scholarly journals Modulation of the Somatosensory Blink Reflex in the Peripersonal Space Is Defective in Episodic Migraine

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1663-1667
Author(s):  
Selahattin Ayas ◽  
Meral E Kızıltan ◽  
Feray Karaali-Savrun ◽  
Ayşegül Gündüz
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
Acute Attack ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Extrapersonal Space ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objective In migraine, there is an altered behavior of patients during the attack and an altered connectivity in the cortical structures modulating and encoding the sensation and pain. Thus, we hypothesized that the extent of the peripersonal space (PPS) and the responses in the PPS may change during a migraine attack. For this reason, we analyzed the modulation of somatosensory blink reflex (SBR) in the PPS during episodic migraine. Design Cross-sectional assessment of modulation of SBR in patients with migraine. Setting Headache outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral center. Subjects We included 22 patients with episodic migraine, of whom 13 individuals were in the interictal period and nine were experiencing a headache episode. We also included 14 healthy individuals. The three groups were similar in age and gender. Methods SBR was recorded when the participants were sitting with their forearm in the extrapersonal space and also when their hands were in the PPS surrounding the face. Latency, amplitude, and area under the curve (AUC) were measured and compared. Results The amplitude and AUC of the SBR were significantly higher in patients during the attack compared with healthy subjects. The magnitude of the SBR was increased in the PPS in healthy subjects, whereas the increase was not significant in patients during the attack or in the interictal period. Conclusions We think that the modulation in the PPS is defective in patients with migraine both during the acute attack and in the interictal phase, suggesting diminished top-down modulation of the SBR.

Differences of Anti-Nociceptive Mechanisms of Migraine Drugs on the Trigeminal Pain Processing during and Outside Acute Migraine Attacks

Cephalalgia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Katsarava ◽  
V Limmroth ◽  
O Baykal ◽  
D Akguen ◽  
H-C Diener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
Acute Attack ◽  
Pain Processing ◽  
Acute Migraine ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Nociceptive Blink Reflex ◽  
Nociceptive Processing ◽  
Acute Migraine Attack

The aim of this study was to investigate central anti-nociceptive mechanisms of i.v. acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and oral zolmitriptan (ZOL) in migraine patients and healthy subjects using the ‘nociceptive’ blink reflex (nBR). Twenty-eight migraine patients received ASA ( n = 14, 1000 mg i.v) or ZOL ( n = 14, 5 mg p.o) during the acute migraine attack and interictally. Thirty healthy subjects received either ASA or ZOL vs. placebo using a double blind cross over design. nBR was recorded in all patients and subjects before, 60 and 90 min after treatment. ASA and ZOL did not inhibit nBR responses in healthy subjects. Both ASA and ZOL suppressed nBR responses (ASA by 68%, ZOL by 78%) only during the acute attack but not interictally. The data suggest, that the anti-nociceptive effects of migraine drugs on the trigeminal nociceptive processing are different during and outside an acute migraine attack.

P82-T The effect of defensive peripersonal space on somatosensory blink reflex in episodic migraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (7) ◽  
pp. e63
Author(s):  
Selahattin Ayas ◽  
Aysegül Gündüz ◽  
Feray Karaali Savrun ◽  
Meral Erdemir Kiziltan
Keyword(s):  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
Episodic Migraine

scholarly journals Accuracy of the ETDQ-7 for Identifying Persons with Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam S. Teixeira ◽  
J. Douglas Swarts ◽  
Cuneyt M. Alper
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tympanic Membranes

Objective To compare the accuracy of the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7) in identifying people with eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction based on symptoms and an objective ET function test. Study Design Cross-sectional study. ObjSettingective Tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods Fifty-five subjects with and without symptoms suggestive of ET dysfunction completed the ETDQ-7 and had their ET function evaluated by the percentage of middle ear pressure equilibrated after 5 swallows (PEq5) either during a pressure chamber test (intact tympanic membranes) or by the inflation-deflation test (nonintact tympanic membranes). ETDQ-7 score ≥14.5 and PEq5 <60% were used to define ET dysfunction, and sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the level of association between ETDQ-7 scores and PEq5. Results Twenty-five asymptomatic subjects (group 1 = 15 females, 15 white; mean ± SD age, 32 ± 12.8 years) and 30 subjects with ET dysfunction symptoms (group 2 = 17 females, 25 white; age, 27 ± 16.3 years) were included in the analysis. ETDQ-7 sensitivity and specificity regarding correct group assignment were 70% and 100%, respectively, and with respect to predicting PEq5<60%, 54% and 78%. An area under the curve (AUC) of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.53-0.83) at the participant level and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.50-0.77) at the ear level indicated a moderate level of association that was lower, though not statistically significant, for nonintact tympanic membranes (AUC = 0.63 at the participant level and AUC = 0.49 at the ear level). Conclusion The ETDQ-7 score had a higher correlation with the ET dysfunction symptoms than with an objective measure of ET function.

scholarly journals Ictal and Interictal Phonophobia in Migraine—A Quantitative Controlled Study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1042-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ashkenazi ◽  
A Mushtaq ◽  
I Yang ◽  
ML Oshinsky
Keyword(s):  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Acute Attack ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
And Gender

The aim of the study was to evaluate quantitatively ictal and interictal phonophobia in episodic migraine (EM). We included subjects with EM and age- and gender-matched controls. Sound stimuli were pure tones at frequencies of 1000, 4000 and 8000 Hz. Sound aversion thresholds (SATs) were determined as the minimal sound intensity perceived as unpleasant or painful. Migraineurs were examined both between and during attacks. We compared interictal SATs in migraineurs with those in controls. We also compared ictal and interictal SATs in migraineurs. Sixty migraineurs and 52 controls were included. Interictal mean SAT of migraineurs, averaged for the three frequencies, was significantly lower than that of controls [90.4 (0.8) dB vs. 105.9 (1.1) dB, respectively, P < 0.0001]. In migraineurs, mean ictal SAT, averaged for the three frequencies, was significantly lower than interictal SAT [76.0 (0.9) dB vs. 91.0 (0.8) dB, respectively, P < 0.0001]. Patients with EM exhibit increased sound aversion between attacks that is further augmented during an acute attack.

scholarly journals Evaluation of salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Ni Kang ◽  
Fei Xue ◽  
Jing Qiao ◽  
Jinyu Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Auc Value

Abstract Background Salivary interleukin (IL)-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) are related to periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers and to build a prediction panel for diagnosing periodontal disease. Methods A total of 80 participants were enrolled in a cross-sectional study and divided into healthy (n = 25), gingivitis (n = 24), and periodontitis (n = 31) groups based on their periodontal exam results. A full mouth periodontal examination was performed and unstimulated saliva was collected. Salivary IL-1β, MMP-8, ICTP, and Pg were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Their potentials for diagnosing periodontal disease were analyzed and combined prediction panels of periodontal disease were evaluated. Results As a single marker, IL-1β showed the best diagnostic value of the four markers evaluated and exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.88 with 90% sensitivity and 76% specificity for discriminating periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects, an AUC value of 0.80 with 83% sensitivity and 76% specificity for discriminating gingivitis subjects from healthy subjects and an AUC value of 0.66 with 68% sensitivity and 64% specificity for differentiating periodontitis subjects from gingivitis subjects. The combination of IL-1β, ICTP, and Pg exhibited the highest efficacy for discriminating periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects (AUC = 0.94) and gingivitis subjects (AUC = 0.77). The combination of IL-1β and MMP-8 exhibited the best ability to discriminate gingivitis from healthy subjects (AUC = 0.84). Conclusions Salivary IL-1β, MMP-8, ICTP, and Pg showed significant effectiveness for diagnosing periodontal disease. The combination of IL-1β, ICTP, and Pg can be used to discriminate periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects and gingivitis subjects, and the combination of IL-1β and MMP-8 can be used to discriminate gingivitis subjects from healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Does Allergic Rhinitis have any Effect on Choroidal Thickness?

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Raşit Kiliç ◽  
Harun Soyaliç
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Control Study

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the choroidal thickness between patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and healthy controls. Study Design: Prospective case-control study. Methodology: This cross sectional case control study consisted of 52 patients with AR and 52 healthy subjects. The choroidal thicknesses were measured horizontally with the digital calipers provided by the Heidelberg Spectralis software. The points of measurements were at the subfovea, 1500 µm nasal and 1500 µm temporal to the center of the fovea. The right eye was assessed in all participants. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for age and gender distribution, intraocular pressure and spherical equivalent. Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness, nasal choroidal thickness and temporal choroidal thickness were 382.1±121.7, 328.6±111.8 and 368.1±98.2 in AR patients and 378.5±87, 309±77 and 354.2±94.2 in healthy subjects respectively. These differences were not found statistically significant (P˃0.05). Conclusion: Choroidal thickness in AR patients was found to be thicker, but not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Gut Dysbiosis Is Related With Activity And Remission Phases Of Ulcerative Colitis And Healthy Condition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Maldonado-Arriaga ◽  
Sergio Sandoval-Jimenez ◽  
Juan Rodríguez-Silverio Rodríguez-Silverio ◽  
Sofía Lizeth Alcaráz-Estrada ◽  
Tomás Cortés-Espinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis

Abstract Background. Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a frequent type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. Gut dysbiosis may influence pathophysiology and clinical response in UC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether gut microbiota is related to the active and remission phases of UC compared to healthy subjects. Results. Cross-sectional study. Fecal samples from 18 patients with UC (clinically characterized as active (n=9), remission (n=9)) and 15 healthy subjects were collected. After fecal DNA extraction, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced (Illumina MiSeq platform), operational taxonomic units were analyzed with the QIIME (Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology) software. Alpha and beta diversities were compared between clinical settings, as well as the relation between most frequent genus with UC severity indicators. Gut microbiota composition revealed higher abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria in active UC, as compared with remission UC and healthy subjects. Likewise, marked abundance of the genus Bilophila and Fusobacteria were present in active UC, as compared with the other groups, whereas higher abundance of Faecalibacterium characterized both remission UC and healthy subjects. Microbial community’s richness and diversity in active UC were significantly different from the other groups. Relative abundance of Fecalibacterium and Roseburia showed higher correlation with fecal calprotectin, while relative abundance of Bilophila and Fusobacterium showed AUCs (Area under the curve) 0.917 and 0.988 for active vs remission UC, respectively. Conclusion. Gut dysbiosis is related to clinically relevant phases of UC and healthy controls. Particularly, Fecalibacterium, Roseburia, Bilophila, and Fusobacterium were identified as genus highly related with clinical phases of UC.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Social Cognition: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study of Recently Diagnosed Patients with Schizophrenia and Healthy Subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 538-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Navarra-Ventura ◽  
Sol Fernandez-Gonzalo ◽  
Marc Turon ◽  
Esther Pousa ◽  
Diego Palao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Mind

Objectives: This study had 2 objectives: First, to explore the gender-related differences in emotional processing (EP) and theory of mind—both cognitive (CToM) and affective (AToM)—in patients with schizophrenia and in a control group of healthy subjects; and, second, to examine, from a gender perspective, the possible association between EP and CToM in the AToM performance. Methods: Forty patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder were recruited and matched by gender, age and years of education with 40 healthy subjects. EP was measured by the pictures of facial affect (POFA) test. CToM was measured using first- and second-order false-belief (FB) stories. AToM was measured by the reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET). Group and gender differences in CToM were analysed using the X2 test, whereas EP and AToM were analysed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U Test and a general linear model. Results were adjusted by intelligence quotient and negative symptomatology. Results: Patients with schizophrenia underperformed against healthy subjects in the POFA test, second-order FB, and RMET, but not in first-order FB. No significant gender differences were found. However, there was a trend showing that females outperformed males in the POFA ( P = 0.056). Group ( P < 0.001), POFA ( P < 0.001) and second-order FB ( P = 0.022) were the best factors predicting RMET performance (adjusted R2 = 0.584). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the illness is the main factor related to the deficit in social cognition, except for the basic aspects of the CToM that were unimpaired in most patients. Nevertheless, the influence of female gender in EP should not be neglected in any group. Finally, the hierarchal interaction between these domains is discussed.

scholarly journals How High? Trends in Cannabis Use Prior to First Admission to Inpatient Psychiatry in Ontario, Canada, between 2007 and 2017: À quelle hauteur? Les tendances de l’usage du cannabis avant la première hospitalisation en psychiatrie en Ontario, Canada entre 2007 et 2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372098467
Author(s):  
Taylor McGuckin ◽  
Mark A. Ferro ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
Shannon Stewart ◽  
Bridget Maloney-Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Inpatient Psychiatry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Admission

Objectives: To examine the trends in cannabis use within 30 days of first admission to inpatient psychiatry in Ontario, Canada, between 2007 and 2017, and the characteristics of persons reporting cannabis use. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted for first-time admissions to nonforensic inpatient psychiatric beds in Ontario, Canada, between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017, using data from the Ontario Mental Health Reporting System ( N = 81,809). Results: Across all years, 20.1% of patients reported cannabis use within 30 days of first admission. Use increased from 16.7% in 2007 to 25.9% in 2017, and the proportion with cannabis use disorders increased from 3.8% to 6.0%. In 2017, 47.9% of patients aged 18 to 24 and 39.2% aged 25 to 34 used cannabis, representing absolute increases of 8.3% and 10.7%, respectively. Increases in cannabis use were found across almost all diagnostic groups, with the largest increases among patients with personality disorders (15% increase), schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders (14% increase), and substance use disorders (14% increase). A number of demographic and clinical factors were significantly associated with cannabis use, including interactions between schizophrenia and gender (area under the curve = 0.88). Conclusions: As medical cannabis policies in Canada have evolved, cannabis use reported prior to first admission to inpatient psychiatry has increased. The findings of this study establish a baseline for evaluating the impact of changes in cannabis-related policies in Ontario on cannabis use prior to admission to inpatient psychiatry.

Personality's Correlates of Adult Development and Aging

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽  
Patrizia Steca
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
And Gender

Three cross-sectional studies examined stability and change in personality over the course of life by measuring the relations linking age to personality traits, self-efficacy beliefs, values, and well-being in large samples of Italian male and female participants. In each study, relations between personality and age were examined across several age groups ranging from young adulthood to old age. In each study, personality constructs were first examined in terms of mean group differences accrued by age and gender and then in terms of their correlations with age across gender and age groups. Furthermore, personality-age correlations were also calculated, controlling for the demographic effects accrued by marital status, education, and health. Findings strongly indicated that personality functioning does not necessarily decline in the later years of life, and that decline is more pronounced in males than it is in females across several personality dimensions ranging from personality traits, such as emotional stability, to self-efficacy beliefs, such as efficacy in dealing with negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for personality theory and social policy.

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