RESEARCH ON PASSIVE SOIL DEPRESSURIZATION SYSTEMS: STATE OF THE ART AND LAB TEST ON-GOING

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
Marta Fuente ◽  
Le Chi Hung ◽  
Jamie Goggins ◽  
Mark Foley
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Granular Fill ◽  
Number Of Bends ◽  
Lab Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Buildings

Abstract There is strong evidence both internationally and in Ireland that the correct installation of passive prevention systems in new buildings is the most cost-effective way of protecting the population against radon. Previous work considering membranes, granular fill material in the aggregate layer beneath the slab and sump system has been conducted in Ireland to improve the protection of buildings from radon. The implications of research on passive sumps potential to reduce radon concentrations are significant, as if it can be shown that the installation of passive sumps in Irish building is effective; this could constitute a low-cost, passive, sustainable method for minimizing radon levels in buildings. On-going experimental tests investigating the performance of different common cowls used for passive soil depressurization systems are presented, in addition to the impact of different vertical heights and horizontal lengths of pipe with a number of bends investigated.

Motivating Compliance: Firm Response to Mandatory Disclosure Policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Boland ◽  
Chris E. Hogan ◽  
Marilyn F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulated Firms ◽  
Firm Response ◽  
Disclosure Rules ◽  
The Impact

SYNOPSIS Mandatory existence disclosure rules require an organization to disclose a policy's existence, but not its content. We examine policy adoption frequencies in the year immediately after the IRS required mandatory existence disclosure by nonprofits of various governance policies. We also examine adoption frequencies in the year of the subsequent change from mandatory existence disclosure to a disclose-and-explain regime that required supplemental disclosures about the content and implementation of conflict of interest policies. Our results suggest that in areas where there is unclear regulatory authority, mandatory existence disclosure is an effective and low cost regulatory device for encouraging the adoption of policies desired by regulators, provided those policies are cost-effective for regulated firms to implement. In addition, we find that disclose-and-explain regulatory regimes provide stronger incentives for policy adoption than do mandatory existence disclosure regimes and also discourage “check the box” behavior. Future research should examine the impact of mandatory existence disclosure rules in the year that the regulation is implemented. Data Availability: Data are available from sources cited in the text.

Impact response of a low-cost randomly oriented fiber foam core sandwich panel

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (25) ◽  
pp. 3429-3444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Buenrostro ◽  
Daniel Whisler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Foam Core ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Three-dimensional fiber-reinforced foam cores may have improved mechanical properties under specific strain rates and fiber volumes. But its performance as a core in a composite sandwich structure has not been fully investigated. This study explored different manufacturing techniques for the three-dimensional fiber-reinforced foam core using existing literature as a guideline to provide a proof of concept for a low-cost and easily repeatable method comprised of readily available materials. The mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced foam were determined using a three-point bend test and compared to unreinforced polyurethane foam. The foam was then used in a sandwich panel and subjected to dynamic loading by means of a gas gun (103 s−1). High-strain impact tests validated previously published studies by showing, qualitatively and quantitatively, an 18–20% reduction in the maximum force experienced by the fiber-reinforced core and its ability to dissipate the impact force in the foam core sandwich panel. The results show potential for this cost-effective manufacturing method to produce an improved composite foam core sandwich panel for applications where high-velocity impacts are probable. This has the potential to reduce manufacturing and operating costs while improving performance.

scholarly journals On-Body Characterization of Planar Differential Antennas for Multiple, Wide, and Narrow Bands

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Luigi Vallozzi ◽  
Domenico Pepe ◽  
Thijs Castel ◽  
Hendrik Rogier ◽  
Domenico Zito
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Narrow Bands

This paper reports the results of the on-body experimental tests of a set of four planar differential antennas, originated by design variations of radiating elements with the same shape and characterized by the potential for covering wide and narrow bands. All the antenna designs have been implemented on low-cost FR4 substrate and characterized experimentally through on-body measurements. The results show the impact of the proximity to the human body on antenna performance and the opportunities in terms of potential coverage of wide and narrow bands for future ad hoc designs and implementations through wearable substrates targeting on-body and off-body communication and sensing applications.

scholarly journals Automatic Threshold on Current based Anti-pinch Mechanism for Power Windows

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Kunto Wibowo ◽  
Seok-Kwon Jeong ◽  
Sam-Sang You ◽  
Lee Jaemin
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Threshold Method ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Safety Mechanism ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Optimal Calculation

<span>In this paper, the automotive power window has been integrated with an advanced safety mechanism called anti-pinch system for good protection. Based on a contact method, a new safety mechanism using a low-cost technology has been proposed to set a threshold value as a limit to decide the pinch condition, or automatic threshold method. The electric current information is easily detected by using current sensor installed on a motor driver without incorporating extra device. Then the pinch condition is quickly reflected and calculated by using current information in the system. Since the automatic threshold is decided by analyzing system behavior in advance, the optimal calculation can be guaranteed and then applied it on the safety mechanism in a cost-effective manner. Through extensive experimental tests, the squeezing forces of the proposed anti-pinch system have been verified to satisfy requirements of the FMVSS 118 regulations.</span>

scholarly journals Mapping Human Transient Transcriptomes Using Single Nucleotide Resolution 4sU Sequencing (SNU-Seq)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Mellor ◽  
Phillip Lorenz ◽  
Anna Lamstaes ◽  
Harry J Fischl ◽  
Shidong Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Nascent Rna ◽  
Nucleotide Resolution ◽  
Nascent Transcripts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Single Nucleotide Resolution

Genomes are pervasively transcribed leading to stable and unstable transcripts that define functional regions of genomes and contribute to cellular phenotypes. Defining comprehensive nascent transcriptomes is pivotal to understand gene regulation, disease processes, and the impact of extracellular signals on cells. However, currently employed methods are laborious, technically challenging and costly. We developed single-nucleotide resolution 4sU-sequencing (SNU-Seq), involving pulse labelling, biotinylation and direct isolation of nascent transcripts. Artificial poly-(A)-tailing of the 3' most nucleotide of nascent transcripts ensures oligo-d(T) primer-based library preparation and sequencing using commercial 3' RNA-Seq kits. We show that SNU-Seq is a cost-effective new method generating even read profiles across transcription units. We used SNU-Seq to identify transcription elongation parameters, to map usage of polyadenylation (PAS) sites and novel enhancers. Remarkably, 4sU labelled nascent RNA accumulates short ~100nt transcripts that map to the 5' end of genes. We show that isolation of these short nascent RNA and sequencing the 5' and 3' ends using size-selected SNU-Seq (ssSNU-Seq) provides highly sensitive annotations of mapped and novel TSSs, promoter-proximal pause/termination sites. Thus, SNU-seq and ssSNU-seq combined yield comprehensive transcriptomics data at low cost with high spatial and temporal resolution.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Alternative Relative Orientation Procedures for UAV-based Imagery with Prior Flight Trajectory Information

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B3 ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. He ◽  
A. Habib
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Relative Orientation ◽  
Conjugate Points ◽  
Flying Height ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
The Impact

Thanks to recent advances at the hardware (e.g., emergence of reliable platforms at low cost) and software (e.g., automated identification of conjugate points in overlapping images) levels, UAV-based 3D reconstruction has been widely used in various applications. However, mitigating the impact of outliers in automatically matched points in UAV imagery, especially when dealing with scenes that has poor and/or repetitive texture, remains to be a challenging task. In spite of the fact that existing literature has already demonstrated that incorporating prior motion information can play an important role in increasing the reliability of the matching process, there is a lack of methodologies that are mainly suited for UAV imagery. Assuming the availability of prior information regarding the trajectory of a UAV-platform, this paper presents a two-point approach for reliable estimation of Relative Orientation Parameters (ROPs) of UAV-based images. This approach is based on the assumption that the UAV platform is moving at a constant flying height while maintaining the camera in a nadir-looking orientation. For this flight scenario, a closed-form solution that can be derived using a minimum of two pairs of conjugate points is established. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, experimental tests using real stereo-pairs acquired from different UAV platforms have been conducted. The derived results from the comparative performance analysis against the Nistér five-point approach demonstrate that the proposed two-point approach is capable of providing reliable estimate of the ROPs from UAV-based imagery in the presence of poor and/or repetitive texture with high percentage of matching outliers.

School Health and Nutrition: Policy and Programs

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2_suppl2) ◽  
pp. S186-S192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Bundy
Keyword(s):  
School Health ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

This paper argues that there is now reliable evidence that ill health and malnutrition affect education access, participation, completion, and achievement, and that school-based health and nutrition programs can provide a cost-effective and low-cost solution. International coordination around this issue has been helped by a consensus framework to “Focus Resources on Effective School Health (FRESH),” developed jointly by UNESCO, WHO, UNICEF, Education International, and the World Bank, and launched at the World Education Forum in Dakar in April 2000 as part of the global effort to achieve the goal of Education for All (EFA). The need for school health and nutrition programs as part of EFA actions is now recognized by both countries and development partners, and examples of successful practical sector programs that have gone to scale are presented for both low- and middle-income countries. This paper argues that, despite this progress, there are two key unresolved issues related to the targeting of nutrition interventions toward school-age children. The first concerns the role of food as an incentive for participation in education, and the second concerns the appropriate target age group for nutrition interventions. It is suggested that finding clear answers to these key policy questions in nutrition could profoundly influence the impact of future school health and nutrition programs.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Alternative Relative Orientation Procedures for UAV-based Imagery with Prior Flight Trajectory Information

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B3 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
F. He ◽  
A. Habib
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Relative Orientation ◽  
Conjugate Points ◽  
Flying Height ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
The Impact

Thanks to recent advances at the hardware (e.g., emergence of reliable platforms at low cost) and software (e.g., automated identification of conjugate points in overlapping images) levels, UAV-based 3D reconstruction has been widely used in various applications. However, mitigating the impact of outliers in automatically matched points in UAV imagery, especially when dealing with scenes that has poor and/or repetitive texture, remains to be a challenging task. In spite of the fact that existing literature has already demonstrated that incorporating prior motion information can play an important role in increasing the reliability of the matching process, there is a lack of methodologies that are mainly suited for UAV imagery. Assuming the availability of prior information regarding the trajectory of a UAV-platform, this paper presents a two-point approach for reliable estimation of Relative Orientation Parameters (ROPs) of UAV-based images. This approach is based on the assumption that the UAV platform is moving at a constant flying height while maintaining the camera in a nadir-looking orientation. For this flight scenario, a closed-form solution that can be derived using a minimum of two pairs of conjugate points is established. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, experimental tests using real stereo-pairs acquired from different UAV platforms have been conducted. The derived results from the comparative performance analysis against the Nistér five-point approach demonstrate that the proposed two-point approach is capable of providing reliable estimate of the ROPs from UAV-based imagery in the presence of poor and/or repetitive texture with high percentage of matching outliers.

scholarly journals Improved Attitude and Heading Accuracy with Double Quaternion Parameters Estimation and Magnetic Disturbance Rejection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5475
Author(s):  
Assefinew Wondosen ◽  
Jin-Seok Jeong ◽  
Seung-Ki Kim ◽  
Yisak Debele ◽  
Beom-Soo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Determination ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
External Noise ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Magnetic Disturbance ◽  
Error Covariance ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Heading Estimation ◽  
The Impact

The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications has grown rapidly over the past decade with the introduction of low-cost microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based sensors that measure angular velocity, gravity, and magnetic field, which are important for an object orientation determination. However, the use of low-cost sensors has also been limited because their readings are easily distorted by unwanted internal and/or external noise signals such as environmental magnetic disturbance, which lead to errors in attitude and heading estimation results. In an extended Kalman filter (EKF) process, this study proposes a method for mitigating the effect of magnetic disturbance on attitude determination by using a double quaternion parameters for representation of orientation states, which decouples the magnetometer from attitude computation. Additionally, an online measurement error covariance matrix tuning system was implemented to reject the impact of magnetic disturbance on the heading estimation. Simulation and experimental tests were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed methods in resolving the magnetic noise effect on attitude and heading. The results showed that the proposed method performed better than complimentary, gradient descent, and single quaternion-based EKF.

scholarly journals STUDY OF FERMENTATION PROCESSES OF POULTRY EXCRETA UNDER THE IMPACT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ADDITIVE “MEFOSFON”

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Фатих Сибагатуллин ◽  
Fatih Sibagatullin ◽  
Зульфия Халиуллина ◽  
Zul'fiya Haliullina ◽  
Айсылу Сафиуллина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Problem ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Active Additive ◽  
Melamine Salt ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stimulation Of

In article the current problem of agriculture – utilization of livestock waste is considered. Heads of the enterprises are interested in introduction of the low-cost schemes of utilization allowing to process into short terms waste in safe products. In this work it is considered the possibility of processing of waste by means of the Mefosfon dietary supplement representing melamine salt encore (oxymethyl) of fosfinovy acid. The possibility of acceleration of process of "maturing" of navoz due to stimulation of microbic activity in waste is supposed. Results of a research of fermentation of a bespodstilochny chicken dung and dung are given in an opilochny laying with Mefosfon's addition and Baikal-EM1. The intensity of process of biodestruction of nitrogen-containing connections was estimated on change of maintenance of ions of ammonium (NH4+) which was determined by a photocolorimetric method by Romashkevich. Acceleration of processes of ammonification at addition in medicine Mefosfon waste is shown. Reduction of concentration of ammoniyny nitrogen in the samples processed by Melafen in combination with the microbic medicine Baikal-EM1 up to 30% in 4 months of an experiment is recorded. Biotesting of experimental tests has shown decrease in toxicity of a dung with III to the IV class. At the same time it was noted that the negative impact on hydrobionts of the tests processed by medicines was lower than 1,5-2 times of control tests without processing medicines.

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