1018 Sleep and Fatigue: Examining the Impact on Cognitive Function in Older Adults Living with HIV

Abstract Introduction Poor sleep affects 75% of older adults living with HIV, negatively impacting health. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between sleep, fatigue and cognitive function in older adults living with HIV with well-controlled HIV virus. Methods Forty-three adults aged 50 years and older living with HIV were recruited for this study. Participants provided demographic and health information. Participants wore actigraph watches continuously for one week, while completing a daily sleep diary, fatigue instrument, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. After one week participants returned and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and performed cognitive testing including the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results Fluid cognition (measured with the Cognition Battery) positively correlated with hours of sleep measured via actigraph the night immediately prior to testing (p = .008), but not by average hours slept over the week. Average daily fatigue and daytime sleepiness were also correlated with fluid cognition (p = .012, p = .032 respectively). Similar results were found when cognition was measured using the MoCA, with sleep (p = .001), average fatigue (p = .017), and daytime sleepiness (p = .028) all correlated with cognition. When sleep was measured subjectively, Pearson correlation indicated that there was a statistically significant negative relationship of moderate strength between global sleep and cognitive function (r = -.47, p = .015). Conclusion The study provides evidence that poor sleep, measured objectively or subjectively, is associated with cognitive impairment. Despite we-controlled HIV virus, 86% of study participants had global sleep scores indicating poor sleep. Sleep measured objectively resulted in less nightly sleep than by subjective measure, 4.5 vs 6.07 average hours per night. Studying effective interventions to improve sleep should be a next step as a way of improving cognitive function for this population. Support This study was supported through a grant funded by Sigma Theta Tau International and the National Gerontological Nurses Association.

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When Culture Influences Genes: Positive Age Beliefs Amplify the Cognitive-Aging Benefit of APOE ε2

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gbaa126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (8) ◽

pp. e198-e203

Author(s):

Becca R Levy ◽

Martin D Slade ◽

Robert H Pietrzak ◽

Luigi Ferrucci

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Cognitive Aging ◽

Self Perceptions ◽

Cognitive Benefit ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Impact ◽

Retirement Study

Abstract Objectives Most studies of aging cognition have focused on risk factors for worse performance and on either genetic or environmental factors. In contrast, we examined whether 2 factors known to individually benefit aging cognition may interact to produce better cognition: environment-based positive age beliefs and the APOE ε2 gene. Method The sample consisted of 3,895 Health and Retirement Study participants who were 60 years or older at baseline and completed as many as 5 assessments of cognition over 8 years. Results As predicted, positive age beliefs amplified the cognitive benefit of APOE ε2. In contrast, negative age beliefs suppressed the cognitive benefit of APOE ε2. We also found that positive age beliefs contributed nearly 15 times more than APOE ε2 to better cognition. Discussion This study provides the first known evidence that self-perceptions can influence the impact of a gene on cognition. The results underscore the importance of combined psychosocial and biological approaches to understanding cognitive function in older adults.

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Health, Lifestyle, and Psycho-Social Determinants of Poor Sleep Quality During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Focus on UK Older Adults Deemed Clinically Extremely Vulnerable

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.753964 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Chinedu T. Udeh-Momoh ◽

Tamlyn Watermeyer ◽

Shireen Sindi ◽

Parthenia Giannakopoulou ◽

Catherine E. Robb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Health Lifestyle ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Study Results ◽

The Impact

Background: Several studies have assessed the impact of COVID-19-related lockdowns on sleep quality across global populations. However, no study to date has specifically assessed at-risk populations, particularly those at highest risk of complications from coronavirus infection deemed “clinically-extremely-vulnerable-(COVID-19CEV)” (as defined by Public Health England).Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 5,558 adults aged ≥50 years (of whom 523 met criteria for COVID-19CEV) during the first pandemic wave that resulted in a nationwide-lockdown (April–June 2020) with assessments of sleep quality (an adapted sleep scale that captured multiple sleep indices before and during the lockdown), health/medical, lifestyle, psychosocial and socio-demographic factors. We examined associations between these variables and sleep quality; and explored interactions of COVID-19CEV status with significant predictors of poor sleep, to identify potential moderating factors.Results: Thirty-seven percent of participants reported poor sleep quality which was associated with younger age, female sex and multimorbidity. Significant associations with poor sleep included health/medical factors: COVID-19CEV status, higher BMI, arthritis, pulmonary disease, and mental health disorders; and the following lifestyle and psychosocial factors: living alone, higher alcohol consumption, an unhealthy diet and higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Moderators of the negative relationship between COVID-19CEV status and good sleep quality were marital status, loneliness, anxiety and diet. Within this subgroup, less anxious and less lonely males, as well as females with healthier diets, reported better sleep.Conclusions: Sleep quality in older adults was compromised during the sudden unprecedented nation-wide lockdown due to distinct modifiable factors. An important contribution of our study is the assessment of a “clinically-extremely-vulnerable” population and the sex differences identified within this group. Male and female older adults deemed COVID-19CEV may benefit from targeted mental health and dietary interventions, respectively. This work extends the available evidence on the notable impact of lack of social interactions during the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep, and provides recommendations toward areas for future work, including research into vulnerability factors impacting sleep disruption and COVID-19-related complications. Study results may inform tailored interventions targeted at modifiable risk factors to promote optimal sleep; additionally, providing empirical data to support health policy development in this area.

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1415. A qualitative study of intersectional stigma among older adults living with HIV who are victims of childhood sexual abuse

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1597 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S715-S715

Author(s):

Chigozie A Nkwonta ◽

Monique Brown ◽

Titilayo James ◽

Amandeep Kaur

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sexual Abuse ◽

South Carolina ◽

Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽

Hiv Disclosure ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Public Health Programs ◽

Intersecting Identities ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Intersectional stigma is based upon co-occurring and intersecting identities or conditions and occurs at multiple levels of influence. Intersectional stigma has been repeatedly associated with poor health behaviors and outcomes. The effect of intersectional stigma among older adults are particularly challenging due to issues related to ageism, loss of social support, and comorbidities. We examined the impact of multiple stigmas on older adults living with HIV who are victims of childhood sexual abuse. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposefully selected heterogeneous sample of 24 adults living with HIV who are 50 years and older in South Carolina. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using thematic analysis. Results Participants shared experiences and perceptions of stigma and discrimination most commonly related to their HIV status and sexuality at the interpersonal/familial and community levels. Four themes emerged to explain the impact of intersectional stigma: depression, lack of HIV disclosure, limited support, and reduced intimacy. Conclusion The complexity of multiple stigmas profoundly shapes life experiences, opportunities, and mental health of older adults living with HIV. This study highlights that public health programs need to consider the impact of intersectional stigma in order to promote the wellbeing of and improve quality of life for older adults living with HIV. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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The impact of acute exercise on cognitive function in healthy older adults

Physiotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.631 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 101 ◽

pp. e402-e403

Author(s):

J. Fortune ◽

I. Robertson ◽

A. Kelly ◽

J. Hussey

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

The Impact

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Associations between different components of executive control in childhood and sleep problems in early adolescence: A longitudinal study

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105318801065 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (13-14) ◽

pp. 2440-2452 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cara C Tomaso ◽

Jennifer Mize Nelson ◽

Kimberly Andrews Espy ◽

Timothy D Nelson

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Executive Control ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Interference Suppression ◽

Self Report ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

The Impact

Research has examined the impact of poor sleep on executive control and related abilities, but the inverse relationship has received less attention. Youth completed objective executive control tasks in childhood ( N = 208; Mage = 10.03; 50.5% girls) and self-report measures of sleep–wake problems and daytime sleepiness in early adolescence ( Mage = 12.00). Poorer interference suppression and flexible shifting abilities both predicted sleep–wake problems, but response inhibition and working memory did not. For daytime sleepiness, interference suppression was the only significant predictor among executive control components. Socioeconomic status did not moderate any of these associations. Findings have implications for targeting specific executive control abilities in childhood to improve sleep outcomes later in development.

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Relationships between Ecosystem Services and Urbanization in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11072073 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2073

Author(s):

Cheng Li ◽

Ranghui Wang ◽

Fangmin Zhang ◽

Yunjian Luo ◽

Yong Huang

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Unit Area ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Eastern China ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Jiangsu Province ◽

Main Body ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

The Impact

Ecosystem services are comprehensive and quantitative indicators for describing ecosystem–human interactions. China has experienced rapid urbanization in the past 30 years, which has created a significant impact on regional ecosystem services. However, whether the impact is linear is not clear as yet. In this study, the Jiangsu province, a main body of the Chinese Yangtze River Delta city cluster, was chosen as a case study. Multi-source remotely-sensed geospatial data, including meteorological, land use, vegetation, and socio-economic data, were collected to estimate the total amount of ecosystem services (TESV) and urbanization levels. Subsequently, the relationships between TESV and urbanization indices (i.e., gross domestic product (GDP) per unit area, GPUA; population per unit area, PPUA; and built-up land proportion, BULP) were determined using the Pearson correlation analysis and piecewise linear regression. The primary findings of this study were as follows: (1) There was a distinct spatial pattern in TESV, which gradually increased from west to east with high-value areas located in eastern coastal areas of Jiangsu. Among different land use types, cropland and woodland contributed the most to TESV; (2) The three urbanization indices had spatial patterns, indicating higher urbanization in southern Jiangsu than in central or northern Jiangsu; and (3) Once GPUA and PPUA exceeded threshold values of 3719.55 × 104 yuan/km2 and 744.37 person/km2, respectively, TESV sharply decreased with an increase in these indices. However, the BULP showed a linear and significantly negative relationship with TESV at all values, which indicated that the impacts of economic and population growth on TESV lagged behind that of built-up land expansion. These findings provide a potentially significant reference for decision-makers to rationally enhance regional ecosystem services during rapid urbanization processes.

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342 The Association Between Benzodiazepine Use and Falls, and the Impact of Sleep Quality on this Association: Data from TILDA

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz103.224 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. iii17-iii65

Author(s):

Louise Marron ◽

Ricardo Segurado ◽

Paul Claffey ◽

Rose Anne Kenny ◽

Triona McNicholas

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Effect Size ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

P Value ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Daytime Somnolence ◽

Falling Asleep ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Benzodiazepines (BZD) are associated with adverse effects, particularly in older adults. Previous research has shown an association between BZDs and falls and BZDs have been shown to impact sleep quality. The aim of this study is to assess the association between BZD use and falls, and the impact of sleep quality on this association, in community dwelling adults aged over 50. Methods Data from the first wave of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing were used. Participants were classed as BZD users or non-users and asked if they had fallen in the last year, and whether any of these falls were unexplained. Sleep quality was assessed via self-reported trouble falling asleep, daytime somnolence, and early-rising. Logistic regression assessed for an association between BZD use and falls, and the impact of sleep quality on this association was assessed by categorising based on BZD use and each sleep quality variable. Results Of 8,175 individuals, 302 (3.69%) reported taking BZDs. BZD use was associated with falls, controlling for con-founders (OR 1.40; 1.08, 1.82; p-value 0.012). There was no significant association between BZDs and unexplained falls, controlling for con-founders (OR 1.41; 95% CI 0.95, 2.10; p-value 0.09), however a similar effect size to all falls was evident. Participants who take BZDs and report daytime somnolence (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.12, 3.31; p-value 0.017), early-rising (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.20, 3.11; p-value 0.007) or trouble falling asleep (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.12, 2.97; p-value 0.015), have an increased odds of unexplained falls. Conclusion BZD use is associated with falls, with larger effect size in BZD users reporting poor sleep quality in community dwelling older adults. Appropriate prescription of and regular review of medications such as BZDs is an important public health issue.

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Fitness Effects on the Cognitive Function of Older Adults

Psychological Science ◽

10.1111/1467-9280.t01-1-01430 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 125-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 2112

Author(s):

Stanley Colcombe ◽

Arthur F. Kramer

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Executive Control ◽

Neural Plasticity ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Training Intervention ◽

Fitness Effects ◽

Fitness Training ◽

Study Participants

A meta-analytic study was conducted to examine the hypothesis that aerobic fitness training enhances the cognitive vitality of healthy but sedentary older adults. Eighteen intervention studies published between 1966 and 2001 were entered into the analysis. Several theoretically and practically important results were obtained. Most important, fitness training was found to have robust but selective benefits for cognition, with the largest fitness-induced benefits occurring for executive-control processes. The magnitude of fitness effects on cognition was also moderated by a number of programmatic and methodological factors, including the length of the fitness-training intervention, the type of the intervention, the duration of training sessions, and the gender of the study participants. The results are discussed in terms of recent neuroscientific and psychological data that indicate cognitive and neural plasticity is maintained throughout the life span.

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Glass Ceiling and Women Career Development in Nepalese Commercial Banks and Women Career Development in Nepalese Commercial Banks

Pravaha ◽

10.3126/pravaha.v25i1.31935 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 59-70

Author(s):

Indira Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Career Development ◽

Glass Ceiling ◽

Commercial Banks ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Workplace Culture ◽

Survey Questionnaire ◽

Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽

Independent Variable ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the glass ceiling (GC) on women’s career development (WCD)in Nepalese commercial banks. One hundred and forty-four women branch managers working in different branches were taken as the sample. The study used a survey questionnaire (17 items) derived from women workplace culture questionnaire (WWC) (Bergman and Hallberg,2002) for measuring glass ceiling, used as an independent variable in the study. Additionally, a career satisfaction questionnaire developed by (Greenhaus, Parasuraman, and Wormley1990) was used to measure WCD (dependent variable).The statistical tools like Pearson correlation and regression analysis were applied to find the result of quantitative data. The result revealed that there is an existence of GC in commercial banks in Nepal and the negative relationship between GC and the WCD along with the impact of the corporate climate on the WCD. Some limitations of the study have been found and implications and recommendation for the future researchers are also discussed.

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Mobile device use and the cognitive function and depressive symptoms of older adults living in residential care homes

10.21203/rs.2.15654/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lu Lin ◽

Xiuchen Jing ◽

Shujiao Lv ◽

Jinghong Liang ◽

Li Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Mobile Devices ◽

Residential Care ◽

Mobile Device ◽

Care Homes ◽

Device Use ◽

The Impact ◽

Moca Score

Abstract Background With the fast-paced aging and increasing digitalization of society, there has been a growing interest in the effect of mobile device use on cognitive function and depression in older adults. However, research examining this issue among older adults in residential care homes (RCHs) is scant. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of mobile device use on the cognitive function and depressive symptoms of older adults living in RCHs. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Results A total of 235 senior residents (aged 82.58 ± 5.54) in four RCHs were surveyed. Users of mobile devices had a significantly higher total MoCA score (25.02 ± 4.14) and a significantly lower GDS-15 score (3.28±2.74) than non-users (MoCA: 19.34 ± 5.21, GDS-15: 4.69±2.90). Multivariate linear regression indicate that mobile device use is significantly associated with total MoCA score, six of the seven sub-scores (visuospatial abilities and execution functions, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation)(P<0.05). Logistic regression showed that mobile device use was significantly associated with the level of depressive symptoms (OR=0.458, 95%CI=0.249-0.845). Conclusions Use of mobile devices has a significant association with the cognitive function and depressive symptoms of older adults living in RCHs, and thus should be encouraged as a measure to maintain and improve cognition and prevent depression.

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