scholarly journals Gut Dysbiosis Is Related With Activity And Remission Phases Of Ulcerative Colitis And Healthy Condition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Maldonado-Arriaga ◽  
Sergio Sandoval-Jimenez ◽  
Juan Rodríguez-Silverio Rodríguez-Silverio ◽  
Sofía Lizeth Alcaráz-Estrada ◽  
Tomás Cortés-Espinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis

Abstract Background. Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a frequent type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. Gut dysbiosis may influence pathophysiology and clinical response in UC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether gut microbiota is related to the active and remission phases of UC compared to healthy subjects. Results. Cross-sectional study. Fecal samples from 18 patients with UC (clinically characterized as active (n=9), remission (n=9)) and 15 healthy subjects were collected. After fecal DNA extraction, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced (Illumina MiSeq platform), operational taxonomic units were analyzed with the QIIME (Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology) software. Alpha and beta diversities were compared between clinical settings, as well as the relation between most frequent genus with UC severity indicators. Gut microbiota composition revealed higher abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria in active UC, as compared with remission UC and healthy subjects. Likewise, marked abundance of the genus Bilophila and Fusobacteria were present in active UC, as compared with the other groups, whereas higher abundance of Faecalibacterium characterized both remission UC and healthy subjects. Microbial community’s richness and diversity in active UC were significantly different from the other groups. Relative abundance of Fecalibacterium and Roseburia showed higher correlation with fecal calprotectin, while relative abundance of Bilophila and Fusobacterium showed AUCs (Area under the curve) 0.917 and 0.988 for active vs remission UC, respectively. Conclusion. Gut dysbiosis is related to clinically relevant phases of UC and healthy controls. Particularly, Fecalibacterium, Roseburia, Bilophila, and Fusobacterium were identified as genus highly related with clinical phases of UC.

scholarly journals Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 or H1N1 Influenza

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2669-2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silan Gu ◽  
Yanfei Chen ◽  
Zhengjie Wu ◽  
Yunbo Chen ◽  
Hainv Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging serious global health problem. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA has been detected in stool specimens. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and disease remains to be established. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 30 patients with COVID-19, 24 patients with influenza A(H1N1), and 30 matched healthy controls (HCs) to identify differences in the gut microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3–V4 region sequencing. Results Compared with HCs, COVID-19 patients had significantly reduced bacterial diversity; a significantly higher relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens, such as Streptococcus, Rothia, Veillonella, and Actinomyces; and a lower relative abundance of beneficial symbionts. Five biomarkers showed high accuracy for distinguishing COVID-19 patients from HCs with an area under the curve (AUC) up to 0.89. Patients with H1N1 displayed lower diversity and different overall microbial composition compared with COVID-19 patients. Seven biomarkers were selected to distinguish the 2 cohorts (AUC = 0.94). Conclusions The gut microbial signature of patients with COVID-19 was different from that of H1N1 patients and HCs. Our study suggests the potential value of the gut microbiota as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for COVID-19, but further validation is needed.

scholarly journals BMI and age associated variations in the gut microbiome: A pan India, cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumaresan Nallasamy ◽  
Sucheta Gokhale ◽  
Anirban Bhaduri ◽  
Ashok Kumar Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between gut microbiome composition and two physiological factors, BMI and age. We did not observe a significant relationship between occurrence of gut bacteria with BMI or age alone. On the other hand, we observed BMI and age together played an important role in impacting gut microbiota composition. Comparison of the microbiota of normal and obese subjects for the each of 20s and 50s group revealed 13 gut bacteria that show significantly different relative abundance in the two groups. We observed that certain organisms show opposite trends within the two age groups. Haemophilus parainfluenzae relative abundance was found to be increased in obese-20s group while reduced in obese-50s group. Relative abundance of organisms such as Mitsuokella jalaludini and Blautia obeum were reduced in obese-20s group while increased in obese-50s group as compared to the normal subjects of respective age group. On the other hand, a reduction in the average relative abundance of both M. jalaludini and B. obeum for obese group as compared to the normal in pan-India only BMI-based group comparison. While studying obesity-related gut microbiota changes, it is critical to consider multiple factors such as age and geography into the study design.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome in a Russian Cohort of Pre- and Post-Cholecystectomy Female Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Irina Grigor’eva ◽  
Tatiana Romanova ◽  
Natalia Naumova ◽  
Tatiana Alikina ◽  
Alexey Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Before And After

The last decade saw extensive studies of the human gut microbiome and its relationship to specific diseases, including gallstone disease (GSD). The information about the gut microbiome in GSD-afflicted Russian patients is scarce, despite the increasing GSD incidence worldwide. Although the gut microbiota was described in some GSD cohorts, little is known regarding the gut microbiome before and after cholecystectomy (CCE). By using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we inventoried the fecal bacteriobiome composition and structure in GSD-afflicted females, seeking to reveal associations with age, BMI and some blood biochemistry. Overall, 11 bacterial phyla were identified, containing 916 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The fecal bacteriobiome was dominated by Firmicutes (66% relative abundance), followed by Bacteroidetes (19%), Actinobacteria (8%) and Proteobacteria (4%) phyla. Most (97%) of the OTUs were minor or rare species with ≤1% relative abundance. Prevotella and Enterocossus were linked to blood bilirubin. Some taxa had differential pre- and post-CCE abundance, despite the very short time (1–3 days) elapsed after CCE. The detailed description of the bacteriobiome in pre-CCE female patients suggests bacterial foci for further research to elucidate the gut microbiota and GSD relationship and has potentially important biological and medical implications regarding gut bacteria involvement in the increased GSD incidence rate in females.

scholarly journals Can fecal calprotectin accurately identify histological activity of ulcerative colitis? A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175628482199474
Author(s):  
Xiaoqi Ye ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Harry H. X. Wang ◽  
Rui Feng ◽  
Ziyin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Histological Response ◽  
Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Histological Activity ◽  
Histological Remission ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background and Aims: Elevated fecal calprotectin (FC) levels have been reported to correlate with histological activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the accuracy of FC for evaluating histological activity of UC remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of FC for evaluating histological activity of UC, based on updated definitions. Methods: Related studies were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Adult participants diagnosed with UC were included when sufficient data could be extracted to calculate the accuracy of FC for evaluating histological activity. The primary outcome was histological response, and the secondary outcome was histological remission, defined according to a recently updated position paper of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization. Statistics were pooled using bivariate mixed-effects models. The area under the curve was estimated by summary receiver-operating characteristic curves. Results: Nine studies were included, from which 1039 patients were included for the analysis of histological response and 591 patients for histological remission. For the evaluation of histological response, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve were 0.69 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52–0.82], 0.77 (95% CI: 0.63–0.87), and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76–0.83), respectively. For the evaluation of histological remission, the corresponding estimates were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.71–0.81), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.62–0.78), and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.75–0.82), respectively. FC had a higher accuracy in studies using Nancy Index. For histological response, the cut-off values of FC ranged from 50 to 172 µg/g, and the sensitivity was higher in studies with FC cut-off values >100 µg/g (0.77 versus 0.65). Conclusion: FC is a valuable biomarker for assessing histological activity in patients with UC. A cut-off value of 100–200 µg/g is more appropriate to spare patients from an unnecessary endoscopy and biopsy.

scholarly journals Comparing dental plaque microbiome diversity of extrinsic black stain in the primary dentition using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Chen ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Keke Zhang ◽  
Jing Zou
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Illumina Miseq Sequencing ◽  
Miseq Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sequencing Technique

Abstract Background Extrinsic black stain (EBS) is characterized by discrete dark dots or lines on the tooth surface. The relationship between EBS and oral microbiota in children remains elusive. The aim of this study was to compare dental plaque microbiome in EBS children with that in EBS-free children in the primary dentition. Methods The Illumina MiSeq sequencing technique was utilized in the cross-sectional pilot study to investigate the diversity and composition of the supragingival plaque microbiota from 10 EBS-positive and 10 EBS-free children. The results were analysed with nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson Chi-Square test, Fisher’s Exact test and one-way ANOVA tests. Results We identified 13 different phyla, 22 classes, 33 orders, 54 families, 105 genera, and 227 species from a total of 52,646 high-quality sequences. Between two groups, no statistical differences were observed in the estimators of community richness and diversity at 97% similarity, as well as in the Unweighted Unifrac principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA). At the species level, higher level of relative abundance of Actinomyces naeslundii and lower level of relative abundance of a species belonging to Candidate_division_TM7 was observed in dental plaque of EBS-positive subjects, compared to dental plaque of EBS-free subjects (P < 0.05). This indicated that some species might be involved in the EBS process. Conclusion Changes in dental plaque microbiota is possibly relevant to the process of EBS in the primary dentition.

scholarly journals Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Its Relationship with the Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Aplastic Anemia 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengxiao Ren ◽  
Yongqin Ge ◽  
Jindan Qi ◽  
Shengli Xue ◽  
Miao Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Treg Cell ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
And Control ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Background: The characteristics of gut microbiota (GM) and its relationship with the Regulatory T Cells (Treg) remains unclear in patients with aplastic anemia (AA). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey which included 12 AA patients consisted of 6 with severity aplastic anemia (SAA) and 6 with non-severity aplastic anemia (NSAA) and 6 healthy participants. The GM and its relationship with the Treg cells of AA patients were analyzed. Results: The results showed that the presence of compositional differences in the GM structure between the AA and Control groups. The bacterial communities were depleted of Clostridia class (e.g., Lachnospiraceae ND3007, Lachnospiraceae XPB1014, Lachnolostridium, Ruminococcaceae UCG 013 and Butyricicoccus genus) in AA group, especially in SAA group. Inversely, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus genus from Bacilli class were increased significantly in patients with SAA. The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae (r=0.663, p=0.029), Clostridiaceae 1 (r=0.619, p=0.042) and Clostridiales vadinBB60 group family (r=0.674, p=0.023) which from Clostridia class, were positively correlated with the Treg cell counts. Conclusion: We speculated that the decrease of some bacteria from Clostridia class may participate in the pathophysiological process of AA through reducing the Treg cell counts. Notwithstanding the low sample size, our data provided some clues that the treatment strategy of AA could start by adjusting the imbalance of GM, increasing Treg cell counts to improve the suppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis.

scholarly journals Altered Fecal Small RNA Profiles in Colorectal Cancer Reflect Gut Microbiome Composition in Stool Samples

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Tarallo ◽  
Giulio Ferrero ◽  
Gaetano Gallo ◽  
Antonio Francavilla ◽  
Giuseppe Clerico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stool Samples

ABSTRACT Dysbiotic configurations of the human gut microbiota have been linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). Human small noncoding RNAs are also implicated in CRC, and recent findings suggest that their release in the gut lumen contributes to shape the gut microbiota. Bacterial small RNAs (bsRNAs) may also play a role in carcinogenesis, but their role has been less extensively explored. Here, we performed small RNA and shotgun sequencing on 80 stool specimens from patients with CRC or with adenomas and from healthy subjects collected in a cross-sectional study to evaluate their combined use as a predictive tool for disease detection. We observed considerable overlap and a correlation between metagenomic and bsRNA quantitative taxonomic profiles obtained from the two approaches. We identified a combined predictive signature composed of 32 features from human and microbial small RNAs and DNA-based microbiome able to accurately classify CRC samples separately from healthy and adenoma samples (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.87). In the present study, we report evidence that host-microbiome dysbiosis in CRC can also be observed by examination of altered small RNA stool profiles. Integrated analyses of the microbiome and small RNAs in the human stool may provide insights for designing more-accurate tools for diagnostic purposes. IMPORTANCE The characteristics of microbial small RNA transcription are largely unknown, while it is of primary importance for a better identification of molecules with functional activities in the gut niche under both healthy and disease conditions. By performing combined analyses of metagenomic and small RNA sequencing (sRNA-Seq) data, we characterized both the human and microbial small RNA contents of stool samples from healthy individuals and from patients with colorectal carcinoma or adenoma. With the integrative analyses of metagenomic and sRNA-Seq data, we identified a human and microbial small RNA signature which can be used to improve diagnosis of the disease. Our analysis of human and gut microbiome small RNA expression is relevant to generation of the first hypotheses about the potential molecular interactions occurring in the gut of CRC patients, and it can be the basis for further mechanistic studies and clinical tests.

scholarly journals Relationship between Microalbuminuria and Disease Activity in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Kourosh Masnadi Shirazi ◽  
Sima Khayati ◽  
Maryam Baradaran Binazir ◽  
Zeinab Nikniaz
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inactive Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND Introducing a non-invasive method for determining disease activity is important in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). So in this study, we aimed to assess the association between disease activity index and microalbuminuria in patients with UC. METHODS In the present cross-sectional study, 84 patients with UC were selected. The disease activity was calculated by the partial Mayo clinic score. Microalbuminuria was assessed using the immunoturbidimetric method in a first-voided sample in the morning in two consecutive days and the mean of these two measurements was reported as urinary microalbumin level. Serum C reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and fecal calprotectin were measured respectively using conventional turbidimetric immunoassay, Westergren method, and ELISA methods. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 40.01 ± 12.85 years, 60.8% of them were female and 53.5% had microalbuminuria. The frequency of microalbuminuria was significantly higher in patients with active compared with inactive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There were significant differences between the patients with active and inactive disease regarding CRP, ESR, and calprotectin (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a strong correlation between microalbuminuria and CRP (r = 0.89, p < 0.001), ESR (r = 0.92, p < 0.001), and calprotectin (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Microalbuminuria could be used as a non-invasive marker of disease activity in patients with UC.

scholarly journals P157 Microbiome Analysis Reveals That Ralstonia is Responsible for Decreased Renal Function in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S236-S238
Author(s):  
J M Kim ◽  
J H Rim ◽  
D H Kim ◽  
H Y Kim ◽  
S K Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Serum Uric Acid Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ralstonia Pickettii ◽  
Kidney Organoids

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis (UC), are characterized by a disturbance of the normal gut microbiota and contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The incidence of CKD is higher in individuals with UC, but the causal link is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of gut microbiota in decreasing renal function in patients with UC Methods We performed 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing using ileocecal mucosal samples from nine individuals with UC and CKD (UC+CKD), 29 individuals with UC only, and 12 healthy controls. We also analyzed the operational taxonomic units, microbial diversity, and correlation with renal function. Co-culture assay using kidney organoids and Caco-2 cells was performed. Figure 1. The taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota of the study population and comparison of the 10 most abundant genera and species in the UC + CKD, UC, and control groups. Results Bacterial species diversity was significantly decreased in the UC+CKD group compared to that in the other groups based on Shannon and inverse Simpson indexes. At the genus level, Ralstonia had significantly greater abundance in the UC+CKD and UC groups compared to the control group. At the species level, unclassified Ralstonia species and Citrobacter portucalensis showed higher abundance in the UC+CKD group compared to the other groups. The relative abundance of Ralstonia showed a negative correlation with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), but a positive correlation with the serum uric acid level. Ralstonia pickettii represented a negative correlation with eGFR, and induced damaging changes to kidney organoids in co-culture assay. Figure 2. The correlation between the relative abundance of Ralstonia with renal function (indicated by eGFR) and serum uric acid level. Effects of Ralstonia pickettii on Caco-2 cells and kidney organoids. (A) mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in Caco-2 cells treated with and without Ralstonia pickettii, reflecting the inflammation seen in ulcerative colitis. Conclusion Gut microbial community profiles of the UC+CKD group are different from those of the UC group. Furthermore, Ralstonia pickettii contributes in decreasing renal function in patients with UC.

scholarly journals A comparison of diagnostic performance between two quantitative rapid fecal calprotectin assays in detecting active inflammatory bowel disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255974
Author(s):  
Jong-Mi Lee ◽  
Joo Hee Jang ◽  
Ji Hyeong Ryu ◽  
Jaeeun Yoo ◽  
Bo-In Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rapid Assays ◽  
Endoscopic Score ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background Fecal calprotectin (FC) is widely used for the diagnosis and monitoring disease activity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Quantitative rapid assays can be a reliable alternative to the time-consuming assay. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of two quantitative rapid FC assays (Ichroma calprotectin, and Buhlmann Quantum blue). Methods A total of 192 patients were included in this study; 84 patients with IBD (67 ulcerative colitis and 17 Crohn’s disease) and 108 patients with non-IBD. We compared quantitative FC levels in different disease statuses and evaluated the correlation between the FC results of the two FC kits. Diagnostic performances in predicting active IBD were evaluated in reference to different cut-off levels. Results The FC levels in 45 patients with active IBD as defined by endoscopic score were significantly higher compared to the inactive IBD and other diseases (P<0.05). Although the two assays’ results correlated (r = 0.642, P < 0.001), a significant deviation was observed (y (Buhlmannn) = -45.2 +8.9X (Ichroma)). The Diagnostic performances in predicting active IBD were comparable as area under the curve (AUC), 0.812, cut-off, 50, sensitivity, 64.4%, and specificity, 85.0% for iChroma assay and AUC, 0.826, cut-off, 100, sensitivity, 84.4%, and specificity 61.9% for Buhlmann Quantum Blue assay. FC levels using a cut-off of > 250 μg/g confirmed 85.7% (iChroma) and 64.1% (Buhlmann) of active IBD patients. Conclusion The results of the two rapid FC assays iChroma and Buhlmann showed a significant correlation, but the two test results were not interchangeable. With optimized cut-off values, rapid FC tests could be helpful in the diagnosis of IBD and differentiating active IBD from inactive or organic bowel disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document