0198 THE EFFECTS OF SLEEP RESTRICTION ON FOOD INTAKE: THE IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS

AbstractObjectiveInterventions to reduce adolescents’ non-core food intake (i.e. foods high in fat and sugar) could target specific people or specific environments, but the relative importance of environmental contexts v. individual characteristics is unknown.DesignCross-sectional.SettingData from 4d food diaries in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2012 were analysed. NDNS food items were classified as ‘non-core’ based on fat and sugar cut-off points per 100g of food. Linear multilevel models investigated associations between ‘where’ (home, school, etc.) and ‘with whom’ (parents, friends, etc.) eating contexts and non-core food energy (kcal) per eating occasion (EO), adjusting for variables at the EO (e.g. time of day) and adolescent level (e.g. gender).ParticipantsAdolescents (n 884) aged 11–18 years.ResultsOnly 11 % of variation in non-core energy intake was attributed to differences between adolescents. In adjusted models, non-core food intake was 151 % higher (ratio; 95 % CI) in EO at ‘Eateries’ (2·51; 2·14, 2·95) and 88 % higher at ‘School’ (1·88; 1·65, 2·13) compared with ‘Home’. EO with ‘Friends’ (1·16; CI 1·03, 1·31) and ‘Family & friends’ (1·21; 1·07, 1·37) contained 16–21 % more non-core food compared with eating ‘Alone’. At the individual level, total energy intake and BMI, but not social class, gender or age, were weakly associated with more non-core energy intake.ConclusionsRegardless of individual characteristics, adolescents’ non-core food consumption was higher outside the home, especially at eateries. Targeting specific eating contexts, not individuals, may contribute to more effective public health interventions.

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Short-term sleep restriction does not increase spontaneous food intake in normal-weight men

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/s-2007-990422 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 115 (08) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SM Schmid ◽

B Dilba ◽

M Hallschmid ◽

K Jauch-Chara ◽

B Schultes

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sleep Restriction ◽

Short Term

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Elevated ghrelin predicts food intake during experimental sleep restriction.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725852172.793521245 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Klaus Bielefeldt

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Sleep Restriction

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Increased food intake and changes in metabolic hormones in response to chronic sleep restriction alternated with short periods of sleep allowance

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00326.2011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 302 (1) ◽

pp. R112-R117 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

R. Paulien Barf ◽

Tifany Desprez ◽

Peter Meerlo ◽

Anton J. W. Scheurink

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Real Life ◽

Human Condition ◽

Face Validity ◽

Sleep Restriction ◽

Metabolic Hormones ◽

Chronic Sleep

Rodent models for sleep restriction have good face validity when examining food intake and related regulatory metabolic hormones. However, in contrast to epidemiological studies in which sleep restriction is associated with body weight gain, sleep-restricted rats show a decrease in body weight. This difference with the human situation might be caused by the alternation between periods of sleep restriction and sleep allowance that often occur in real life. Therefore, we assessed the metabolic consequences of a chronic sleep restriction protocol that modeled working weeks with restricted sleep time alternated by weekends with sleep allowance. We hypothesized that this protocol could lead to body weight gain. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sleep restriction (SR), forced activity control (FA), and home cage control (HC). SR rats were subjected to chronic sleep restriction by keeping them awake for 20 h per day in slowly rotating drums. To model the human condition, rats were subjected to a 4-wk protocol, with each week consisting of a 5-day period of sleep restriction followed by a 2-day period of sleep allowance. During the first experimental week, SR caused a clear attenuation of growth. In subsequent weeks, two important processes occurred: 1) a remarkable increase in food intake during SR days, 2) an increase in weight gain during the weekends of sleep allowance, even though food intake during those days was comparable to controls. In conclusion, our data revealed that the alternation between periods of sleep restriction and sleep allowance leads to complex changes in food intake and body weight, that prevent the weight loss normally seen in continuous sleep-restricted rats. Therefore, this “week-weekend” protocol may be a better model to study the metabolic consequences of restricted sleep.

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Chronic REM sleep restriction in young rats increases energy expenditure with no change in food intake

Experimental Physiology ◽

10.1113/ep088474 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (8) ◽

pp. 1339-1348 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Letícia Menezes ◽

Danilo Alves Moraes ◽

Neila Ribeiro‐Silva ◽

Sylvia Maria Affonso Silva ◽

Deborah Suchecki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Sleep Restriction ◽

Young Rats

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Severe Sleep Restriction Suppresses Appetite Independent of Effects on Food Intake-Regulating Hormones

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa063_070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1672-1672

Author(s):

Patrick Radcliffe ◽

Claire Whitney ◽

Heather Fagnant ◽

Marques Wilson ◽

Tracey Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Peptide Yy ◽

Sleep Restriction ◽

Us Army ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Main Effect ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Prospective Consumption

Abstract Objectives Several nights of moderate (4–5 hr/night) sleep restriction increases appetite and energy intake, and may alter circulating concentrations of food intake-regulating hormones. Whether more severe sleep restriction has similar effects is undetermined. This study aimed to determine the effects of severe, short-term sleep restriction on appetite and food intake-regulating hormones. Methods Randomized, crossover study in which 18 healthy men (mean ± SD: BMI 24.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2, 20 ± 2 yr) were assigned to three consecutive nights of sleep restriction (SR; 2 hr sleep/night) or adequate sleep (AS; 7–9 hr sleep/night) with controlled feeding and activity throughout the 3-day period. On day 4, participants consumed a standardized breakfast. Appetite ratings, and circulating ghrelin, peptide-YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), insulin, and glucose concentrations were measured before and for 4hr after the meal. Ad libitum energy and macronutrient intakes were then measured at a provided buffet lunch. Results Median PYY (–21%) and GLP-1 (–14%) concentrations were lower, and median glucose (3%) concentrations were higher after SR relative to after AS (main effect of condition, P < 0.05; condition-by-time interaction, P = NS). Ghrelin and insulin did not differ between conditions. Mean hunger (–23%), desire to eat (–23%), and prospective consumption (–18%) ratings were all lower, and mean fullness (27%) ratings were higher after SR relative to after AS (main effect of condition, P < 0.05; condition-by-time interaction, P = NS). Ad libitum energy intake at the lunch meal was 14% lower after SR relative to after AS (–332 kcal [95% CI: −479, −185] P < 0.001), but macronutrient composition did not differ. Conclusions In contrast with reported effects of moderate sleep restriction, severe sleep restriction reduced appetite and energy intake. Appetite suppression was likely not due to the observed differences in food intake-regulating hormones as sleep-restriction induced reductions in PYY and GLP-1 concentrations would be expected to increase appetite. Funding Sources US Army MRDC. Authors’ views do not reflect official DoD or Army policy.

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Disturbed Glucoregulatory Response to Food Intake After Moderate Sleep Restriction

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/34.3.371 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 371-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Sebastian M. Schmid ◽

Manfred Hallschmid ◽

Kamila Jauch-Chara ◽

Britta Wilms ◽

Hendrik Lehnert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Sleep Restriction

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Changes in dietary carbon footprint over ten years relative to individual characteristics and food intake in the Västerbotten Intervention Programme

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56924-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Therese Hjorth ◽

Ena Huseinovic ◽

Elinor Hallström ◽

Anna Strid ◽

Ingegerd Johansson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Climate Impact ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Age Group ◽

Intervention Programme ◽

Carbon Dioxide Equivalents ◽

University Degree ◽

Minced Meat ◽

Dietary Modifications

AbstractThe objective was to examine 10-year changes in dietary carbon footprint relative to individual characteristics and food intake in the unique longitudinal Västerbotten Intervention Programme, Sweden. Here, 14 591 women and 13 347 men had been followed over time. Food intake was assessed via multiple two study visits 1996–2016, using a 64-item food frequency questionnaire. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) related to food intake, expressed as kg carbon dioxide equivalents/1000 kcal and day, were estimated. Participants were classified into GHGE quintiles within sex and 10-year age group strata at both visits. Women and men changing from lowest to highest GHGE quintile exhibited highest body mass index within their quintiles at first visit, and the largest increase in intake of meat, minced meat, chicken, fish and butter and the largest decrease in intake of potatoes, rice and pasta. Women and men changing from highest to lowest GHGE quintile exhibited basically lowest rates of university degree and marriage and highest rates of smoking within their quintiles at first visit. Among these, both sexes reported the largest decrease in intake of meat, minced meat and milk, and the largest increase in intake of snacks and, for women, sweets. More research is needed on how to motivate dietary modifications to reduce climate impact and support public health.

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Elevated ghrelin predicts food intake during experimental sleep restriction

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.21321 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 132-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Josiane L. Broussard ◽

Jennifer M. Kilkus ◽

Fanny Delebecque ◽

Varghese Abraham ◽

Andrew Day ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Sleep Restriction

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Hot, Tired and Hungry: The Snacking Behaviour and Food Cravings of Firefighters during Multi-Day Simulated Wildfire Suppression

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12041160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1160

Author(s):

Charlotte C. Gupta ◽

Sally A. Ferguson ◽

Brad Aisbett ◽

Michelle Dominiak ◽

Stephanie E. Chappel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Sleep Restriction ◽

Food Cravings ◽

Rest Periods ◽

Wildfire Suppression ◽

Secondary Analyses ◽

The Impact

Firefighters are exposed to numerous stressors during wildfire suppression, including working in hot temperatures and sleep restricted conditions. Research has shown that when sleep restricted, individuals choose foods higher in carbohydrates, fat, and sugar, and have increased cravings for calorie dense foods. However, there is currently no research on the combined effect of heat and sleep restriction on snacking behaviour. Conducting secondary analyses from a larger study, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of heat and sleep restriction on snacking behaviour and food cravings. Sixty-six firefighters completed three days of simulated physically demanding firefighting work and were randomly allocated to either the control (n = 18, CON; 19 °C, 8 h sleep opportunity), sleep restricted (n = 16, SR; 19 °C, 4-h sleep opportunity), hot (n = 18, HOT; 33 °C, 8 h sleep opportunity), or hot and sleep restricted (n = 14 HOT + SR; 33 °C, 4-h sleep opportunity) condition. During rest periods firefighters were able to self-select sweet, savoury, or healthy snacks from a ration pack and were asked to rate their hunger, fullness, and cravings every two hours (eating block). Mixed model analyses revealed no difference in total energy intake between conditions, however there was a significant interaction between eating block and condition, with those in the CON, HOT, and HOT + SR condition consuming significantly more energy between 1230 and 1430 compared to the SR condition (p = 0.002). Sleep restriction and heat did not impact feelings of hunger and fullness across the day, and did not lead to greater cravings for snacks, with no differences between conditions. These findings suggest that under various simulated firefighting conditions, it is not the amount of food that differs but the timing of food intake, with those that are required to work in hot conditions while sleep restricted more likely to consume food between 1230 and 1430. This has potential implications for the time of day in which a greater amount of food should be available for firefighters.

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