Changes in dietary carbon footprint over ten years relative to individual characteristics and food intake in the Västerbotten Intervention Programme

AbstractThe objective was to examine 10-year changes in dietary carbon footprint relative to individual characteristics and food intake in the unique longitudinal Västerbotten Intervention Programme, Sweden. Here, 14 591 women and 13 347 men had been followed over time. Food intake was assessed via multiple two study visits 1996–2016, using a 64-item food frequency questionnaire. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) related to food intake, expressed as kg carbon dioxide equivalents/1000 kcal and day, were estimated. Participants were classified into GHGE quintiles within sex and 10-year age group strata at both visits. Women and men changing from lowest to highest GHGE quintile exhibited highest body mass index within their quintiles at first visit, and the largest increase in intake of meat, minced meat, chicken, fish and butter and the largest decrease in intake of potatoes, rice and pasta. Women and men changing from highest to lowest GHGE quintile exhibited basically lowest rates of university degree and marriage and highest rates of smoking within their quintiles at first visit. Among these, both sexes reported the largest decrease in intake of meat, minced meat and milk, and the largest increase in intake of snacks and, for women, sweets. More research is needed on how to motivate dietary modifications to reduce climate impact and support public health.

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Underreporting of energy intake in repeated 24-hour recalls related to gender, age, weight status, day of interview, educational level, reported food intake, smoking habits and area of living

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2001124 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 919-927 ◽

Cited By ~ 240

Author(s):

Gunnar Johansson ◽

Åsa Wikman ◽

Ann-Mari Åhrén ◽

Göran Hallmans ◽

Ingegerd Johansson

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Educational Level ◽

Weight Status ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

Age Group ◽

Intervention Programme ◽

Food Items ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Portion Sizes

AbstractObjective:The aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate the degree to which underreporting of energy intake by repeated 24-hour recalls was related to gender, age, weight status, day of interview, educational level, smoking habits and area of living, and (2) to compare the dietary characteristics of underreporters with those of others.Design:Cross-sectional study. Ten 24-hour recalls were performed during a one-year period.Setting:The Västerbotten intervention programme of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Northern Sweden.Subjects:Ninety-four men and 99 women in four age groups: 30, 40, 50 and 60 years.Results:The prevalence of men and women with a food intake level (FIL; reported energy intake divided by estimated basal metabolic rate) below 1.2 was 44% and 47%, respectively. The youngest age group had higher FIL values than the oldest age group for both men (1.5 versus 1.1) and women (1.4 versus 1.1). The prevalence and magnitude of underreporting were directly related to body mass index (BMI; correlation coefficient: -0.47 (men) and -0.55 (women)). Smokers had a lower FIL value (1.1) than non-smokers (1.3). The nutrient density was lower for the group with high FIL values for protein and calcium and higher for fat and sucrose. The upper FIL group often had higher intake frequencies and larger portion sizes than the lower FIL group.Conclusions:Underreporting of energy intake is prevalent when 24-hour recalls are used, but the prevalence differs between sub-groups in the population. BMI was the main predictor of underreporting but also old age and smoking seem to contribute in this aspect. Socially desirable food items were not underreported to the same extent as socially undesirable food items. The intake frequencies and portion sizes partly explained the differences in FIL.

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Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches for Weight Management in the Obese Population: The 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18158161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 8161

Author(s):

Sang-Dol Kim

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Weight Management ◽

National Health ◽

Age Group ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Obesity Management ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Obese Population ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Management Approaches

(1) Background: Obesity management has become an important issue due to the COVID-19 outbreak; therefore, periodic surveys on the approaches to obesity management of the entire population and target obese population are required. (2) Methods: The study used nationally representative data from the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants reported all approaches they had used to reduce or maintain weight in the past year. Data were analyzed with multiple response methods. (3) Results: The most commonly reported approach was exercise, which included fitness, yoga, biking, and other physical activities (74.7% of respondents), and the second most commonly reported approach was decreased food intake (69.6% of respondents). The use of approaches differed according to respondents’ demographic characteristics. Regarding sex-related differences, in particular, men preferred to exercise, while women were more likely to decrease food intake. Among men, exercise was highest in the 40–49 years age group (48.3%). Among women, decreased food intake was highest in the same age group (16.1%). (4) Conclusions: These findings indicate that it is necessary to introduce individualized weight management approaches and measures according to target groups in obese adults.

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Sources of flavoured e-cigarettes among California youth and young adults: associations with local flavoured tobacco sales restrictions

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056455 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056455

Author(s):

Shivani Mathur Gaiha ◽

Lisa Henriksen ◽

Bonnie Halpern-Felsher ◽

Todd Rogers ◽

Ashley L Feld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Online Survey ◽

Multilevel Models ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Age Group ◽

The Past ◽

Tobacco Sales ◽

Youth And Young Adults ◽

Local Law ◽

Online Sources

PurposeThis study compares access to flavoured JUUL and other e-cigarettes from retail, online and social sources among underage and young adult e-cigarette users who live in California jurisdictions that restrict sales of flavoured tobacco with the rest of the state.MethodsAn online survey used social media advertisements to recruit participants (n=3075, ages 15–29) who lived in one of nine jurisdictions that restrict sales (n=1539) or in the rest of state, and oversampled flavoured tobacco users. Focusing on past-month e-cigarette users (n=908), multilevel models tested whether access to flavoured JUUL and other e-cigarettes from retail, online and social sources differed by local law (yes/no) and age group (15–20 or older), controlling for other individual characteristics.ResultsThe percent of underage users who obtained flavoured JUUL and other e-cigarettes in the past month was 33.6% and 31.2% from retail, 11.6% and 12.7% online, and 76.0% and 70.9% from social sources, respectively. Compared with underage and young adult users in the rest of California, those in localities that restrict the sales of flavoured tobacco were less likely to obtain flavoured JUUL from retail sources (Adjusted OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.80), but more likely to obtain it from social sources (Adjusted OR=1.55, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.35). The same pattern was observed for other brands of flavoured e-cigarettes.ConclusionAlthough local laws may reduce access to flavoured e-cigarettes from retail sources, more comprehensive state or federal restrictions are recommended to close the loopholes for online sources. Dedicated efforts to curtail access from social sources are needed.

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High-risk environments for eating foods surplus to requirements: a multilevel analysis of adolescents’ non-core food intake in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS)

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018002860 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 74-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zoi Toumpakari ◽

Kate Tilling ◽

Anne M Haase ◽

Laura Johnson

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Multilevel Models ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Individual Level ◽

Risk Environments ◽

Core Energy

AbstractObjectiveInterventions to reduce adolescents’ non-core food intake (i.e. foods high in fat and sugar) could target specific people or specific environments, but the relative importance of environmental contexts v. individual characteristics is unknown.DesignCross-sectional.SettingData from 4d food diaries in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2012 were analysed. NDNS food items were classified as ‘non-core’ based on fat and sugar cut-off points per 100g of food. Linear multilevel models investigated associations between ‘where’ (home, school, etc.) and ‘with whom’ (parents, friends, etc.) eating contexts and non-core food energy (kcal) per eating occasion (EO), adjusting for variables at the EO (e.g. time of day) and adolescent level (e.g. gender).ParticipantsAdolescents (n 884) aged 11–18 years.ResultsOnly 11 % of variation in non-core energy intake was attributed to differences between adolescents. In adjusted models, non-core food intake was 151 % higher (ratio; 95 % CI) in EO at ‘Eateries’ (2·51; 2·14, 2·95) and 88 % higher at ‘School’ (1·88; 1·65, 2·13) compared with ‘Home’. EO with ‘Friends’ (1·16; CI 1·03, 1·31) and ‘Family & friends’ (1·21; 1·07, 1·37) contained 16–21 % more non-core food compared with eating ‘Alone’. At the individual level, total energy intake and BMI, but not social class, gender or age, were weakly associated with more non-core energy intake.ConclusionsRegardless of individual characteristics, adolescents’ non-core food consumption was higher outside the home, especially at eateries. Targeting specific eating contexts, not individuals, may contribute to more effective public health interventions.

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Evaluating the use of straw bales in achieving passive house certification (PHIUS+ 2015) in western Canada

10.32920/ryerson.14656995.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ashley Lubyk

Keyword(s):

Carbon Footprint ◽

High Performance ◽

Climate Impact ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Embodied Energy ◽

Single Family ◽

Passive House ◽

House Design ◽

Straw Bale ◽

Wall System

Achieving Passive House certification requires super insulation which can significantly raise the embodied energy and carbon footprint of a project, effectively front-end loading the climate impact, especially where petrochemical foam-based products are used. This research sought to evaluate the use of straw bales - a low embodied energy, carbon sequestering agricultural by-product - to achieve PHIUS+2015 certification. A straw bale wall system was adapted to a single-family detached reference house designed to meet the Passive House standard. The wall system was evaluated for applicability across three Western Canadian cities using WUFI Passive energy simulation software to evaluate compliance; thermal bridging and hygrothermal performance were also evaluated. It was found that the proposed straw bale wall assembly satisfied the PHIUS+ 2015 requirements in all three locations - Saskatoon, Calgary, and Kelowna - with only minor changes required to the reference house design. The annual heating demand and peak heating load, the two targets most sensitive to design changes, were, respectively, 4% and 8.6% below the target in Saskatoon, 63.1% and 21.3% below in Calgary, and 63.1% and 32.6% below in Kelowna. The research also revealed that maintaining a high degree of air tightness is essential for satisfying the requirements. Overall, this research demonstrates that straw bales can be a beneficial component in creating high performance enclosures without exacting a large embodied carbon footprint.

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Dietary Fluoride Intake of Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.55.4.517 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 517-522

Author(s):

Emilie Wiatrowski ◽

Louis Kramer ◽

Dace Osis ◽

Herta Spencer

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Age Groups ◽

Fluoride Content ◽

Age Group ◽

Infant Diet ◽

Food Items ◽

Fluoride Intake ◽

Group 1

The fluoride content of various commercially available food items used in the preparation of the infant diet for the age groups from birth to 6 months has been analyzed and the total daily fluoride intake has been calculated on the basis of these data. The dietary fluoride intake totaled 0.32 mg/day for infants in the age group 1 to 4 weeks, increased in the subsequent months due to increasing food intake, and totaled 1.23 mg for infants 4 to 6 months of age. These fluoride intakes expressed per kilogram of body weight ranged from 0.07 mg/kg in the newborn to 0.16 mg/kg in the 6-month-old infant.

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Consumer Preferences for Different Designs of Carbon Footprint Labelling on Tomatoes in Germany—Does Design Matter?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11061587 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1587 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Stephan Meyerding ◽

Anna-Lena Schaffmann ◽

Mira Lehberger

Keyword(s):

Carbon Footprint ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Latent Class ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Climate Impact ◽

Traffic Light ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Impact Reduction ◽

Northern European

The climate impact of tomato production is an important issue in the sustainability of tomatoes, especially in northern European countries, such as Germany. Communicating the climate impact of products to the consumer is difficult and the design of the label might be the key to its success. For this reason, the present study compares the utilities of six different carbon footprint labels to evaluate which label design works best for the consumer. 598 consumers were surveyed in a representative online choice-experiment. The participants had to choose between tomatoes with different product characteristics, such as origin, price, organic label, and carbon footprint label. A split sample approach was used where each sub-sample with around n = 100 saw a different carbon footprint label design in the choice-experiment. The results suggest that qualitative carbon footprint labels using color-coded traffic light labelling are superior to those that claim climate impact reduction or neutrality, including those that provide more details regarding the climate impact of the product and the company. The latent class analysis with four consumer segments shows that a significant proportion of consumers in Germany would consider a carbon footprint label as an important characteristic.

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Sustained reduction in the carriage of Neisseria meningitidis as a result of a community meningococcal disease control programme

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268898001502 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 121 (3) ◽

pp. 487-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K. R. NEAL ◽

D. J. IRWIN ◽

S. DAVIES ◽

E. B. KACZMARSKI ◽

M. C. J. WALE

Keyword(s):

Neisseria Meningitidis ◽

Meningococcal Disease ◽

Community Intervention ◽

Economic Status ◽

Age Groups ◽

Control Programme ◽

Age Group ◽

Intervention Programme ◽

Intervention Area ◽

Sustained Reduction

The effect of a community intervention programme of antibiotics and meningitis vaccine on pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis was investigated. Carriage rates were determined in pupils at both secondary schools (ages 11–18 years) included in the community intervention programme and compared with two schools outside the area matched for socio-economic status. A total of 1869 pupils were studied 6 months after the programmes, and 2457 pupils after 11 months.Six months after the programme was completed there was a 72% reduction in pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in pupils attending the schools in the intervention area compared with pupils in the control schools. After 11 months this difference persisted in the 11–14 age group but not in the 15–18 age group. No resistance to the antibiotics used in the programme was found.A community intervention programme of antibiotics and vaccine for the control of meningococcal disease led to a long-term reduction in Neisseria meningitidis carriage in some age groups.

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0198 THE EFFECTS OF SLEEP RESTRICTION ON FOOD INTAKE: THE IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.197 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. A73-A73

Author(s):

J Brunet ◽

J McNeil ◽

L Jaeger Hintze ◽

C Blais ◽

E Doucet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Sleep Restriction

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Diets Varying in Nutrient Density and Climate Impact and Their Association With Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Northern Sweden

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab053_088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1095-1095

Author(s):

Anna Strid ◽

Ingegerd Johansson ◽

Bernt Lindahl ◽

Elinor Hallström ◽

Anna Winkvist

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Reference Group ◽

Climate Impact ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Personal Identification ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Intervention Programme ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives Assess the effects of diets varying in nutrient density and climate impact on risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods Dietary data from 39 927 women and 37 390 men 35–65 years in the population-based prospective study Västerbotten Intervention Programme (Sweden) between the years 1990–2016 were used to characterize dietary quality and dietary climate impact. Nutrient density was estimated by the Sweden-adapted Nutrient Rich Foods index NRF11.3, based on 11 nutrients (protein, dietary fiber, iron, folate, vitamins A, C, D, E, magnesium, calcium, potassium) to be encouraged and three nutrients (saturated fat, added sugar, sodium) to be limited. Dietary climate impact was estimated using data from life cycle assessments. Information on MI diagnosis was obtained from registers at the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden using personal identification numbers. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression for four groups of women and men, respectively higher nutrient density, lower climate impact; higher nutrient density, higher climate impact; lower nutrient density, lower climate impact; and lower nutrient density, higher climate impact (reference group). Potential confounders were adjusted for. Results Median follow-up times from recruitment to MI diagnosis for women were 15.8 years and for men 12.8 years, during which time 962 and 2 607 first-time events occurred, respectively. For men a significantly increased risk of MI was found for the group with lower nutrient density and lower climate impact [HR 1.20 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.34); P = 0.003] compared to the group with lower nutrient density and higher climate impact. No significant association was found between the groups of nutrient density and dietary climate impact and MI in women, although a similar trend as that for men was found. Conclusions A lower compared with a higher dietary climate impact was associated with a higher risk of MI in men when diet quality was below median values, reflecting the importance of considering diet quality when decreasing the climate impact of diets. For women no significant relationship was identified. Funding Sources The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas).

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