scholarly journals S103. ASSESSING MOOD SYMPTOMS IN PSYCHOSIS: EXAMINING DIFFERENCES IN MOOD SYMPTOM PRESENTATION AMONGST RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES WITH PSYCHOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S73-S74
Author(s):  
Khalima Bolden ◽  
Sarah Lombardi ◽  
Susie Xiong ◽  
Tara Niendam
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Cultural Humility ◽  
Differential Rate ◽  
Symptom Presentation ◽  
Mood Symptom ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Mood Symptoms ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that African Americans are more likely than Caucasians to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Once diagnosed, African Americans are slower to seek treatment, more likely to underutilize mental health services, tend to display lower rates of medication adherence, and respond more slowly to psychosocial interventions. This disparity in diagnoses is due to multiple factors. One notable issue is the under-diagnosis of mood symptoms in African Americans with psychosis. Specifically, studies have shown that African Americans are more likely than Caucasians to receive a non-affective psychosis diagnosis, even though the rates of current mood episodes between the Caucasians and African Americans are similar. This is seen more with regards to depressive symptoms than those of mania. These disparities in diagnosis may contribute to decreased treatment efficacy, erosion of trust in treatment providers, and increased attrition in African Americans. Therefore, this issue is one deserving of further understanding. In the current study we sought to explore differences in mood diagnoses in a sample of help-seeking individuals with comorbid psychosis spectrum and mood symptoms. Methods A sample of 537 individuals were selected from an outpatient clinic serving lower income individuals with Medicaid. Investigators reviewed records from previous providers and compared them with gold-standard semi-structured assessments. A researcher who received training in cultural humility and differences in mood symptom presentation across racial and ethnic minorities was blinded to demographics and reviewed each client’s records and determined if individuals presented with significant mood symptoms that would criteria for a major mood diagnosis (MDE, Bipolar Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder, and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder). Of the 537 records reviewed 167 individuals endorsed mood symptoms during the structured assessment and to at least 1 outside provider. The sample of clients was then analyzed to determine whether mood symptoms were under-diagnosed (i.e. symptoms appear to warrant a mood diagnosis that was not given by the previous provider). Results The sample of 167 individuals with mood symptoms was sufficiently diverse; 25% were Caucasian, 45% were African American, 20% Other, 1% Asian or Pacific Islander. We performed a Chi Square Test of Independence to ascertain whether or not Race had an impact on the likelihood that participants would have under diagnosed mood symptoms. The relationship between variables was statistically significant, χ2 (1) = 3.964, p < .05. Of the 53 individuals who were under diagnosed 61% were African American compared to 13% that were Caucasian. Discussion The results of this study indicate a differential rate of diagnosing mood symptoms in African Americans with psychosis compared to Caucasians. These discrepancies may indicate a need for understanding cultural differences in symptoms presentation (e.g. apathy vs. sadness, greater somaticization in minorities, etc.). This study indicates a need for further investigation to better understand factors impacting differences in diagnosis of mood symptoms in African Americans.

Biblical Interpretation among African-American New Testament Scholars

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-82
Author(s):  
Larry L. Enis
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Epistle Of James

Given the small, but growing, number of ethnic minorities in the field of biblical studies, the issue of African-American biblical hermeneutics has received only marginal attention in scholarly journals. In an effort to discern major themes and objectives among these interpreters, this article surveys published works by African Americans who have attained either a PhD or ThD in the New Testament. In this study, six areas of particular interest emerged: hermeneutics, the black presence in the New Testament, Paul, the Gospels, the epistle of James, and Revelation. Moreover, this investigation will demonstrate that the phenomenon of African-American New Testament hermeneutics is a methodologically diverse one.

scholarly journals Advancing Alzheimer’s Disease Care and Services Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 745-745
Author(s):  
Lenora Smith ◽  
Roland Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research shows consistent and adverse disparities among racial and ethnic minorities compared to non-Hispanic Whites in the prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer’s disease, mortality, participation in clinical trials, use of medications and other interventions, health care expenditures, and quality-of-life outcomes. The literature suggests numerous underlying causes, including factors related to measurement of the disease, genetics, socioeconomic factors, cultural differences, lack of culturally competent interventions, and discrimination in services and care. Although these disparities are well known, little is known about the effectiveness of various strategies to address these differences within the context of Alzheimer’s disease services and care. This symposium aims to contribute to this knowledge. The first presentation examines the role of race with marital status and risk for dementia using data from the Health and Retirement Study. Results suggest differences for unmarried White and unmarried older adults of color, which can inform dementia care services. The second presentation highlights the opportunities and challenges of facilitating cognitive impairment screenings among African American congregations. The third presentation introduces attitudes about brain donation among African American research participants and suggestions to increase involvement. The symposium concludes with a presentation on hearing care disparities in dementia with practical recommendations on how to close this gap in hearing care. The findings from these papers contribute significantly to the impact of ethnoracial differences in dementia and the need to include more diverse populations in ADRD research to promote equity. Alzheimer’s Disease Research Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions, Intentions, and Uptake in a Prospective College-based Cohort Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Gurley ◽  
Brady Bennett ◽  
Patrick Sullivan ◽  
Maryellen Kiley ◽  
Jamie Linde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
To Receive

BACKGROUND Uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among US young adults, particularly those that belong to racial and ethnic minorities, remains low compared to their older peers. Understanding vaccine perceptions and their influence on vaccination uptake among this population remains crucial to achieving population herd immunity. OBJECTIVE We sought to also study the perceptions and uptake of the vaccines against COVID-19 among one population of college students, faculty, and staff. METHODS As part of a larger study aimed at investigating the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission, serology, and perception on a college campus, participants were asked about their views on the COVID-19 vaccine in February 2021. Vaccination status was assessed by self-report in April 2021. Logistic regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios with marginal standardization. RESULTS We found that non-White participants were 25% less likely to report COVID-19 vaccination compared to White participants. Among those who were unvaccinated, Black and other non-White participants were significantly more likely to indicate they were unwilling to receive the COVID-19 vaccine compared to White participants. The most common reason for unwillingness to receive the vaccine was belief that the vaccine approval process was rushed. CONCLUSIONS There are racial differences in perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine among young adults, and these differences might differentially impact vaccine uptake among young racial and ethnic minorities. Efforts to increase vaccine uptake among college populations might require campaigns specifically tailored to these minority groups.

Reimaging the Imagined Community

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1362-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian L. Powers
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Diasporic Community ◽  
Jewish Americans ◽  
Group Travel

This article offers an exploration of the diasporic public sphere in order to understand the processes by which identities are ascribed, resisted, or embraced. The author explores how American diasporans use place to narrate and construct the imagined community, documenting through interviews and observations made on three homeland tours the meanings that shape participants and participation in social collectivities for racial and ethnic minorities. Homeland tours are group travel packages that take individuals to destinations that they believe is their land of origin. The author examines the experiences of two specific cases of homeland tourism: Jewish Americans traveling to Israel and African Americans traveling to Ghana. The author presents two examples for each case that are specific to the homeland tour as well as general sites of tourism, demonstrating how experiences with place can create community. Homeland tourists act as a community, engaging in experiences that come to define the values, beliefs, and practices of the larger imagined diasporic community.

scholarly journals Racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long H. Nguyen ◽  
Amit D. Joshi ◽  
David A. Drew ◽  
Jordi Merino ◽  
Wenjie Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The U.S

BackgroundRacial and ethnic minorities have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. In the initial phase of population-based vaccination in the United States (U.S.) and United Kingdom (U.K.), vaccine hesitancy and limited access may result in disparities in uptake.MethodsWe performed a cohort study among U.S. and U.K. participants in the smartphone-based COVID Symptom Study (March 24, 2020-February 16, 2021). We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (unsure/not willing) and receipt.ResultsIn the U.S. (n=87,388), compared to White non-Hispanic participants, the multivariable ORs of vaccine hesitancy were 3.15 (95% CI: 2.86 to 3.47) for Black participants, 1.42 (1.28 to 1.58) for Hispanic participants, 1.34 (1.18 to 1.52) for Asian participants, and 2.02 (1.70 to 2.39) for participants reporting more than one race/other. In the U.K. (n=1,254,294), racial and ethnic minorities had similarly elevated hesitancy: compared to White participants, their corresponding ORs were 2.84 (95% CI: 2.69 to 2.99) for Black participants, 1.66 (1.57 to 1.76) for South Asian participants, 1.84 (1.70 to 1.98) for Middle East/East Asian participants, and 1.48 (1.39 to 1.57) for participants reporting more than one race/other. Among U.S. participants, the OR of vaccine receipt was 0.71 (0.64 to 0.79) for Black participants, a disparity that persisted among individuals who specifically endorsed a willingness to obtain a vaccine. In contrast, disparities in uptake were not observed in the U.K.ConclusionsCOVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was greater among racial and ethnic minorities, and Black participants living in the U.S. were less likely to receive a vaccine than White participants. Lower uptake among Black participants in the U.S. during the initial vaccine rollout is attributable to both hesitancy and disparities in access.

scholarly journals Inequities in Access to High-Quality Home Health Agencies Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities With and Without Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 330-330
Author(s):  
Bei Wu ◽  
Abraham Brody ◽  
Chenjuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Home Health ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Home Health Agencies ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
To Receive

Abstract There are rising concerns of inequities in access to high-quality home health agencies (HHA). Using multiple national data sources that included 574,682 individuals from 8,634 HHA, we examined access to high-quality HHA care among racial and ethnic minorities with and without dementia. Approximately 9.9% of the individuals were Black, 6.2% Hispanic, and 3.3% other race/ethnicity. Over one-third (36.3%) had been diagnosed with dementia. Black and Hispanic individuals were 5.5 percentage points (95% CI, 5.2% - 5.9%) and 7.4 percentage points (95% CI, 7.0% - 7.8%) respectively more likely to receive care from agencies defined as having low-quality compared to White counterparts. Persons living with dementia were 1.3% less likely to receive care from high-quality agencies. Having dementia increased the inequity in accessing high-quality HHA between Black and White individuals. Racial and ethnic minorities, particularly those with dementia were at a disadvantaged position to receive care from high-quality HHA.

scholarly journals DECISION-MAKING AND DISPARITIES IN QUALITY OF CHOSEN PLANS AMONG RACIAL-ETHNIC GROUPS IN MEDICARE ADVANTAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S687-S688
Author(s):  
Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez ◽  
Kristy L Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Computer Literacy ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Choice Overload ◽  
Medicare Advantage ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities

Abstract Limited research regarding decision-making in Medicare Advantage (MA), which now disproportionally serves racial and ethnic minorities (~45% Hispanics and 30% African-Americans), has been conducted. Without understanding the extent to which vulnerable groups select low quality plans with high out-of-pocket costs (OOPC) and what factors influence this selection, these beneficiaries could continue to be adversely affected. The objective of this study is to understand plan choice decision-making process and differences in quality and OOPC of chosen plans between racial and ethnic minorities enrolled in MA. We used 2015 national data from Medicare and conducted in-depth interviews with 25 MA enrollees. African-Americans were enrolled in plans with higher drug deductibles and lower OOPC. In addition, Hispanics and African-Americans enrollment in high quality plans were lower by 10% and 5%, respectively, regardless whether mean OOPC were 100 or 1000 (P<.05). Our interviews highlighted issues regarding financial literacy, choice overload and complexity. These seniors did not use Plan Finder from Medicare and obtained information from insurance companies. Most seniors were confused about insurance terminology and expressed poor computer literacy. Among them, there was a prevailing sentiment that more expensive plans are better. Our findings could inform the Medicare program, and vulnerable populations who would benefit from plans that maximize quality of care with lower out-of-pocket spending. Finally, this information could contribute to state organizations’ future efforts such as ensuring quality of health services for older adults including. Overall, this research provides new evidence about an increasingly important part of our publicly funded health system.

The Social Support of Employed African American and Anglo Mothers

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY BENIN ◽  
VERNA M. KEITH
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Young Children ◽  
National Survey ◽  
School Children ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Out Of School

Using the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), we investigate the support received by employed African American and Anglo mothers of young children. Supports investigated include care of sick and out-of-school children, general baby-sitting assistance, and help with transportation. Supports received from family and friends were analyzed separately. Care for sick and out-of-school children is deemed to be a particularly important source of support, and African Americans are more likely than Anglos to receive this support from relatives. A discouraging finding is that for every type of support, mothers below the poverty line are no more likely to receive support than more affluent mothers.

Racial and Gender Differences in Kin Support

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1019-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarisse L. Haxton ◽  
Kristen Harknett
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Hispanic Parents ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Kin Support ◽  
And Gender ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Primary Support

This article uses qualitative and quantitative data for a recent birth cohort from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study to compare kin support patterns between African Americans and Hispanics. It focuses on financial and housing support from grandparents and other kin during the transition to parenthood. Qualitative analysis ( n = 122 parents) uncovers distinctions in the way African American and Hispanic parents discuss their family networks, with African Americans emphasizing relations with female kin and Hispanics emphasizing a more integrated system. Consistent with these findings, quantitative analysis ( n = 2,472 mothers and n = 2,639 fathers) finds that compared with Hispanic parents, African American parents are more likely to receive financial and housing support from grandmothers and less likely to receive support from both grandparents. Contrary to expectations that fathers would be the primary support recipients in Hispanic households, the authors find that mothers are the more common recipients of support among African Americans and Hispanics.

Abstract 168: Racial and Ethnic Differences in Contemporary Use of Left Ventricular Assist Device

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadijah Breathett ◽  
Larry A Allen ◽  
Laura Helmkamp ◽  
Kathyrn Colborn ◽  
Stacie L Daugherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background: Rates of receipt of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are less than expected for racial/ethnic minorities. A major etiology of this disparity changed over the past few years with broader access to insurance. Thus, we hypothesized that changes in the census-adjusted rate of receipt of LVADs would be higher for racial/ethnic minorities than Caucasians independent of sex and age. Methods: Using the Interagency Registry of Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support, we analyzed 10,795 patients (African-American 24.8%, Asian 1.5%, Caucasian 67.4%, Hispanic 6.3%, female 21.4%) who had an LVAD implanted between 2012-2015. Linear models were fit to annual census-adjusted rate of LVAD implantation, and the rate of change in receipt of LVADs was compared for each racial/ethnic minority to Caucasians, stratified by sex and age group. Results: Between 2012 and 2015, African-Americans had an increase in the census-adjusted annual rate of receipt of LVADs per 100,000 [+0.26 (95% CI: 0.17-0.34)], while others exhibited no significant changes [Caucasian: +0.06 (95%CI: -0.03-0.14); Hispanic: +0.04 (95%CI: -0.05-0.12); Asian: +0.04 (95%CI: -0.04-0.13)]. When stratified by sex, the observed increase in rate of receipt of LVAD for African-Americans relative to Caucasians was present for both sexes [African-American women: +0.14 (95%CI: 0.01-0.27); African-American men: +0.28 (95%CI: 0.15-0.41)]. No increase was observed in either sex among other racial/ethnic groups ( Figure 1a ). When stratified by age group, the observed increase in rate of receipt of LVAD for African-Americans relative to Caucasians was limited to those aged 40-59 years [African-Americans aged: 20-39: +0.09 (95%CI: -0.20-0.39); 40-49: +0.41 (95%CI: 0.11-0.70); 50-59: +0.31 (95%CI: 0.01-0.60); 60-69: +0.22 (95%CI: -0.08-0.51); 70+: +0.07 (95%CI: -0.23-0.36)]. No differences by age group were observed among other racial/ethnic groups compared to Caucasians ( Figure 1b) . Conclusions: From 2012-2015, rates of receipt of LVADs increased for African-Americans but not other racial/ethnic groups in comparison to Caucasians. Similar patterns were seen when stratified by sex. When stratified by age, the increase in rate was limited to middle-aged African-Americans.

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