scholarly journals P200 Acceptability of a brief fatigue intervention for patients with inflammatory arthritis: a qualitative process evaluation

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Berry ◽  
Susan Bridgewater ◽  
Bryan Abbott ◽  
Jo Adams ◽  
Emma Dures
Keyword(s):  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Data Set ◽  
One To One ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background/Aims  Patients with inflammatory arthritis report fatigue as a primary symptom that affects everyday life. FREE-IA (Fatigue - Reducing its Effects through individualised support Episodes in Inflammatory Arthritis) is a feasibility study of a brief intervention (2-4 sessions of 20-30 minutes) designed to reduce fatigue impact. The intervention designed with patients and health professionals is delivered by rheumatology practitioners in one-to-one sessions, after training and using a manual. The aim of this process evaluation was to understand the perspectives of patients and practitioners in FREE-IA. Methods  One-to-one telephone interviews were conducted with patients who had received the intervention and practitioners who had delivered it. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and anonymised. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used to identify and analyse patterns within each data set. Results  Twenty-two patients, and eight practitioners across the five sites participated. We identified four patient and three practitioner themes. Patient themes: Collaborative, non-judgemental consultations: participants reported positive relationships in which their fatigue was validated, and they were able to reflect. They expressed their preference for a responsive, flexible approach to sessions, rather than a rigid, ‘protocolised’ approach. Relevant and useful, but not ground-breaking: participants appreciated the opportunity to tailor content to their individual priorities. They found it helpful to visualise fatigue and identified daily dairies as useful. Although the content was not seen as ground-breaking, it provided focus. Insights and self-awareness: sessions increased participants’ awareness of lifestyle factors and patterns influencing their fatigue, which increased their sense of control and confidence to manage fatigue. Degrees of openness to change: sessions prompted some participants to engage in positive behaviour change or make plans for changes. However, some participants expressed frustration, explaining that it was not the right time because their lives were complicated. Practitioner themes: Engagement with the intervention: practitioners liked training face-to-face with peers and their enjoyment of the intervention increased with experience of delivery. However, for practitioners with extensive experience of providing fatigue support, the low level of treatment intensity and the manualised approach limited the perceived usefulness of the intervention. Research versus clinical practice: practitioners expressed concern about fitting sessions into clinic appointments, and it was often a challenge to offer patients a follow-up session within the proposed two-week time frame. Collaborating with patients: practitioners reported that many patients were willing to try the tools and strategies. While some practitioners followed the manual in a linear way, others used it more flexibly. Conclusion  There is potential for this brief fatigue intervention to benefit patients. Future research will focus on flexibility to fit with local services and creating educational learning resources for practitioners to use in a range of contexts. Disclosure  A. Berry: None. S. Bridgewater: None. B. Abbott: None. J. Adams: None. E. Dures: None.

scholarly journals O26 Testing an intervention to reduce fatigue impact in inflammatory arthritis: design and outcomes of a single-arm feasibility study

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Bridgewater ◽  
Joe Lomax ◽  
Bryan Abbott ◽  
Jo Adams ◽  
Alice Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
One To One

Abstract Background/Aims  Patients with inflammatory arthritis report that fatigue can be a challenging symptom to manage, with little support available. In response, we developed a brief one-to-one cognitive-behavioural manualised intervention, delivered by rheumatology health professionals (RHPs), to help patients manage their fatigue. Methods  We designed a single-arm feasibility study called FREE-IA (Fatigue - Reducing its Effects through individualised support Episodes in Inflammatory Arthritis). Patients were eligible if they were ≥18 years, had a clinician confirmed diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis, scored ≥6/10 on the BRAF NRS Fatigue Impact with fatigue that they considered recurrent, frequent, and/or persistent, and were not accessing support for their fatigue. Following training, RHPs delivered 2-4 one-to-one sessions to participants. The initial two core sessions were delivered face-to-face in clinic; participants then had the option of up to two further sessions, either in clinic, by telephone or online. We proposed delivering sessions 1 and 2 within two weeks of each other, and sessions 3 and 4 in the following two weeks. Baseline data were collected before the first session (T0), and outcomes at six weeks (T1) and six months (T2). The primary outcome was fatigue impact (BRAF NRS Fatigue Effect), collected by telephone. Secondary outcomes included fatigue severity, fatigue coping, multi-dimensional impact of fatigue, disease impact and disability and measures of therapeutic mechanism (self-efficacy, and perceived confidence and autonomy to manage health). These outcomes were collected by post. This study allowed us to test the feasibility and acceptability of RHP training, study design and materials, intervention delivery and outcome collection, ahead of a possible RCT to determine intervention effectiveness. Results  Eight RHPs at five hospitals delivered 113 sessions to 46 participants. Four sessions were delivered by phone and none online. Session 2 was only delivered within the two-week time frame for 37% of participants attending both core sessions. Out of a potential 138 primary and secondary outcome responses at T0, T1 and T2, there were 13 missing primary outcome responses and 27 missing secondary outcome responses. Results indicated improvements in all measures except disability at either T1 or T2, or both, with confidence intervals supporting an interpretation of improvement. Conclusion  We were able to design and deliver FREE-IA training to RHPs, deliver FREE-IA sessions to patients, and collect outcomes at three time points with low levels of attrition. Outcomes in all measures except disability were in a direction to suggest improvement at T1, T2, or both. Study numbers were small, there was no control group and regression to the mean was a possibility. However, outcomes were in the direction to cautiously suggest benefit, and there is evidence of promise of the intervention. A definitive RCT is the next step to test clinical and cost effectiveness of the intervention. Disclosure  S. Bridgewater: None. J. Lomax: None. B. Abbott: None. J. Adams: None. A. Berry: None. S. Creanor: None. P. Ewings: None. S. Hewlett: None. L. McCracken: None. M. Ndosi: None. J. Thorn: None. M. Urban: None. E. Dures: None.

Aircraft Propulsion System Accident Causal Analysis

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd D. Jack ◽  
Carl N. Ford ◽  
Shari-Beth Nadell ◽  
Vicki Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Causal Analysis ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Aircraft Propulsion System ◽  
Engine Type

A causal analysis of aviation accidents by engine type is presented. The analysis employs a top-down methodology that performs a detailed analysis of the causes and factors cited in accident reports to develop a “fingerprint” profile for each engine type. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of each fingerprint that produces a sequential breakdown. Analysis results of National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accidents, both fatal and non-fatal, that occurred during the time period of 1990–1998 are presented. Each data set is comprised of all accidents that involved aircraft with the following engine types: turbofan, turbojet, turboprop, and turboshaft (includes turbine helicopters). During this time frame there were 1461 accidents involving turbine powered aircraft; 306 of these involved propulsion malfunctions and/ or failures. Analyses are performed to investigate the sequential relationships between propulsion system malfunctions or failures with other causes and factors for each engine type. Other malfunctions or events prominent within each data set are also analyzed. Significant trends are identified. The results from this study can be used to identify areas for future research into intervention, prevention, and mitigation strategies.

Online repatronage intention: an empirical study among Malaysian experienced online shoppers

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Rezaei ◽  
Muslim Amin ◽  
Wan Khairuzzaman Wan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Online Shopping ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Shoppers ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Prior studies mostly investigate initial shopping intention in developed countries. The purpose of this paper is to sketch and determine the impact of perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived value (PV), trust (TRT), perceived risk (PR), privacy concern (PC), internet literacy (IL), satisfaction (SAT) on online repatronage intention (ORI) among Malaysian experienced online shoppers. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 219 valid questionnaires were collected via an online survey among experienced online shoppers across young and old students aged 18-31. Subsequently, the two-step structural equation modelling (SEM) technique was employed to empirically examine the proposed integrative theoretical research framework and model fit with maximum likelihood estimation. Findings – The statistical analyses support the relationships between PU, PV, TRT and SAT with ORI while the relationships between PEOU, PR, PC and IL with ORI were rejected in which all the factors affecting ORI occur similarly across the study sample. The behaviour of experienced online shoppers was found to be different from findings of previous literature that examined initial adoption and intention. Due to the lack of distinction in the literature concerning experienced and inexperienced shoppers, our results show inconsistencies with prior research in examining ORI. Research limitations/implications – The paper suggests that future research consider multicultural analysis, atmosphere design, developing internet methodology and the role of flow experience in determining ORI. The research limitations and implications are also discussed. Practical implications – By realizing the differences between inexperienced shoppers and experienced shoppers, online retailers should segment these groups more effectively and should implement a different marketing strategy to target the right segment, right shoppers along with the right marketing tactic. The antecedents of future intention of online shopping are influenced by various variables because the human behaviour is sophisticated in nature. Thus, academicians and practitioners should realize the implications of examining their target population/market based on an assessment of different antecedents. Originality/value – This study is among the few attempts to examine attitudes and behaviour of Malaysian experienced online shoppers who have formed relevant experiences and skills in online shopping. Additionally, the paper empirically examine and distinct user perception of online retail attributes (including PU, PEOU, PV and PR), pre-purchase user attitudes (including TRT, PC, IL) and post-purchase users attitudes (including SAT) in forming ORI simultaneously.

Dynamics and drivers of High Mountain Asia’s glacier change from the mid 1980s to late 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Loibl ◽  
Georgy Ayzel ◽  
Fiona Clubb ◽  
Inge Grünberg ◽  
Jan Nitzbon
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Glacier Change ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Data Set

<p>For only two out of more than 95 * 10³ glaciers in High Mountain Asia (HMA) a continuous time series of mass balance measurements covering more than 30 years (World Glacier Monitoring Service’s ‘reference glaciers’) is available to date. Considering that both glaciers are located in the Tian Shan Range, i.e. the northernmost part of HMA, and that glacier changes in HMA is known to be heterogeneous in space and time, it is clear that a substantial knowledge gap exists regarding the actual dynamics at individual glaciers and their forcing. </p><p>Here, we present a novel data set of transient snowline altitude (TSLA) measurements covering all glaciers > 0.5 km² in HMA (n=28,501) for a time frame from the mid 1980s to late 2019 based on more than 10⁵ Landsat satellite images, allowing for investigations of the characteristics of glacier change at unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution and coverage.</p><p>Individual glacier’s total maxima of end-of-season TSLAs for the whole period of observation clearly highlight years with many (i.e. 1994, 2009, 2013, 2015) and few (i.e. 1995, 2003, 2012) maxima. Out of the glaciers that show a significant trend throughout the observation period, 90.8% have a positive trend with a median TSLA rise of 7.0 m/year. These figures increase to 95.8% and 13.8 m/year, when only observations of the last two decades are considered.</p><p>Based on ERA5 meteorological time series and fundamental physiographic glacier characteristics from the Randolph Glacier Inventory v6, we investigated drivers of the observed TSLA fluctuations. Consistent with expectations, a Random Forest analysis finds temperature to be the dominant meteorological driver of TSLA dynamics throughout all regions of HMA when whole years are considered. Conversely, meteorological forcing regimes are highly heterogeneous for different glaciers in the ablation phase, with wind, air temperature and incoming shortwave radiation being the dominant TSLA drivers for the majority of glaciers in HMA. Considering regional domains, TSLA dynamics are considerably determined by physiographic factors, such as latitude, longitude, hypsographic characteristics, slope and aspect of individual glaciers. A hierarchical clustering analysis shows distinct groups of similar forcing setups exist; Their spatial distribution, however, rather follows specific positions in the topoclimatic system than forming distinct regional clusters or aligning to large-scale gradients.</p><p>In summary, our findings indicate that spatial and temporal patterns of glacier change in HMA are considerably more complex than currently known. Multidecadal high-resolution TSLA datasets like the one presented here may inform future research to disentangle the complex topoclimatic process-response systems that control the adaptation of individual glaciers to climate change.</p>

Computed Tomography (CT) Attenuation Value in Relation with Body Dimension, Gender and Age in Malay population: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah Munirah Bohang ◽  
Zainul Ibrahim Zainuddin ◽  
Norhanna Suhoimi
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Dimension ◽  
Attenuation Value ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Ct Attenuation ◽  
Malay Population ◽  
Ct Attenuation Value

Interaction of CT’s x-ray beams with patient resulted in attenuation process and there are various factors affecting CT attenuation values. The aim of this review is to examine the existed literatures regarding the concept of attenuation in CT and its relationship with body dimension, gender and age in Malay population. Guided by primary question, literature searches were conducted using the established online database; SCOPUS and PubMed. The time frame for literatures was from 2000 to 2019 and only literatures in English language were selected. The size of body dimension has affected the CT attenuation value but it also depending on the type of tissue presence within the region of interest (ROI) such as muscle and fat tissues. Due to larger body framework and higher amount of skeletal muscle mass theoretically males would have higher CT attenuation value than female. CT attenuation value reduces with aging process. Asians including Malay population have smaller body dimension than Caucasians and the mean attenuation value of abdominal region in Asians could differ from 20 HU. Thus, there is a need for future research to investigate the interrelatedness of attenuation in CT (HU) and body dimension within Malay population and close this gap of knowledge. 

Transferrin-Conjugated Nanocarriers as Active-Targeted Drug Delivery Platforms for Cancer Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele R. Nogueira-Librelotto ◽  
Cristiane F. Codevilla ◽  
Ammad Farooqi ◽  
Clarice M. B. Rolim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Active Targeting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
The Right ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Target Effects

A lot of effort has been devoted to achieving active targeting for cancer therapy in order to reach the right cells. Hence, increasingly it is being realized that active-targeted nanocarriers notably reduce off-target effects, mainly because of targeted localization in tumors and active cellular uptake. In this context, by taking advantage of the overexpression of transferrin receptors on the surface of tumor cells, transferrin-conjugated nanodevices have been designed, in hope that the biomarker grafting would help to maximize the therapeutic benefit and to minimize the side effects. Notably, active targeting nanoparticles have shown improved therapeutic performances in different tumor models as compared to their passive targeting counterparts. In this review, current development of nano-based devices conjugated with transferrin for active tumor-targeting drug delivery are highlighted and discussed. The main objective of this review is to provide a summary of the vast types of nanomaterials that have been used to deliver different chemotherapeutics into tumor cells, and to ultimately evaluate the progression on the strategies for cancer therapy in view of the future research.

Construct Validity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard McCleary ◽  
David McDowall ◽  
Bradley J. Bartos
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

Chapter 8 focuses on threats to construct validity arising from the left-hand side time series and the right-hand side intervention model. Construct validity is limited to questions of whether an observed effect can be generalized to alternative cause and effect measures. The “talking out” self-injurious behavior time series, shown in Chapter 5, are examples of primary data. Researchers often have no choice but to use secondary data that were collected by third parties for purposes unrelated to any hypothesis test. Even in those less-than-ideal instances, however, an optimal time series can be constructed by limiting the time frame and otherwise paying attention to regime changes. Threats to construct validity that arise from the right-hand side intervention model, such as fuzzy or unclear onset and responses, are controlled by paying close attention to the underlying theory. Even a minimal theory should specify the onset and duration of an impact.

scholarly journals Phishing for Long Tails: Examining Organizational Repeat Clickers and Protective Stewards

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402199065
Author(s):  
Matthew Canham ◽  
Clay Posey ◽  
Delainey Strickland ◽  
Michael Constantino
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Computer Abuse ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Phishing Attacks ◽  
Long Tails ◽  
Motivated Behaviors ◽  
External Actors

Organizational cybersecurity efforts depend largely on the employees who reside within organizational walls. These individuals are central to the effectiveness of organizational actions to protect sensitive assets, and research has shown that they can be detrimental (e.g., sabotage and computer abuse) as well as beneficial (e.g., protective motivated behaviors) to their organizations. One major context where employees affect their organizations is phishing via email systems, which is a common attack vector used by external actors to penetrate organizational networks, steal employee credentials, and create other forms of harm. In analyzing the behavior of more than 6,000 employees at a large university in the Southeast United States during 20 mock phishing campaigns over a 19-month period, this research effort makes several contributions. First, employees’ negative behaviors like clicking links and then entering data are evaluated alongside the positive behaviors of reporting the suspected phishing attempts to the proper organizational representatives. The analysis displays evidence of both repeat clicker and repeat reporter phenomena and their frequency and Pareto distributions across the study time frame. Second, we find that employees can be categorized according to one of the four unique clusters with respect to their behavioral responses to phishing attacks—“Gaffes,” “Beacons,” “Spectators,” and “Gushers.” While each of the clusters exhibits some level of phishing failures and reports, significant variation exists among the employee classifications. Our findings are helpful in driving a new and more holistic stream of research in the realm of all forms of employee responses to phishing attacks, and we provide avenues for such future research.

scholarly journals Women’s Usage Behavior and Perceived Usefulness with Using a Mobile Health Application for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Mixed-Methods Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6670
Author(s):  
Shilpa Surendran ◽  
Chang Siang Lim ◽  
Gerald Choon Huat Koh ◽  
Tong Wei Yew ◽  
E Shyong Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Usage Behavior

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing, and only a few mobile health (mHealth) applications are specifically designed to manage GDM. In this mixed-methods study, a follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) analyzed a largely automated mHealth application-based lifestyle coaching program to (a) measure the application’s usage behavior and (b) explore users’ perceptions of its usefulness in GDM management. Quantitative data were collected from the 170 application users who had participated in the intervention arm of the RCT. Semi-structured interviews (n = 14) captured users’ experiences when using the application. Data were collected from June 2019 to January 2020. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, and interviews were analyzed thematically. Only 57/170 users (34%) logged at least one meal, and only 35 meals on average were logged for eight weeks because of the incorrectly worded food items and limited food database. On the contrary, an average of 1.85 (SD = 1.60) weight values were logged per week since the weight tracking component was easy to use. Many users (6/14 (43%)) mentioned that the automatic coach messages created an immediate sense of self-awareness in food choices and motivated behavior. The findings suggest that for GDM management, a largely automated mHealth application has the potential to promote self-awareness of healthy lifestyle choices, reducing the need for intensive human resources. Additionally, several gaps in the application’s design were identified which need to be addressed in future works.

scholarly journals The COVID Connection: Pandemic Anxiety, COVID-19 Comprehension, and Digital Confidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110031
Author(s):  
Laura Robinson ◽  
Jeremy Schulz ◽  
Øyvind N. Wiborg ◽  
Elisha Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Partner Status ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Nationally Representative

This article presents logistic models examining how pandemic anxiety and COVID-19 comprehension vary with digital confidence among adults in the United States during the first wave of the pandemic. As we demonstrate statistically with a nationally representative data set, the digitally confident have lower probability of experiencing physical manifestations of pandemic anxiety and higher probability of adequately comprehending critical information on COVID-19. The effects of digital confidence on both pandemic anxiety and COVID-19 comprehension persist, even after a broad range of potentially confounding factors are taken into account, including sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, metropolitan status, and partner status. They also remain discernable after the introduction of general anxiety, as well as income and education. These results offer evidence that the digitally disadvantaged experience greater vulnerability to the secondary effects of the pandemic in the form of increased somatized stress and decreased COVID-19 comprehension. Going forward, future research and policy must make an effort to address digital confidence and digital inequality writ large as crucial factors mediating individuals’ responses to the pandemic and future crises.

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