The Reinvention of Immigration Detention in Italy in the Aftermath of the “Refugee Crisis”: A Study of Parliamentary Records (2013–2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-403
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Campesi
Keyword(s):  
Border Control ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Control Regime ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The aim of this article is to explore the peculiarity of Italian policies on immigration detention and their evolution over time. This will be done by highlighting the main factors that might explain the apparent political disinvestment in immigration detention in Italy, in particular in the years between 2013 and 2015, and account for the turnaround in approach announced and then implemented by the two Interior Ministers in charge between 2017 and 2019. The article uses the Italian case as an opportunity to explore the functions that are assigned to immigration detention in destination countries. In particular, it considers whether or not it can be argued that immigration detention in Italy has been “reinvented” (meaning that its functions have somewhat changed) as a consequence of the so-called “refugee crisis” and in light of Italy’s specific position in the contemporary geopolitics of the EU’s border control regime.

The visual international politics of the European refugee crisis: Tragedy, humanitarianism, borders

2021 ◽  
pp. 001083672198936
Author(s):  
Lene Hansen ◽  
Rebecca Adler-Nissen ◽  
Katrine Emilie Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Visual Content ◽  
Visual Discourse ◽  
News Photography ◽  
European Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Eu

The European refugee crisis has been communicated visually through images such as those of Alan Kurdi lying dead on the beach, by body bags on the harbor front of Lampedusa, by people walking through Europe and by border guards and fences. This article examines the broader visual environment within which EU policy-making took place from October 2013 to October 2015. It identifies ‘tragedy’ as the key term used by the EU to explain its actions and decisions and points out that discourses of humanitarianism and border control were both in place. The article provides a theoretical account of how humanitarianism and border control might be visualized by news photography. Adopting a multi-method design and analyzing a dataset of more than 1000 photos, the article presents a visual discourse analysis of five generic iconic motifs and a quantitative visual content analysis of shifts and continuity across four moments in time. The article connects these visual analyses to the policies and discourses of the EU holding that the ambiguity of the EU’s discourse was mirrored by the wider visual environment.

scholarly journals PASSENGER MANIFEST DATA MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS ON IMMIGRATION EXAMINATION ON THE IMMIGRATION CROSSING APPLICATION (APK) AT IMMIGRATION EXAMINATION AT HUSEIN SASTRANEGARA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Rizky Andarujati
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Airline Passenger ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Control Management ◽  
Over Time

The existence of the system used by humans over time will experience problems or problems and increase the system requirements needed by system users. One of the applications of SIMKIM at the Air Immigration Checkpoint (TPI) is the Immigration Crossing Application (APK) system. This APK is a transformation of the Border Control Management (BCM) system which has the function of capturing, verifying, matching, and recording data contained in electronic travel documents, namely passports and other travel documents such as visas, travel document readers, biographical & biometric identities, watch lists , automatic border control. If the airline passenger manifest has been integrated with the APK system, the immigration check can be more efficient in terms of how much input is made to produce maximum output, the application of which can be a comparison of the inputs carried out in the immigration inspection process using an integrated APK system to get maximum output in the form of fast immigration checks and accurate data because it is supported by the passenger manifest data.

Japan and the Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Reimann
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Politics ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
International Status ◽  
Global Environmental Issues ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines the evolution of environmental politics in Japan over the postwar period and identifies the main factors and actors shaping environmental policy. The literature on Japanese environmental politics has shifted its focus over time from domestic to global environmental issues, mirroring transformations in Japan’s political economy and international status. After successfully confronting the domestic problem of severe pollution in the 1970s and early 1980s, Japan became one of the world’s largest donors of environmental foreign aid, starting in the early 1990s and continuing today. Throughout all periods, there have been continuities as well as changes. In terms of representation and democracy, the Japanese state has consistently prioritized concerns of business and local governments in the policymaking process. In addition to having greater voice, these constituencies have also benefited materially from policies through their access to various green funds. In contrast, NGOs and citizens have tended to be left out of policy discussions and have exercised voice largely through protest and critiques of government policies. The chapter ends by examining the case of climate change to explore these patterns in more recent years.

Migration and Refuge

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Patrick Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Haitian Literature ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Natural Catastrophes ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

This book argues that contemporary Haitian literature historicizes the political and environmental problems brought to the surface by the 2010 earthquake by building on texts of earlier generations, notably at the end of the Duvalier era and its aftermath. Haitian writers have made profound contributions to debates about the converging paths of political crises and natural catastrophes, yet their writings on the legacies of colonialism, imperialism, and neoliberalism are often neglected in heated debates about environmental futures. The earthquake only exacerbated this contradiction. Despite the fact that Haitian authors have long treated the connections between political violence, social and economic precariousness, and ecological degradation, in media coverage around the world, the earthquake would have suddenly exposed scandalous conditions on the ground in Haiti. Informed by Haitian studies and models of postcolonial ecocriticism, the book conceives of literature as an “eco-archive,” or a body of texts that depicts ecological change over time and its impact on social and environmental justice. Focusing equally on established and less well-known authors, this study contends that the eco-archive challenges future-oriented, universalizing narratives of the Anthropocene and the global refugee crisis with portrayals of different forms and paths of migration and refuge within Haiti and around the Americas.

Basta!: Anti-System Politics in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 216-247
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hopkin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Political System ◽  
Party System ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Powerful Explanation ◽  
Mediterranean Migration

This chapter examines the evolution of anti-system politics in Italy. The Italian case has all the familiar ingredients of an anti-system revolt: a severe economic crisis, high levels of inequality, and an unresponsive and discredited political system. However, the form anti-system politics took differed from the rest of the South in intriguing ways. Italy differed from Greece, Spain, and Portugal in lacking a strong anti-austerity movement that could have acted as a focal point for a left alternative. The other exception of the Italian case is the strength of the anti-system Right. Italy experienced a sharp rise in migration, as well as having to manage the refugee crisis in the Mediterranean. Migration may have mobilized some voters, but the failings of the established parties to address a serious economic crisis offers a powerful explanation of the collapse of Italy’s party system, just as it did in the early 1990s.

Assessing the Civil Society’s Role in Refugee Integration in Turkey: NGO-R as a New Typology

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulaş Sunata ◽  
Salіh Tosun
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Refugee Community ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The People ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract After the Syrian refugee influx in Turkey, the aspect of civil society in integration needs further clarification and categorization. Therefore, in this study, we aim to develop a general typology of NGOs (non-governmental organizations) that are active in immigration and immigration-related areas (NGO-R; non-governmental organizations—refugees). Our findings show that NGO-Rs play crucial roles in helping the refugees to access the rights provided by state, in integrating them into society at the local level by creating new social spaces and in sending humanitarian aid to the people of concern in Syria. Additionally, we claim that the refugee crisis facilitated the opportunities both for active citizenship as demanded and for new mobilization to manage the humanitarian and integration assistance towards the Syrians. Lastly, our fieldwork shows that religious and belief motives are the main factors playing a large part in the creation and maintenance of the NGO-R activities and refugee community organizations (RCOs) can have a distinctive integrative function by preferring to stay outside the mainstream channels.

Individualisation and Poverty Over Time: The Italian Case (1985–2011)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferruccio Biolcati-Rinaldi ◽  
Simone Sarti
Keyword(s):  
Italian Case ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals European Governments’ Responses to the ‘Refugee Crisis’

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Skleparis
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Security Concerns

In the face of the ‘refugee crisis’, many European governments, even in traditionally liberal states, unilaterally introduced a number of restrictive and, often, controversial migration, asylum, and border control policies. The author argues that past legal-bureaucratic choices on migration and asylum policies, ongoing developments in international relations at that time, the structural and perceived capacity of receiving states to cope with the refugee influx, and long-standing migration-related security concerns influenced the responses of many European governments amid the mass population movement. However, the author also suggests that the surfacing of particular policies across Europe was related to the newly elected Greek government’s attempted U-turn from similar repressive and controversial policies during that time. In this regard, the author maintains that repressive and controversial migration, asylum, and border control policies cannot simply be abolished within the context of the eu common market and interdependence of eu internal and external controls.

scholarly journals FACTORS AFFECTING THE LONG-TERM STABILITY OF MICROWAVE OSCILLATORS FOR SPACE ELECTRONIC EQUIPMEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
M. V. Kuliev
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Instability ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Microwave Oscillators ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Over Time

Main factors affecting the long-term stability of microwave oscillator frequency are discussed in this paper. External factors affect the signal frequency at the output of any actual source, causing it to continuously change over time. Long-term frequency instability could be attributed to aging of the material. So, it is necessary to take special environmental factors into account, when designing microwave oscillators for space electronic equipment.

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