scholarly journals The management of chronic cough

QJM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 651-656
Author(s):  
A Mathur ◽  
P S K Liu-Shiu-Cheong ◽  
G P Currie
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Chronic Idiopathic Cough ◽  
Respiratory Causes

Summary Chronic cough is a common presentation to primary care and constitutes a significant volume of referrals to secondary care. It affects around 10% of the adult population and has a plethora of respiratory and non-respiratory causes. It can have a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. In many patients, minimal baseline investigations lead to an easily identifiable and treatable cause. In others, no cause can be identified even after extensive investigations in specialized cough clinics. This evidence-based review article outlines the approach to the adult patient presenting with chronic cough and focuses upon current management strategies in those with chronic idiopathic cough. It includes results from trials of speech and language therapies, and the emerging concept of chronic idiopathic cough as a neuropathic disorder with its own bespoke approach to management including the use of neuromodulatory agents.

scholarly journals Anxiety in autistic individuals who speak few or no words: A qualitative study of parental experience and anxiety management

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 136236132096236
Author(s):  
Joanne Tarver ◽  
Effie Pearson ◽  
Georgina Edwards ◽  
Aryana Shirazi ◽  
Liana Potter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Verbal Language ◽  
Parental Recognition

Anxiety is a common co-occurring condition in autism and impacts quality of life of autistic individuals and their families; autistic individuals who speak few or no words represent an under-researched group. This qualitative study aimed to understand more about parental recognition and management of anxiety in autistic individuals who speak few or no words. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents/carers of 17 autistic individuals (mage = 14.29) recruited from an existing participant database and social media adverts. Using thematic analysis, 15 themes were placed under three a-priori grand themes: parental recognition of anxiety; parental management of anxiety; and anxiety impact on the autistic individual and their family. Due to reduced verbal language use and overlap with other behaviours, parents described difficulties recognising anxiety in their child. However, they also described use of a number of management strategies, including some which overlap with components of evidence-based interventions for emotional and behavioural problems in autistic individuals (e.g. exposure/sensory calming). Despite this, parents reported that anxiety continues to have significant impact on quality of life. The findings of this study can help to inform the development of targeted intervention and assessment measures for anxiety in autistic individuals who speak few or no words. Lay abstract Anxiety is a common condition in autistic individuals, including those who also have an intellectual disability. Despite this, autistic individuals who have severe to profound intellectual disability, or use few or no words, are often excluded from autism research. There are also very few assessment tools and interventions with known effectiveness for autistic individuals with intellectual disability. In this study, we aimed to learn more about parent/carers experiences of recognising and managing anxiety in autistic individuals who use few or no words. We conducted semi-structured interviews with parents and carers to address three research questions: (1) what techniques and management strategies do parents describe for anxiety-related behaviour in their child; (2) how do communication difficulties impact parental understanding and management of anxiety provoking situations and behaviours; (3) what is the impact of anxiety-related behaviours on the quality of life of autistic individuals and their families? During the interviews, parents described difficulties recognising anxiety in their child, mostly due to reduced verbal language use and anxiety behaviours overlapping with other behaviours (e.g. autism characteristics). However, parents also described use of a number of management strategies, including some which overlap with components of evidence-based interventions for emotional and behavioural problems in autistic individuals (e.g. exposure/sensory calming). Despite this, parents reported that anxiety continues to have significant impact on quality of life. We will use the findings of this study to inform future research to develop assessment tools and interventions for anxiety in autistic individuals who use few or no words.

scholarly journals Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on Some Health Aspects of Children and Adolescents: Evidence Based Review Article

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-161
Author(s):  
Aqeel Abbas Noaman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mobile Phone Usage ◽  
The Brain

The Wi-Fi devices in mobile phones have a key role in exchanging information and data to show images, audios, videos, and to transfer applications from mobile emitting radio waves. These waves emitted by mobile devices are radiofrequency waves, where many kinds of researches in this field have shown that they negatively affect, especially when using the mobile phone for a long time during the day on the vision and the level of hearing in the young people, as well as the effect on the nervous system caused Headache and muscle aches, as well, it has also been derived from these researches and studies that these waves can cause more depression or psychological stress in children and young users of mobile phones. Moreover, it can cause damage to the brain cells and may have caused a brain tumor even though many studies have not proved it. Also, these studies, which were presented in this article, have concluded that the use of mobile phones, especially late at night, can negatively affect the quality of sleep.

scholarly journals Fetal Therapy for Isolated Aqueductal Stenosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Emery ◽  
Stephanie Greene ◽  
William Allen Hogge
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Neurologic Injury ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

Aqueductal stenosis (AS) is a form of noncommunicating hydrocephalus, which causes increased intracranial pressure secondary to obstruction of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Relief of intracranial pressure in the fetus by ventriculoamniotic shunting may diminish or even prevent permanent neurologic injury. Shunting was attempted in the 1980s but was abandoned due to technical difficulties. Given the advances in prenatal diagnosis and fetal intervention over the last 3 decades, we believe that an evidence-based reevaluation of the option is timely and appropriate. The aim of this review article is to discuss the clinical significance of the diagnosis of AS, current management strategies, current diagnostic capabilities, new shunt technology, and barriers to progress. Finally, we will advance a research agenda that will provide evidence-based management recommendations.

scholarly journals Strengths and Pitfalls of Meta-Analysis Reports in Vesicoureteral Reflux

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
K. Afshar ◽  
A. E. MacNeily
Keyword(s):  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Patient Selection Criteria ◽  
High Level

There are many ongoing controversies surrounding vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). These include variable aspects of this common congenital anomaly. Lack of evidence-based recommendations has prolonged the debate. Systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analysis (MA) are considered high-level evidence. The purpose of this review article is to summarize and critically appraise the available SR/MA pertaining to VUR. We also discuss the strength and pitfalls of SR/MA in general. A thorough literature search identified 9 SRs/MAs relevant to VUR. Both authors critically reviewed these articles for contents and methodological issues. There are many concerns about the quality of the studies included in these SRs. Clinical heterogeneity stemming from different patient selection criteria, interventions, and outcome definitions is a major issue. In spite of major advances in understanding different aspects of VUR in the last few decades, there is a paucity of randomized controlled trials in this field.

The Use of Neck Support Pillows and Postural Exercises in the Management of Chronic Neck Pain

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1871-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha N. Jamal ◽  
Brian M. Feldman ◽  
Eleanor Pullenayegum
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chronic Neck Pain ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
Full Factorial

Objective.Chronic neck pain is a common problem with a profound effect on quality of life. Identifying evidence-based management strategies is fundamental in improving patient outcomes. This study is a reanalysis of the data from Helewa, et al to further characterize the effects of postural exercises and neck support pillows on neck pain.Methods.A full factorial model was used. All interactions were analyzed adjusting for the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) at baseline.Results.Postural exercises significantly decreased NPQ scores at ≥ 3 weeks, and the use of a neck support pillow significantly decreased NPQ scores at ≥ 12 weeks.Conclusion.These interventions could be beneficial in reducing neck pain symptoms.

Utilization of gabapentin for cough in cancer: A case series.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 241-241
Author(s):  
Josephine Louella Feliciano ◽  
A. Rab Razzak ◽  
Julie Waldfogel ◽  
Danielle J Doberman ◽  
Thomas J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Chronic Idiopathic Cough

241 Background: Refractory cough is a significant problem for cancer patients. Therapeutic options are suboptimal and based on low quality of evidence. Gabapentin is a gamma aminobutyric acid analog that may regulate neurotransmitter release via activity at the alpha-2-delta subunit of voltage dependent calcium channels. It is hypothesized to ameliorate cough through a central mechanism and is effective in relieving chronic refractory idiopathic cough. However, gabapentin has not been studied in cancer patients with cough. We report the use of gabapentin for chronic, refractory cough in adult cancer patients. Methods: We identified 3 male patients with metastatic cancer evaluated by palliative care for refractory cough. Data regarding diagnosis previous treatments for cough, dosage of gabapentin, and symptomatic outcomes are reported. Results: Case 1 is a 68 y.o. male with NSCLC and malignant pleural effusion had chronic cough despite thoracentesis that was associated with fatigue, sleep disturbance, and worsened with movement, pain, and sitting upright. Previous treatment for cough included benzonatate, codeine, dextromethorphan, albuterol inhaler, and ranitidine, without relief. He received gabapentin 300 mg three times a day. Case 2 was a 68 y.o. with NSCLC and a left mainstem bronchus obstructive mass not amenable to stent. Cough was associated with eating and sleep disturbance, and he could not lie flat for radiation planning. He received gabapentin 300 mg at night. Case 3 was a 48 y.o. with salivary duct carcinoma and a cavitary S. Pyogenes pneumonia treated with antibiotics and chest tube drainage and had persistent cough. He received gabapentin 300 at night. All patients had cough relief within 24 hours and were controlled until death. Conclusions: Gabapentin at doses up to 1800 mg per day has been studied in refractory chronic idiopathic cough and found effective relative to placebo with significantly more improvement in cough frequency, severity, and quality of life. Chronic cough in cancer patients can be a debilitating symptom and interventions are inadequately effective, with little quality evidence to support their use. Our case series suggests that further studies of gabapentin in cancer-related chronic cough are warranted.

Evidence-Based Behavior Management Strategies for Students With or At Risk of EBD: A Mega Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 074193252110479
Author(s):  
Benjamin S. Riden ◽  
Skip Kumm ◽  
Daniel M. Maggin
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Behavior

Evidence-based practices (EBPs) are strategies shown through rigorous experimentation to be effective when implemented as designed by educators in the field. The purpose of this review is to (a) describe the state and quality of evidence-based reviews and meta-analyses of studies on classroom and behavior management interventions for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs) and (b) summarize practices which can be deemed evidence-based. We identified 50 meta-analytic or systematic reviews, encompassing 20 interventions implemented solely or in part with students with EBD. In total, our review identified eight interventions classified as EBPs for supporting students labeled with EBD in the meta-analytic literature. Implications for future research are presented.

scholarly journals CO-MORBIDITY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Dharmang Tansukhray Pandya
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Rheumatic Heart ◽  
Made In

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease related to swelling of joints which leads to restriction in movement due to pain and deformity in mainly in feet, ankle, wrist and fingers. It is an autoimmune disease and the manifestations caused due to its occurrence are not clearly understood. In today’s time, it has been observed that comorbid conditions account for most of the deaths as they influence the outcome of RA and limit therapeutic options. The most common comorbid conditions which are diagnosed in RA patients are generally cardiovascular abnormalities, several infections, certain mental disorders and malignancies. Among which cardiovascular comorbid diseases are the most common kind relating to disorders of heart and blood vessel that eventually leads to severe conditions like angina, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, rheumatic heart disease and many more. RA affects the quality of life of patients directly or indirectly but it mainly shows a significant increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Hence, it is essential to diagnose and understand about the related manifestations when one is suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis. These studies will aid to make better treatment and management strategies. Hence, an attempt has been made in this review article regarding the epidemiology, impact of both the diseases and related risk factors. It also gives information in brief about the pathological causes of the comorbidity and summarizes measures that may be used in the prevention and treatment of these conditions.

scholarly journals What’s new in the management of adult bronchiectasis?

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usma Koser ◽  
Adam Hill
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Research Guidelines ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Future Management

Bronchiectasis is a heterogeneous, chronic condition with many aetiologies. It poses a significant burden on patients and healthcare practitioners and services. Clinical exacerbations often result in reduced quality of life, increased rate of lung function decline, increased hospitalisation, and mortality. Recent focus in respiratory research, guidelines, and future management options has improved this clinical field in evidence-based practice, but further work and phase III clinical trials are required. This article aims to summarise and explore advances in management strategies in recent years and highlight areas of research and future focus.

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