scholarly journals Does Allergic Rhinitis have any Effect on Choroidal Thickness?

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Raşit Kiliç ◽  
Harun Soyaliç
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Control Study

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the choroidal thickness between patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and healthy controls. Study Design: Prospective case-control study. Methodology: This cross sectional case control study consisted of 52 patients with AR and 52 healthy subjects. The choroidal thicknesses were measured horizontally with the digital calipers provided by the Heidelberg Spectralis software. The points of measurements were at the subfovea, 1500 µm nasal and 1500 µm temporal to the center of the fovea. The right eye was assessed in all participants. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for age and gender distribution, intraocular pressure and spherical equivalent. Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness, nasal choroidal thickness and temporal choroidal thickness were 382.1±121.7, 328.6±111.8 and 368.1±98.2 in AR patients and 378.5±87, 309±77 and 354.2±94.2 in healthy subjects respectively. These differences were not found statistically significant (P˃0.05). Conclusion: Choroidal thickness in AR patients was found to be thicker, but not statistically significant.

DYSPHAGIA IN FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME IN WOMEN: TRUTH OR MYTH? A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150006
Author(s):  
Ebru Umay ◽  
Ibrahim Gundogdu ◽  
Eda Gurcay ◽  
Erhan Arif Ozturk ◽  
Zeynep Tuba Bahtiyarca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dysphagia Limit ◽  
Swallowing Muscles ◽  
And Function ◽  
Control Study

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the presence of dysphagia with multidimensional objective tests in FM female patients with and without dysphagia symptom compared to healthy female subjects. Methods: A case control study was conducted on 165 subjects (21 FM patients with dysphagia symptom, 62 FM patients without dysphagia symptom and 82 healthy subjects). All subjects were evaluated with a clinical screening test, endoscopy, electrophysiology of swallowing (dysphagia limit and swallowing intervals) and musculoskeletal ultrasound (cross-sectional thickness and area of swallowing muscles). Patients (with and without dysphagia symptom) and healthy subjects were compared in terms of all evaluation parameters. Results: The mean age of 165 subjects was [Formula: see text] years and all subjects ([Formula: see text], 100%) were female. Endoscopic evaluation results were similar among three groups ([Formula: see text]). Both the functional evaluation of swallowing measured by swallowing intervals ([Formula: see text]-value between 0.001 and 0.004) and the structural features assessed by the ultrasound ([Formula: see text]-value between 0.001 and 0.007) were significantly impaired in patient groups compared to healthy subjects. FM patients without dysphagia symptom also had significant impairments in function ([Formula: see text]-value between 0.001 and 0.004 for swallowing intervals) and structural features ([Formula: see text]-value between 0.001 and 0.007 for cross-sectional thickness and area of swallowing muscles) compared to healthy subjects. Conclusion: The structure and function of swallowing may be affected in patients with FM, even without dysphagia symptoms.

scholarly journals Electrodiagnostic Signs of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Ocular Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor Shahriari ◽  
Afshin Karimzadeh ◽  
Hadi Esmaily ◽  
Saman Rezanejad ◽  
Homayoun Nikkhah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ophthalmologic Examination ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Purpose To assess the occurrence and severity of electrodiagnostic signs of carpal tunnel syndrome (ED-CTS) in patients with ocular pseudoexfoliation (PEX) and compare them with normal subjects.Method A 1:1 case-control study was designed and 60 patients with PEX were recruited from May 2019 to February 2021, and the findings were compared with 59 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination and nerve conduction velocity test at the median nerve was used to assess the occurrence and severity of ED-CTS in both hands.Results The mean age of participants was 59.8 ± 4.5 years. Occurrence of ED-CTS was 38.3% in PEX patients and 20.3% in control subjects (P = 0.025). There was also a significant difference in the severity, and presence of asymptomatic CTS (P < 0.05). Adjusting other variables, including; age, sex and job difficulty, having severe ED-CTS showed a 3.49-fold higher chance in the PEX group (P = 0.002). Conclusion There is a direct relation between PEX and the occurrence, as well as severity of ED-CTS.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Discoid Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross-Sectional, Case-Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevgi Akarsu ◽  
Ozlem Ozbagcivan ◽  
Fatma Semiz ◽  
Sebnem Aktan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

Although it is known that systemic form of lupus erythematosus (LE) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are frequently observed together, there are no published reports on MetS in patients with skin-restricted LE. We aimed to compare the frequencies of MetS and its components in discoid LE (DLE) with the non-DLE control group. Additionally, we intended to determine the differences of sociodemographic and clinical data of the DLE patients with MetS compared to the patients without MetS. This was a cross-sectional, case-control study, including 60 patients with DLE and 82 age- and gender-matched control subjects. In DLE group, the presence of MetS was observed as more frequent (48.3% versus 24.4%, p=0.003), and hypertriglyceridemia (43.3% versus 22.0%, p=0.006) and reduced HDL-cholesterol (61.7% versus 23.2%, p<0.001) among the MetS components were found significantly higher when compared to the control group. DLE patients with MetS were at older age (50.45±11.49 versus 43.06±12.09, p=0.02), and hypertension, hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease histories were observed at a higher ratio when compared to the patients without MetS. Between the DLE patients with and without MetS, no significant difference was observed in terms of clinical characteristics of DLE. Moreover, further large case-control studies with follow-up periods would be required to clearly assess the impact of MetS on the clinical outcomes of DLE.

scholarly journals Effect of socioeconomic status on risk of COVID-19: a population-based case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Küçükali ◽  
Osman Hayran ◽  
Şeyda İleri ◽  
Berkay Kurt ◽  
Fatmanur Kuru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Most of the studies investigating the relationship between socioeconomic status and the occurrence of COVID-19 have limitations due to their ecological design. To investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and individual-level risk of developing COVID-19, we conducted a population-based, age and gender matched, case-control study in a district of Istanbul. The case group was defined as all confirmed COVID-19 cases (n=232) in the district in a week of August 2020. The control group was matched with cases in terms of age and gender and selected randomly from the directory of the same primary care provider in the district in a 1:1 ratio. The socioeconomic status was measured by the Turkish Socioeconomic Status Index which considers its three dimensions: education, occupation, and income. 168 cases (72.4% response) and 168 controls are included in the study. The mean socioeconomic status score is 70.28±7.09 for cases and 69.25±7.46 for controls (p=0.201). 15.2% (n=25) of cases and 22.4% (n=37) of controls is in lower socioeconomic status group (p=0.091). The analysis did not reveal a statistically significant difference between study groups. Socioeconomic status may not a significant predictor of COVID-19 occurrence at the individual-level. The disease seems to be a common threat to all individuals.

scholarly journals Association of IRGM Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Zahedan, Southeast Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Bahari ◽  
Mohammad Hashemi ◽  
Mohsen Taheri ◽  
Mohammad Naderi ◽  
Ebrahim Eskandari-Nasab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Control Study

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. IRGM1 is an important protein in the innate immune response against intracellular pathogens by regulating autophagy. Polymorphisms in the IRGM genes are known to influence expression levels and may be associated with outcome of infections. This case-control study was done on 150 patients with PTB and 150 healthy subjects to determine whether the IRGM polymorphisms at positions −1208 A/G (rs4958842), −1161 C/T (rs4958843), and −947 C/T (rs4958846) were associated with PTB. The polymorphisms were determined using tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (T-ARMS-PCR). The results showed that the IRGM −1161 C/T and −947 C/T polymorphisms were associated with decreased susceptibility to PTB (OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.03–0.13,P < 0.001 and OR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.013–0.55,P < 0.001, resp.). No significant difference was found among the groups regarding −1208 A/G polymorphism. In conclusion we found that the IRGM −1161 C/T and −947 C/T polymorphisms but not −1208 A/G polymorphism provide relative protection against PTB in a sample of Iranian population.

The Identification and Significance of a Thr→Pro Polymorphism in Kringle IV Type 8 of Apolipoprotein(a)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 0949-0954 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Prins ◽  
F R Lues ◽  
Y Y van der Hoek ◽  
J J.P Kastelein ◽  
B N Bouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Significant Independent Risk Factor ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

SummaryElevated plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] represent a significant independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Interindividual levels of apo(a) vary over 1000-fold and are mainly due to inheritance that is linked to the locus of the apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] gene. The apo(a) gene encodes multiple repeats of a sequence exhibiting up to 85% DNA sequence homology with plasminogen kringle IV (K.IV), a lysine binding domain. In our search for sequence polymorphisms in the K.IV coding domain, we identified a polymorphism predicting a Thr→Pro substitution located at amino acid position 12 of kringle IV type 8 of apo(a). The functional and clinical significance of this polymorphism was analysed in a case-control study and by comparing the in vitro lysine binding characteristics of the two Lp(a) subtypes.The case-control study (involving 153 subjects having symptomatic atherosclerosis and 153 age and gender matched normolipidemic controls) revealed an overall allele frequency for the Thr12-→Pro substitution in kringle IV type 8 of 14% and a negative association between presence of the Pro12-subtype and symptomatic atherosclerosis (p <0.03). The in vitro lysine binding studies, using Lp(a) isolated from subjects homozygous for either Thr12 or Pro12 in K.IV type 8, revealed comparable lysine-Sepharose binding fractions for the two subtypes. The binding affinity (Kd) for immobilised plasmin degraded des- AA-fibrin (DesafibTM-X) was also comparable for the two subtypes, however a decreased maximal attainable binding (Bmax) for immobilised desafibTM-X was observed for the Pro12-subtype Lp(a).

Association of Serum Homocysteine Level and Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Case-control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Nazarinia ◽  
Asghar Zare ◽  
Mohammad javad Fallahi ◽  
Mesbah Shams
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lung Involvement ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Background:Systemic sclerosis is a disorder of connective tissue with unknown cause, affecting the skin and internal organs, characterized by fibrotic changes.Objective:To determine the correlation between serum homocysteine level and interstitial lung involvement in systemic sclerosis. </P><P> Materials and Methods: In this case – control study, 59 patients who fulfilled the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for systemic sclerosis and were referred to Hafez Hospital of Shiraz, Iran, were included as the case group. Fifty nine healthy subjects were involved as the control group. Patients were divided into two groups based on interstitial lung involvement and two subtypes, diffuse and limited type. Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels compared between the controls, and cases groups.Results:Of 59 case and control group, 53 (%89.8) were female and the mean age did not differ in both groups (P=0.929). Thirty five (%59.3) patients had interstitial lung involvement and 38(%64.4) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The mean serum homocysteine level was 13.9±6.3 µmol/L in the case and 13.7±9.2 µmol/L in the control group (P=0.86). The mean serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients with and without interstitial lung involvement (P=0.52). The patients with lung involvement was older than those without lung involvement (P=0.004). Lung disease was more common in diffuse type (P=0.014).Conclusion:In our study, serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients and healthy subjects. Also, there was no correlation between serum homocysteine level and lung involvement, but lung involvement was more common in older patients and also diffuse subtype.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Balance Impairment and Factors Associated with Balance among Patients with Stroke. A Cross Sectional Retrospective Case Control Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Fayaz Khan ◽  
Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Impairment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide, and balance impairments are common disabling factors in patients with stroke, leading to falls. Thus, the study objectives were as follows: (i) To find the prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke. (ii) To find out the factors associated with balance impairment in patients with stroke. This cross-sectional retrospective case control study involved eighty-one post stroke patients with a mean age of 58.36 ± 14.06, recruited from six hospitals, who underwent an assessment of balance, walking speed, depression and isometric strength of the ankle and knee. These patients were later categorized into subjects with good balance (<45) in the Berg balance scale (BBS) and those with poor balance (≥45), as cases and controls, to assess the factors associated with balance impairment using binary logistic regression. The prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke was 48.1%. The reduction in power of knee flexors (OR = 0.858), knee extensors (OR = 0.880) and ankle dorsiflexors (OR = 0.820) was found to be significantly associated with balance impairment, along with speed (OR = 1.187 (95% CI = 1.100, 1.280)), depression (OR = 1.331 (95% CI = 1.055–1.679)) and activities of daily living (OR = 0.313 (95% CI = 0.150–0.650)). In summary, around half of the patients with stroke exhibited balance impairments, with females being more prone.

Risk factors associated with subacromial pain in young athletes: A case control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zoran Z. Sarcevic ◽  
Andreja P. Tepavcevic
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sternoclavicular Joint ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: Subacromial pain (SAP) is a common complaint of young athletes, independently of the sport engaged. The prevalence of SAP in some sports is up to 50%. OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to investigate some new factors possibly associated to subacromial pain in young athletes. The factors considered were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. METHODS: This case-control study included 82 young athletes 9–15 years, 41 with the symptoms of SAP and 41 controls. All participants self-reported whether they had subacromial pain. In addition, Hawkins–Kennedy Test was performed to all the participants to evaluate the subacromial pressure. Main outcome measures were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. The grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint were measured with an inclinometer. Serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength were measured by a handheld dynamometer with external belt-fixation. The data were analyzed using t-test for independent samples, Mann-Whitney U test, contingency coefficients and a stepwise binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Significant statistical difference was observed in the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and in the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint, between the cases and the controls. There was no significant difference in serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength between the cases and the controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint and the grade of shortening of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major were good predictors for presence of SAP. CONCLUSIONS: A strong association was determined between subacromial pain in young athletes, clavicular portion of pectoralis major tightness and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint.

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