scholarly journals PUB4, a CERK1-Interacting Ubiquitin Ligase, Positively Regulates MAMP-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2573-2583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitake Desaki ◽  
Shohei Takahashi ◽  
Kenta Sato ◽  
Kanako Maeda ◽  
Saki Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Defense Gene Expression ◽  
Callose Deposition

Abstract Lysin motif (LysM) receptor-like kinase CERK1 is a co-receptor essential for plant immune responses against carbohydrate microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Concerning the immediate downstream signaling components of CERK1, receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases such as PBL27 and other RLCK VII members have been reported to regulate immune responses positively. In this study, we report that a novel CERK1-interacting E3 ubiquitin ligase, PUB4, is also involved in the regulation of MAMP-triggered immune responses. Knockout of PUB4 resulted in the alteration of chitin-induced defense responses, indicating that PUB4 positively regulates reactive oxygen species generation and callose deposition but negatively regulates MAPK activation and defense gene expression. On the other hand, detailed analyses of a double knockout mutant of pub4 and sid2, a mutant of salicylic acid (SA) synthesis pathway, showed that the contradictory phenotype of the pub4 mutant was actually caused by abnormal accumulation of SA in this mutant and that PUB4 is a positive regulator of immune responses. The present and recent findings on the role of PUB4 indicate that PUB4 is a unique E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the regulation of both plant immunity and growth/development.

scholarly journals Overexpression of OsPUB41, a Rice E3 ubiquitin ligase induced by cell wall degrading enzymes, enhances immune responses in Rice and Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Rajendra Kachewar ◽  
Vishal Gupta ◽  
Ashish Ranjan ◽  
Hitendra Kumar Patel ◽  
Ramesh V. Sonti
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Transient Overexpression ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Abstract Background Cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) induce plant immune responses and E3 ubiquitin ligases are known to play important roles in regulating plant defenses. Expression of the rice E3 ubiquitin ligase, OsPUB41, is enhanced upon treatment of leaves with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) secreted CWDEs such as Cellulase and Lipase/Esterase. However, it is not reported to have a role in elicitation of immune responses. Results Expression of the rice E3 ubiquitin ligase, OsPUB41, is induced when rice leaves are treated with either CWDEs, pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or pathogens. Overexpression of OsPUB41 leads to induction of callose deposition, enhanced tolerance to Xoo and Rhizoctonia solani infection in rice and Arabidopsis respectively. In rice, transient overexpression of OsPUB41 leads to enhanced expression of PR genes and SA as well as JA biosynthetic and response genes. However, in Arabidopsis, ectopic expression of OsPUB41 results in upregulation of only JA biosynthetic and response genes. Transient overexpression of either of the two biochemically inactive mutants (OsPUB41C40A and OsPUB41V51R) of OsPUB41 in rice and stable transgenics in Arabidopsis ectopically expressing OsPUB41C40A failed to elicit immune responses. This indicates that the E3 ligase activity of OsPUB41 protein is essential for induction of plant defense responses. Conclusion The results presented here suggest that OsPUB41 is possibly involved in elicitation of CWDE triggered immune responses in rice.

scholarly journals The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ATL9 Affects Expression of Defense Related Genes, Cell Death and Callose Deposition in Response to Fungal Infection

Pathogens ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Tingwei Guo ◽  
Feng Kong ◽  
Carter Burton ◽  
Steven Scaglione ◽  
Blake Beagles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Insertional Mutants ◽  
Protein Ubiquitination

Plants use diverse strategies to defend themselves from biotic stresses in nature, which include the activation of defense gene expression and a variety of signal transduction pathways. Previous studies have shown that protein ubiquitination plays a critical role in plant defense responses, however the details of its function remain unclear. Our previous work has shown that increasing expression levels of ATL9, an E3 ubiquitin ligase in Arabidopsis thaliana, increased resistance to infection by the fungal pathogen, Golovinomyces cichoracearum. In this study, we demonstrate that the defense-related proteins PDF1.2, PCC1 and FBS1 directly interact with ATL9 and are targeted for degradation to the proteasome by ATL9. The expression levels of PDF1.2, PCC1 and FBS1 are decreased in T-DNA insertional mutants of atl9 and T-DNA insertional mutants of pdf1.2, pcc1 and fbs1 are more susceptible to fungal infection. In addition, callose is more heavily deposited at infection sites in the mutants of atl9, fbs1, pcc1 and pdf1.2. Overexpression of ATL9 and of mutants in fbs1, pcc1 and pdf1.2 showed increased levels of cell death during infection. Together these results indicate that ubiquitination, cell death and callose deposition may work together to enhance defense responses to fungal pathogens.

scholarly journals A small cysteine-rich phytotoxic protein of Phytophthora capsici functions as both plant defense elicitor and virulence factor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Hui Zhang ◽  
Jinghao Jin ◽  
Gui-Lin Sheng ◽  
Yu-Ping Xing ◽  
Wang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Defense Gene Expression ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Defense Gene

Small cysteine-rich (SCR) proteins including fungal avirulence proteins play important roles in the pathogen-plant interactions. SCR protein-encoding genes have been discovered in the genomes of Phytophthora pathogens, but their functions during the pathogenesis remain obscure. Here, we report the characterization of one Phytophthora capsici SCR protein, namely SCR82 with similarity to Phytophthora cactorum phytotoxic protein PcF. The scr82 gene has 10 allelic sequences in the P. capsici population. Homologues of SCR82 were not identified in fungi or other organisms but in Phytophthora relative species. Initially scr82 was weakly expressed during the mycelium, sporangium and zoospore stages, but quickly upregulated when the infection initiated. Both ectopic expression of SCR82 and recombinant yeast-expressed protein (rSCR82) caused cell death on tomato leaves. Upon treatment, rSCR82 induced plant defense responses including the induction of defense gene expression, reactive oxygen species burst and callose deposition. Knockout of scr82 in P. capsici by CRISPR/Cas9 severely impaired its virulence on host plants and reduced significantly its resistance againstoxidative stress. Inversely, its overexpression increased the pathogen’s virulence and tolerance to oxidative stress. Our results collectively demonstrate that SCR82 functions as both an important virulence factor and plant defense elicitor, which is conserved across Phytophthora species.

scholarly journals Induction of GLUTAMINE DUMPER1 reveals a link between amino acid export, abscisic acid, and immune responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Yu ◽  
Delasa Aghamirzaie ◽  
Kim Harich ◽  
Eva Collakova ◽  
Ruth Grene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Amino Acid Homeostasis

ABSTRACTAmino acid homeostasis in plants is finely tuned to match developmental needs and response to adverse environments. Over-expression of the single-transmembrane domain protein GLUTAMINE DUMPER1 (GDU1) leads to increased amino acid export, reduced growth and constitutive induction of immune responses. We used an inducible gene expression system to tease apart the primary and secondary effects caused by GDU1, and demonstrated that the primary effect is increasing amino acid export, followed by increased amino acid content and abscisic acid (ABA) response, and a subsequent activation of defense responses. The GDU1-mediated hypersensitivity to ABA partially depended on the E3 ubiquitin ligase LOSS-OF-GDU1 2 (LOG2), a known GDU1 interactor. More importantly, the lysine catabolite pipecolic acid played a pivotal role in the GDU1-induced defense responses. This work unravels a novel relationship between amino acid transport, ABA and defense responses, potentially mediated by the GDU1-LOG2 complex, critical for understanding how plants respond to amino acid imbalance.ONE SENTENCE SUMMARYGenetically induced disturbance of amino acid homeostasis sequentially triggers responses to abiotic stresses and plant defenses to pathogens in Arabidopsis through undefined sensing mechanisms

scholarly journals The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM40 Attenuates Antiviral Immune Responses by Targeting MDA5 and RIG-I

Cell Reports ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1613-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyuan Zhao ◽  
Mutian Jia ◽  
Hui Song ◽  
Zhongxia Yu ◽  
Wenwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase

scholarly journals The E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH1 regulates antimalaria immunity through interferon signaling and T cell activation

2020 ◽  
pp. 202004332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wu ◽  
Lu Xia ◽  
Xiangyu Yao ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Keyla C. Tumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Eqtl Analysis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ifn Γ

Malaria infection induces complex and diverse immune responses. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying host–parasite interaction, we performed a genetic screen during early (24 h) Plasmodium yoelii infection in mice and identified a large number of interacting host and parasite genes/loci after transspecies expression quantitative trait locus (Ts-eQTL) analysis. We next investigated a host E3 ubiquitin ligase gene (March1) that was clustered with interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) based on the similarity of the genome-wide pattern of logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores (GPLS). March1 inhibits MAVS/STING/TRIF-induced type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling in vitro and in vivo. However, in malaria-infected hosts, deficiency of March1 reduces IFN-I production by activating inhibitors such as SOCS1, USP18, and TRIM24 and by altering immune cell populations. March1 deficiency increases CD86+DC (dendritic cell) populations and levels of IFN-γ and interleukin 10 (IL-10) at day 4 post infection, leading to improved host survival. T cell depletion reduces IFN-γ level and reverse the protective effects of March1 deficiency, which can also be achieved by antibody neutralization of IFN-γ. This study reveals functions of MARCH1 (membrane-associated ring-CH–type finger 1) in innate immune responses and provides potential avenues for activating antimalaria immunity and enhancing vaccine efficacy.

scholarly journals A RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, OsGW2, Controls Chlorophyll Content and Dark-Induced Senescence in Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Chan Shim ◽  
Sun Ha Kim ◽  
Yun-A Jeon ◽  
Hyun-Sook Lee ◽  
Cheryl Adeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Ring Type ◽  
Delayed Senescence ◽  
F2 Population

Leaf senescence is the final stage of plant development. Many internal and external factors affect the senescence process in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we identified qCC2, a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for chlorophyll content using a population derived from an interspecific cross between O. sativa (cv. Hwaseong) and Oryza grandiglumis. The O. grandiglumis allele at qCC2 increased chlorophyll content and delayed senescence. GW2 encoding E3 ubiquitin ligase in the qCC2 region was selected as a candidate for qCC2. To determine if GW2 is allelic to qCC2, a gw2-knockout mutant (gw2-ko) was examined using a dark-induced senescence assay. gw2-ko showed delayed leaf senescence in the dark with down-regulated expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) and chlorophyll degradation genes (CDGs). The association of the GW2 genotype with the delayed senescence phenotype was confirmed in an F2 population. RNA-seq analysis was conducted to investigate 30-day-old leaf transcriptome dynamics in Hwaseong and a backcross inbred line—CR2002—under dark treatment. This resulted in the identification of genes involved in phytohormone signaling and associated with senescence. These results suggested that transcriptional regulation was associated with delayed senescence in CR2002, and RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase GW2 was a positive regulator of leaf senescence in rice.

scholarly journals Regulation of immune responses by E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b

2019 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 103878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Tang ◽  
Wallace Y. Langdon ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase

scholarly journals Early Pep-13-induced immune responses are SERK3A/B-dependent in potato

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Nietzschmann ◽  
Karin Gorzolka ◽  
Ulrike Smolka ◽  
Andreas Matern ◽  
Lennart Eschen-Lippold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Defense Gene Expression ◽  
Kinase Activation ◽  
Defense Gene ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides ◽  
Untargeted Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Blight Disease

AbstractPotato plants treated with the pathogen-associated molecular pattern Pep-13 mount salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-dependent defense responses, leading to enhanced resistance against Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease. Recognition of Pep-13 is assumed to occur by binding to a yet unknown plasma membrane-localized receptor kinase. The potato genes annotated to encode the co-receptor BAK1, StSERK3A and StSERK3B, are activated in response to Pep-13 treatment. Transgenic RNAi-potato plants with reduced expression of both SERK3A and SERK3B were generated. In response to Pep-13 treatment, the formation of reactive oxygen species and MAP kinase activation, observed in wild type plants, is highly reduced in StSERK3A/B-RNAi plants, suggesting that StSERK3A/B are required for perception of Pep-13 in potato. In contrast, defense gene expression is induced by Pep-13 in both control and StSERK3A/B-depleted plants. Altered morphology of StSERK3A/B-RNAi plants correlates with major shifts in metabolism, as determined by untargeted metabolite profiling. Enhanced levels of hydroxycinnamic acid amides, typical phytoalexins of potato, in StSERK3A/B-RNAi plants are accompanied by significantly decreased levels of flavonoids and steroidal glycoalkaloids. Thus, altered metabolism in StSERK3A/B-RNAi plants correlates with the ability of StSERK3A/B-depleted plants to mount defense, despite highly decreased early immune responses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document