. Finally, we discuss several established areas of applied linguistic work in which conversation analytic work is being explored—native, nonnative, and multilingual talk; talk in educational institutions; grammar and interaction; intercultural communication and comparative CA; and implications for designing language teaching tasks, materials, and assessment tasks. We end with some cautions on applying CA findings to other applied linguistic research contexts.

Withholding and pursuit in the development of skills in interaction and language

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Filipi
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Sequence Structure ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Ordinary Conversation ◽  
Children First

Withholding and pursuit are well-documented phenomena in talk between adults and in talk with children. They have been described as working to perform various functions that emerge locally between speakers in a variety of interactional contexts both in ordinary conversation and in institutional talk.In this paper I explore further the actions of pursuit and withholding in interaction between parents and their very young children, first described in Filipi (2003, 2009) by going beyond description and by examining how these features might be implicated in learning. Longitudinal change is thus a focus of the analysis. Examples of talk are drawn from one child aged from 11 to 24 months interacting with members of her family.Applying the microanalytic approach of Conversation Analysis, the study reports four contexts in which pursuit emerges as an important resource. They are pursuit relevant to sequence structure, linguistic pursuit, pursuit of understanding and pursuit of a particular response token. Analysis shows that while the adults orient to the need to move the action forward, particularly observable in the Summons/Response adjacency pair, withholding of completion can occur at any time in order for parent and child to work on particular skills. Finally, I argue that the micro details of the actions of withholding and pursuit provide a particularly useful lens with which to observe the dynamic qualities of asymmetry. Keywords: parent child interaction; Conversation Analysis; language development; asymmetry; withholding; pursuit

Prosodic features of bad news and good news in conversation

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Freese ◽  
Douglas W. Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Good News ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sequential Organization ◽  
Ordinary Conversation

ABSTRACTRecent work suggests the importance of integrating prosodic research with research on the sequential organization of ordinary conversation. This paper examines how interactants use prosody as a resource in the joint accomplishment of delivered news as good or bad. Analysis of approximately 100 naturally occurring conversational news deliveries reveals that both good and bad news are presented and received with characteristic prosodic features that are consistent with expression of joy and sorrow, respectively, as described in the existing literature on prosody. These prosodic features are systematically deployed in each of the four turns of the prototypical news delivery sequence. Proposals and ratifications of the valence of a delivery are often made prosodically in the initial turns of the prototypical four-turn news delivery, while lexical assessments of news are often made later. When prosody is used to propose the valence of an item of news, subsequent lexical assessments tend to be alignments with these earlier ascriptions of valence, rather than independent appraisals of the news. (Bad news, good news, conversation analysis, prosody, sequencing).

Preference organisation in teacher-supervisor talk

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 137-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Postgraduate Student ◽  
Feedback Session ◽  
University Supervisor ◽  
Ordinary Conversation

Abstract This paper uses conversation analysis to examine a feedback session between a postgraduate student of TESOL and a university supervisor who had just watched her lesson. The feedbacsk session seemed unsatisfactory to the supervisor and the analysis suggests that this could have been due to the role of trainee being resisted by the teacher. Evidence for this in the talk is examined in detail, in particular the number and shape of dispreferred responses found. It would seem that the rules of ordinary conversation may influence these feedback sessions just as much as the conventions connected with the institutional setting of the talk.

Conversational Analysis in L2 Acquisition and Teaching

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 72-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Scarcella
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lecture Notes ◽  
Ordinary Conversation

Over the past ten years, conversational analysis “CA” has come to wield a significant influence on second language “L2” acquisition and teaching. It originally developed out of a school of sociology called ethnomethodology, develped by Garginkel (1967). Following the work of Garfinkel, Sacks and his colleagues, Schegloff and Jefferson, establised CA, the study of the structural organization of ordinary conversation,. Sack' lecture notes (1964–1972), which comprise appeoximately 2,000 pages, continue to provide a foundation for contemporary CA. In explaining why he developed a framework for CA, Sacks states:

scholarly journals ANALISIS TOPIK DALAM WACANA DIALOG BAHASA JEPANG

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanum Wulandri
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Topic Analysis ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Conversational Structure ◽  
Selection Of

     Abstrak Analisis Topik dalam Wacana Dialog Bahasa Jepang. Dalam analisis wacana, terdapat istlah yang dinamakan topik. Topik dapat diidentifikasi pada saat dilakukan analisis wacana dalam rangka memahami konteks yang mendukung wacana tersebut. Dalam percakapan (dialog) sehari-hari, kadang-kadang muncul dua atau lebih topik diskusi yang berbeda sumber dari topik awal peecakapan atau disebut pergesean topik. Fenomena yang menjadi fokus perhatian penelitian ini adalah topik percakapan, struktur percakapan kelompok pedagang berdasarkan topik, dan budaya yang tergambar dalam seleksi topik dan variasi bahasa yang berbeda.Kata kunci: analisis percakapan, topik, perubahan topik, nilai budaya, kesempatan berbicara  Abstract Topic Analysis in Japaness Language Conversation Discourse. in the conversation analysis, there is a thing commonly called topic. Topic that can be identified when discourse analysis to understand the context of the discourse that supports it. In daily conversation, sometimes appear two or more of the topics discussed are of course different from the initial topic of conversation or also called shift the topic. The phenomenon that became the focus of this research is the topic of conversation, conversational structure in the form of markers associated with topicalitation and culture in the form of variety of a language and the selection of topics.Keywords: Conversation analysis, topic, topic exchange, cultural values and turn taking

scholarly journals Cyto-, fi broarchitectonics and vascularization of the external (red) zone of the coypu’s meniscus

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
V. Novak ◽  
O. Bevz ◽  
A. Melnychenko ◽  
N. Prysiazhniuk ◽  
Ye. Nechiporuk
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Meniscus Repair ◽  
External Zone ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Meniscus Regeneration ◽  
Selection Of

Meniscus injuries are recognized as the cause of significant morbidity of the musculoskeletal system. Features of the structural organization of the various meniscus zones are a necessaryfor understanding pathologies associated with the knee joint. This will expand and deepen micromorphological knowledge and practically apply during the choice of treatment tactics for meniscus preservation, suturing during reconstructive meniscus repair, reduce the risk of vascular injuries, and make it possible to use tissue engineering for meniscus regeneration. Indeed, today it is known that only the preservation of menisci or a slight ectomy of the inner zone, which cannot be restored with signifi cant injury, can preserve the health and biomechanics of the knee joint. The aim of our work was to determine the characteristics of the cyto- and fi bromorphological characteristics, as well as the degree of vascularization of the external (red) zone of the lateral and medial menisci of the knee joint in foot-moving coypus. A complex of histological and neurohistological research methods was used in the work. The patented neurohistological method of impregnation is performed in its own algorithm. The selection of animals was carried out according to the type of specialization of the limb to the substrate. As a result of histological examination, it was found that cyto-fi broarchitectonics of the external (red) zone of the latera l and medial menisci of the coypus has general biological signs, and species-specifi city is characteristic of vascularization. The external (red) zone of the coypu’s meniscus is similar in st ructure to the dense, formed connective tissue. Cytoarchitectonics is represented by of the fi broblastic typecells: fi brocytes, fi broblasts and undiff erentiated stem cells, which are localized between collagen fi bers individually, in pairs, in a chain or in short rows. Fibroarchitectonics – tightly packed bundles of collagen fi bers with a pronounced parallel orientation. The medial meniscus has saturated zones of intraorgan vascular nutrition due to dilated, anastomosing capillary branches formed by perforations with perimeniscal broad-loop microcirculation nets that occupy large areas and form vascular fi elds, as well as numerous vascular glomeruli. In the lateral meniscus, the vascularization zone is characterized by limited capillary branches, interval and small penetration by capillaries of the meniscus red zone, and limited, localized perimeniscal nets. Key words: fi brocytes, fi broblasts, collagen fi bers, vascularization, vascular glomeruli, external zone, red zone, meniscus, knee joint, coypu.

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