scholarly journals Randomizing Religion: the Impact of Protestant Evangelism on Economic Outcomes*

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-380
Author(s):  
Gharad Bryan ◽  
James J Choi ◽  
Dean Karlan
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Randomized Evaluation ◽  
Theology Education ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We study the causal impact of religiosity through a randomized evaluation of an evangelical Protestant Christian values and theology education program delivered to thousands of ultrapoor Filipino households. Six months after the program ended, treated households have higher religiosity and income; no statistically significant differences in total labor supply, consumption, food security, or life satisfaction; and lower perceived relative economic status. Exploratory analysis suggests that the income treatment effect may operate through increasing grit. Thirty months after the program ended, significant differences in the intensity of religiosity disappear, but those in the treatment group are less likely to be Catholic and more likely to be Protestant, and there is some mixed evidence that their consumption and perceived relative economic status are higher.

scholarly journals Multiple Intelligences and Attachment among University Students and Their Influence on Life Satisfaction and Happiness

2018 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Serpil Aytac ◽  
Nazan Bilgel
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
University Students ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
The Impact

This study is about the types of multiple intelligences and attachment styles among a group of Turkish university students. Participants were 450 students from one public university in Turkey. A demographic and socio-economic questionnaire, Multiple Intelligence Survey, Revised Adult Attachment Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire -short version were used as study instruments. Of the 450 students, 63.8% were female and the mean age was 21.24±2.14 years. Bodily intelligence was reported more frequently by male students whereas intrapersonal and logical intelligences were reported at higher rates in female students. Attachment related avoidance was reported by 58.7% of the students. Male students reported more attachment related anxiety, and female students reported more attachment related avoidance. No significant correlations were determined between attachment style and economic status, age, class-year and Grade Point Average of the students. The relationship between students’ intelligence and attachment style was also insignificant. No significant relationship was determined between the happiness and life satisfaction scores of students with different types of intelligences. Female students were found to be significantly happier and satisfied with their lives than male students. Students with a poor economic status had the lowest happiness and life satisfaction scores and the difference was statistically significant. These findings are important to provide a more complete picture about the difficulties experienced by young adults when socially or emotionally adapting to university life. There is much to say regarding the impact of “multiple intelligences”, “attachment styles” and the “subjective well-being” of university students.

scholarly journals Life Satisfaction and Work-Related Satisfaction among Anesthesiologists in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Gaszynska ◽  
Michal Stankiewicz-Rudnicki ◽  
Franciszek Szatko ◽  
Andrzej Wieczorek ◽  
Tomasz Gaszynski
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to assess the level of life and job satisfaction of Polish anesthesiologists and to explore the impact of extrinsic-hygiene and intrinsic-motivating determinants.Materials and Methods.A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among consultant anesthesiologists in Lodz region. The questionnaire concerned patient care, burden, income, personal rewards, professional relations, job satisfaction in general, and life satisfaction. Respondents were asked to rate their level of satisfaction for each item on a seven-point Likert scale (1: extremely dissatisfied; 7: extremely satisfied).Results.86.03% of anesthesiologists were satisfied with their economic status, 77.94% found their health status satisfactory, and 52.21% viewed their personal future optimistically. In general, 71.32% of anesthesiologists were satisfied with their current job situation. Among the less satisfying job aspects were work-related stress (2.49; SD = 1.23), administrative burden (2.85; SD = 1.47), workload (3.63; SD = 1.56), and leisure time (3.09; SD = 1.44).Conclusions.Considerable work-related stress leads to job dissatisfaction among anesthesiologists. There is an association between job satisfaction and health status, social life, and economic status. Working for long hours by anesthesiologists results in a high risk of burnout.

scholarly journals Impact of a Contract Farming Scheme on Income, Food Security, and Nutrition among Maize Farmers in North Western, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hussaini Yusuf ◽  
Garba Sakinatu Umar ◽  
Wahab Munir Jamiu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

Background: The study examined the impact of a contract farming scheme on the farmers’ income, food security, and nutrition. Methods: Simple random sampling was used to select 100 respondents for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics as well the Propensity Score Matching technique. Results: The major determinants of participation in contract farming included commercialization index, distance from the collection center, and total labor available in the household. The average treatment effect on the treated, the average effect of the treatment, and the average treatment on the untreated shows that contract farming will enhance the income from Maize production by ₦50234.8 ($131.79)/hectare, ₦37170.8 ($97.53)/hectare, and ₦28809.8 ($75.59)/hectare respectively. Conclusion: Contract farming participation can affect farming households negatively if food security concerns are not considered into the contract farming agreements.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN THE REPUBLIC OF TYVA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Aziyana O. Huurakai ◽  
Victor N. Klyushnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Young Professionals ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural land is the main resource for growing food and is a guarantee of food security. In the harsh climatic conditions of the Republic of Tuva, agriculture requires serious labor and material costs. However, the area of agricultural land is practically not reduced and this is facilitated by attracting young people to work in agricultural organizations. The purpose of this work is to reflect negative trends in the use of agricultural land. Recommendations to reduce the impact of the identified trend are given. The article analyzes the processes of agricultural land use in the Republic of Tuva, starting from 2014 to 2018. It also provides information about economic status of the Republic. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a program to attract young professionals to rural areas on preferential terms.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Water-Energy-Food-Land Requirements and CO2 Emissions for Food Security of Rice in Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Makoto Taniguchi ◽  
Rabi Mohtar ◽  
Jin-Yong Choi ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Rice Consumption ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of rice-based food security on water, energy, land, and CO2 emissions from a holistic point of view using the Nexus approach, which analyzes tradeoffs between water, energy, and food management. In Japan, both rice consumption and the area harvested for rice have decreased. Maintaining a high self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) in rice production is an important aspect of food security in Japan, impacting the management of key resources, such as water, energy, and land. This study has, therefore, assessed the impact of various SSRs on rice production, focusing on consumption and land-use trends. First, the rice production SSR is predicted to drop to 87% by 2025 within the logarithmic trend of rice consumption and the polynomial trend line of the harvested area of rice. This reflects the fact that rice production is expected to decline more steeply than consumption between 2016 and 2025. Second, this study sets the SSRs for rice in 2025 between 80% and 100%, reflecting a range of low-to-high food security levels. In comparison with the 2016 baseline, about 0.70 × 10 6 additional tons of rice will be produced. Achieving a rice production SSR of 100% will require 10,195 × 10 6 m3 more of water and 23.31 × 10 6 GJ more of energy. Furthermore, an additional 283,000 tons of CO2 will be emitted in 2025, as more energy is used. By contrast, an 80% rice production SSR scenario would save 1482 × 10 6 m3 of water and 3.39 × 10 6 GJ of energy, as well as making a 398,000-ton reduction in CO2 emissions in 2015. A lower SSR would have a positive impact on resource management but a negative impact on food security. It would also reduce the income and economic status of farmers. It is, therefore, important to consider the tradeoffs between food security and resource savings in order to achieve sustainable water, energy, food, and land management in Japan.

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

Implications of higher retirement age for the labor market

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
A. Balaev ◽  
E. Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the impact of the increase in retirement age on labor supply and economic growth. Combining own estimates of labor participation and demographic projections by the Rosstat, the authors predict marked fall in the labor force (by 5.6 million persons over 2016-2030). Labor demand is also going down but to a lesser degree. If vigorous measures are not implemented, the labor force shortage will reach 6% of the labor force by the period end, thus restraining economic growth. Even rapid and ambitious increase in the retirement age (by 1 year each year to 65 years for both men and women) can only partially mitigate the adverse consequences of demographic trends.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document