scholarly journals Performance of growing beef cattle consuming bahiagrass hay treated with calcium oxide and molasses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine M Ciriaco ◽  
Darren D Henry ◽  
Carla D Sanford ◽  
Luara B Canal ◽  
Jose C B Dubeux Jr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Block Designs

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) hay treated with calcium oxide (CaO) and molasses on performance of growing beef cattle supplemented or not with cottonseed meal. In Exp. 1, growing Bos indicus influenced heifers [n = 59; 250 ± 29 kg body weight (BW)] and steers (n = 37; 256 ± 45 kg BW) were used. In Exp. 2, heifers (n = 56; 249 ± 26 kg BW) and steers (n = 8; 249 ± 20 kg BW) from Exp. 1 were used. Both experiments were randomized complete block designs and consisted of 56-d periods in which cattle were weighed every 14 d. On d 0, cattle were weighed after a 16-h water and feed withdrawal, stratified by sex, breed, and BW, and blocked by initial BW. Cattle were allotted to 24 and 16 dormant bahiagrass pastures (1.34 ha each) in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, respectively. Pastures were located in two different areas within 0.52 km of each other and were stratified by location and randomly assigned (n = 8 pastures/treatment) to treatment. In Exp. 1 treatments were: 1) untreated dry hay (DH); 2) hay treated with 10% molasses [dry matter (DM) basis] + water (to 65% DM; MOL); or 3) hay treated with 5% CaO (DM basis) + 10% molasses (DM basis) + water (to 65% DM; CAO). In Exp. 2 only treatments MOL and CAO were applied, and cottonseed meal was provided at 0.3% of cattle BW/d (as fed basis). In both experiments, data were analyzed using pasture as the experimental unit. The model included the fixed effects of treatment, sex, and their interaction (Exp. 1). Location and block were included as random effects. In both experiments, initial and final BW were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.362 and P ≥ 0.283, respectively) or sex (P ≥ 0.512 and P ≥ 0.495, respectively) and no treatment × sex interaction was observed in Exp. 1 (P > 0.05). Additionally, no effects of treatment (P ≥ 0.515), sex (P ≥ 0.285), or treatment × sex interaction (Exp. 1; P = 0.582) were observed on average daily gain (average of -0.03 kg in Exp. 1 and 0.537 kg in Exp.2). Bahiagrass hay treated with molasses alone or in combination with CaO failed to improve performance of growing beef cattle. However, when protein supplementation via cottonseed meal was provided, cattle did not experience weight loss.

scholarly journals 21 Performance of growing beef cattle consuming bahiagrass hay treated with calcium oxide and molasses and supplemented with cottonseed meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
Francine M Ciriaco ◽  
Darren D Henry ◽  
Luara B Canal ◽  
Carla D Sanford ◽  
Gonzalo Barreneche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Withdrawal

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) hay treated with calcium oxide (CaO) and molasses, offered ad libitum, on performance of growing beef cattle supplemented with cottonseed meal. Sixty-four growing Bos taurus and Bos indicus influenced heifers (249 ± 26 kg of BW) and steers (249 ± 20 kg of BW) were used in a randomized complete block design. The experiment consisted of a 56 d period in which animals were weighed every 14 d. On d 0, animals were weighed after 16-h water and feed withdrawal, stratified by sex, breed, and BW, and blocked by initial BW. Cattle were then allotted to 16 dormant bahiagrass pastures (1.34 ha each; 4 animals/pasture), which were located in 2 different areas within 0.52 km of each other. Pastures were stratified by location and randomly assigned (n = 8 pastures/treatment) to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) hay treated with 10% molasses (DM basis) + water (to 35% DM; MOL) or 2) hay treated with 5% CaO (DM basis) + 10% molasses (DM basis) + water (to 35% DM; CAO). Cottonseed meal was provided at a rate of 0.3% of cattle BW/d (as fed basis). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and pasture was the experimental unit. The model included the fixed effects of treatment and sex. Location and block were included as random effects. Initial and final BW were not affected by treatment (P = 0.573, P = 0.453; initial and final BW, respectively) or sex (P = 0.512, P = 0.670; initial and final BW, respectively). Additionally, no effects of treatment (P = 0.767) or sex (P = 0.285) were observed on ADG (average of 0.537 kg). In conclusion, bahiagrass hay treated with molasses alone or in combination with CaO failed to improve performance of growing beef cattle

scholarly journals 94 Performance of growing beef cattle consuming bahiagrass hay treated with calcium oxide and molasses and supplemented with cottonseed meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 34-34
Author(s):  
Francine M Ciriaco ◽  
Darren D Henry ◽  
Luara B Canal ◽  
Carla D Sanford ◽  
Gonzalo Barreneche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Withdrawal

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) hay treated with calcium oxide (CaO) and molasses, offered ad libitum, on performance of growing beef cattle supplemented with cottonseed meal. Sixty-four growing Bos taurus and Bos indicus influenced heifers (249 ± 26 kg of BW) and steers (249 ± 20 kg of BW) were used in a randomized complete block design. The experiment consisted of a 56 d period in which animals were weighed every 14 d. On d 0, animals were weighed after 16-h water and feed withdrawal, stratified by sex, breed, and BW, and blocked by initial BW. Cattle were then allotted to 16 dormant bahiagrass pastures (1.34 ha each; 4 animals/pasture), which were located in 2 different areas within 0.52 km of each other. Pastures were stratified by location and randomly assigned (n = 8 pastures/treatment) to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) hay treated with 10% molasses (DM basis) + water (to 35% DM; MOL) or 2) hay treated with 5% CaO (DM basis) + 10% molasses (DM basis) + water (to 35% DM; CAO). Cottonseed meal was provided at a rate of 0.3% of cattle BW/d (as fed basis). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and pasture was the experimental unit. The model included the fixed effects of treatment and sex. Location and block were included as random effects. Initial and final BW were not affected by treatment (P = 0.573, P = 0.453; initial and final BW, respectively) or sex (P = 0.512, P = 0.670; initial and final BW, respectively). Additionally, no effects of treatment (P = 0.767) or sex (P = 0.285) were observed on ADG (average of 0.537 kg). In conclusion, bahiagrass hay treated with molasses alone or in combination with CaO failed to improve performance of growing beef cattle

Effects of supplement or fertiliser on forage quality, and performance of stocker cattle grazing warm-season pastures

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Rivera ◽  
M. L. Gipson ◽  
R. G. Gipson ◽  
R. W. Lemus
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Experimental Unit

Crossbred (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) beef steers (BW = 232.8 ± 14.6 kg; n = 90) were used over 3 years to examine the efficacy of N fertiliser compared with feed supplementation on forage quality, and animal production. Each year a new group of steers were weighed (unshrunk), and assigned to graze mixed warm-season perennial pastures (Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum notatum Flugge). Paddocks were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: no fertiliser and no supplement (NONE); supplement of 1.1 kg of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) per steer (DM basis) and no fertiliser (DDGS); or fertiliser (134 kg/ha of N applied in split applications) and no supplement (FERT). Cattle were individually weighed at Days 0, 56, 84, and at Day 126, Day 140, Day 93 for Years 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Data were analysed as a mixed model, treatment being used as a fixed effect, year and block as random effects and pasture as the experimental unit. No differences were noted in BW at any point of the study. Greater total average daily gain (ADG) for the grazing period was noted with FERT and DDGS having greatest ADG compared with NONE. Input costs differed (P = 0.001) among all treatments with FERT having the highest input costs, followed by DDGS and NONE. A tendency (P = 0.11) for lowest return was noted with steers in the FERT group returning the least amount of money. No differences (P > 0.10) were noted in forage biomass (kg/ha) at any point of the study. At Day 56, FERT had least ADF (P = 0.03), greatest (P = 0.01) crude protein, and the greatest (P = 0.01) total digestible nutrients (TDN) compared with DDGS and NONE. At Day 84, similar effects existed with FERT having greater crude protein and TDN compared with DDGS and NONE (P ≤ 0.04). No effects (P > 0.10) existed for the last day of sampling for ADF and TDN, however there was a tendency increase in final crude protein (P = 0.07) associated with FERT and DDGS compared with NONE. Results indicate that similar beef cattle performance might be expected if either DDGS or FERT were used, with FERT increasing forage quality at variable points within the study.

scholarly journals 415 More efficient steers on good diets are not the most efficient ones on limiting diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
Peter Carmona ◽  
Luis Silva ◽  
Diogo Fleury Azevedo Costa ◽  
Lais Lima
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract Nutrition for a positive growth path represents the major cost of any beef cattle enterprise. Improvements on feed efficiency (FE) can lead to significant economic benefits and reduce the environmental footprint. Usually, animals selected for FE on high-protein (HP) diets are expected to perform as efficiently on low-protein (LP) diets. This experiment used 30 Bos indicus steers (398 ± 24 kg BW) to determine the agreement between FE rankings of beef cattle fed a LP or a HP diet. As hypothesis, it was suggested that the agreement would be high. A completely randomized block design was used, where each steer represented an experimental unit. Steers were fed in individual pens for two periods of 70 days, including an adaptation of 10 days, with diets supplying either 70% or 100% of their rumen degradable protein requirements. Average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI) were measured, while residual feed intake (RFI) and residual gain (RG) were calculated. Kappa analysis was used to determine the agreement between FE of both diets. In the LP diet, ADG was 0.93 kg/d (0.38 to 1.47), DMI averaged 9.67 kg/d (7.9 to 12.1), RFI varied between -1.55 and 1.84, and RG from -0.61 to 0.53. In the HP diet, ADG was 1.16 kg/d (0.77 to 1.57) and DMI averaged 9.87 kg/d (4.79 to 11.87). RFI varied between -2.53 and 1.61 and RG from -0.34 to 0.33. Chance-corrected analysis of the ranking between diets showed no agreement for RFI (Kappa=5.6%, P = 0.68) nor for RG (Kappa=9.1%, P = 0.44). These results suggest that different physiological mechanisms are responsible for FE regulation in both diets; thus, appropriate diets targeting each scenario must be used when selecting animals for feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a novel threonine source for nursery pig diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton Humphrey ◽  
Spenser Becker ◽  
Jason Lee ◽  
Keith Haydon ◽  
Laura Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Nursery Pigs

Abstract Four hundred and eighty (PIC 337 X 1050, PIC Genus, Hendersonville, TN) pigs were used to evaluate a novel threonine source (ThrPro, CJ America Bio, Fort Dodge, IA) for nursery pigs from approximately 7 to 20 kg body weight (BW). After weaning, pigs were sorted by sex and fed a common diet for 1 wk. Upon completion of the first week, pigs were sorted into randomized complete blocks, equalized by weight, within 16 replications. Pigs were allocated to one of three dietary treatments: positive control (POS)—standard ileal digestible threonine-to-lysine ratio (SID; Thr:Lys) 0.60, negative control (NEG)—SID Thr:Lys ≤0.46, and alternative Thr source (TEST)—SID Thr:Lys 0.60. The alternative Thr source included fermentative biomass and was assumed to contain 75% Thr and a digestibility coefficient of 100% based on the manufacturer’s specifications. All other nutrients met or exceeded the NRC recommendations. Growth and intake data were analyzed as repeated measures with a compound symmetry covariance structure using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with pen as the experimental unit. Treatment, phase, the interaction between treatment and phase, and block were included as fixed effects in the model. Differences in total removals were tested using Fisher’s Exact Test of PROC FREQ. Results were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 and considered a trend at P > 0.05 and P ≤ 0.10. During the first 14 d, pigs fed TEST had decreased gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; 0.77 vs. 0.80, P = 0.022) compared to POS and increased G:F (0.77 vs. 0.73, P < 0.001) compared to NEG. Over days 14–28, pigs fed TEST had similar G:F (0.71 vs. 0.70, P = 0.112) compared to POS and increased G:F (0.71 vs. 0.63, P < 0.001) compared to NEG. Overall (days 0–28), pigs fed TEST had similar average daily gain (ADG; 0.47 vs. 0.47 kg/d, P = 0.982) and G:F (0.76 vs. 0.74, P = 0.395) compared to POS and increased ADG (0.47 vs. 0.43 kg/d, P < 0.001) and G:F (0.76 vs. 0.67, P < 0.001) compared to NEG. The average daily feed intake was not significantly different across treatments for the entirety of the study. In conclusion, the replacement of crystalline L-Thr with a novel Thr source resulted in similar growth performance in nursery pigs from approximately 7 to 20 kg.

scholarly journals 191 Effects of injectable vitamin C at weaning and prior to transit on growth performance and immune function of beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
Aubree M Beenken ◽  
Erin L Deters ◽  
Colten W Dornbach ◽  
Stephanie L Hansen ◽  
Joshua C McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Plasma Ascorbate ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Ninety-one early-weaned (65 ± 11 d) Angus steers (92 ± 4 kg) were blocked by age to a 2 × 2 factorial examining effects of injectable vitamin C (VC) at weaning and/or prior to transport to the feedlot on antibody titers and growth performance. Injections (20 mL/steer) of VC (250 mg sodium ascorbate/mL) or saline (SAL) were given at time of weaning on d 0 (WEAN) and/or prior to a 6 hr trucking event to a feedlot on d 49 (TRANS). Steers were given booster vaccinations on d 0. Steers were weighed on d 0, 1, 14, 48, 49, 64, 106, and 107. Blood was collected (12 steers/treatment) on d 0, 1, 2, 14, 49 (pre- and post-transit), 50, and 51. Data were analyzed via Proc-Mixed of SAS (experimental unit = steer; n = 22–23/treatment) with fixed effects of block, WEAN, TRANS, and WEAN × TRANS. Plasma ascorbate concentrations for weaning (d 0, 1, and 2) and transit (d 49-pre-trucking, 49-post-trucking, 50, and 51) were analyzed as repeated measures (repeated effect = day). Plasma ascorbate concentrations were greater on d 1 and 2 for steers that received VC at weaning (VC = 19.6, SAL = 8.8 ± 1.26 µM; WEAN × day P < 0.01). Similarly, ascorbate concentrations were greater on d 49 post-trucking, 50, and 51 for steers that received VC pre-transit (TRANS × day P = 0.01). Treatments did not affect bodyweight or average daily gain throughout the trial (P > 0.32). There were no effects of treatment on serum Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus type 2 antibody titers on d 14 or 51 (P > 0.33). An injection of VC administered to early weaned beef steers at weaning or pre-transit increases plasma ascorbate concentrations but does not improve growth performance or antibody response to vaccination booster.

scholarly journals Effects of dry or wet conditions during the preweaning phase on subsequent feedlot performance and carcass composition of beef cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
Garth A Gatson ◽  
Patrick J Gunn ◽  
W Darrell Busby ◽  
Bryon R Wiegand ◽  
Brian L Vander Ley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Dry And Wet Conditions ◽  
Normal Class

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of dry and wet conditions during the preweaning on subsequent feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef cattle. Steers (n = 7,432) and heifers (n = 2,361) finished in 16 feedlots in southwestern Iowa through the Tri-County Steer Carcass Futurity Cooperative were used for a retrospective analysis. Cattle originated in the Midwest (Iowa, Missouri, Indiana, Illinois, and Minnesota) and were born in February, March, or April of 2002 through 2013. Feedlot performance and carcass composition data were obtained for each animal. Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) values were obtained for each animal’s preweaning environment on a monthly basis. Mean PDSI values were used to classify conditions as dry (≤−2.0), normal (>−2.0 and <2.0), or wet (≥2.0) for the cool (April and May), warm (June through August), and combined (April through August) forage growing seasons preweaning. Mixed models were used to evaluate the effects of PDSI class on subsequent performance. Calf sex, date of birth (as day of year), year, and feedlot were also included as fixed effects. When considering PDSI class during the cool season, cattle from normal and wet classes had a greater feedlot delivery BW (P < 0.0001) than dry. Dry and normal classes had greater (P ≤ 0.02) delivery BW than wet during the warm and combined seasons, however. For the cool season, average daily gain was greater (P < 0.0001) for the dry class than normal and wet. Cattle from the normal class for the cool season had greater (P = 0.001) final BW than wet, but the wet class had the greatest (P < 0.04) and dry class had the lowest (P < 0.01) final BW during the warm season. During the cool season, HCW was greater (P < 0.007) for the normal than wet class, although HCW was greater (P ≤ 0.02) for wet compared with dry and normal during the warm season. Calculated yield grade was lower (P ≤ 0.006) for the normal class during the cool season compared with dry and wet. For both the warm and combined seasons, the dry class had lower (P ≤ 0.004) calculated yield grade compared with normal and wet. Carcasses from cattle that experienced normal or wet warm seasons had greater (P ≤ 0.0005) marbling scores than dry, and normal had greater (P = 0.0009) marbling score than dry for the combined seasons. In conclusion, these data indicate that both dry and wet conditions during the preweaning phase may impact ultimate feedlot performance and carcass composition.

160 Injectable Vitamin C Prior to Transit and Transit Duration Effects on Feedlot Performance, Inflammation, and Muscle Fatigue of Beef Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
Aubree M Beenken ◽  
Erin L Deters ◽  
Stephanie L Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feedlot Performance

Abstract This study examined the effects of injectable vitamin C (VC) before transport and duration of transit on feedlot performance, inflammation, and muscle fatigue in cattle. One hundred thirty-one, Angus-cross steers (409 ± 4 kg) were stratified by bodyweight (BW) to a 2 × 2 factorial of intramuscular injection (INJ; 20 mL/steer): VC (250 mg sodium ascorbate/mL) or saline (SAL) and road transit duration (DUR): 18 (18; 1,770 km) or 8 h (8; 727 km). On d 0, steers were weighed and received INJ of SAL or VC immediately before transport. Upon return (d 1), BW and blood were collected before steers returned to pens with GrowSafe bunks. Steers were weighed on d 0, 1, 7, 15, 30, 31, 54, and 55. Data were analyzed via ProcMixed of SAS (experimental unit = steer; 32–34 steers/treatment) with fixed effects of INJ, DUR, and the interaction. Blood was collected on d -5, 1, 2, and 3 (9 steers/treatment); blood parameters were analyzed as repeated measures. Average daily gain (ADG) and BW were greater on d 7 and 15 for SAL-18 compared to all other treatments (INJ × DUR, P < 0.01). Final BW, overall ADG, and gain:feed were greater for 18 than 8 (P < 0.01). Injection did not affect BW (P > 0.13) but VC decreased overall dry matter intake compared to SAL (P = 0.03). Steers transported for 18 h had greater serum lactate, haptoglobin, and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations on d 1 compared to steers transported for 8 h (DUR × DAY, P < 0.01). Day 1 plasma ascorbate concentrations were greater for VC and returned to baseline concentrations by d 2 (INJ × DAY, P < 0.01). In contrast to previous work, VC did not improve post-transit performance; however, longer transit duration increased indicators of muscle fatigue and inflammation.

8 Effects of a Bovine Appeasing Substance Application at Weaning on Temperament and Growth of Bos Indicus Influenced Heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Douglas G Viera ◽  
Juliana Ranches ◽  
Marcelo Vedovatto ◽  
Giovana G Pirota ◽  
Bruno I Cappellozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a synthetic analogue of the bovine appeasing pheromone (i.e. bovine appeasing substance; BAS) on growth and temperament of heifers. At weaning (d 0), 30 heifers (Aberdeen Angus ′ Nelore; 8 ± 1 mo) were stratified by body weight (199.8 ± 16 kg) and randomly assigned to receive a single dose of BAS (n = 15; SecureCattle; Nutricorp, Araras, SP, Brazil) or saline (CON; n = 15; saline 0.9% NaCl). Treatments (5 ml) were topically applied to the nuchal skin area of each animal on d0. Body weight was collected on d 0, 6, 15, 45, and 150. Chute score (1 to 5; 1 = calm, no movement; 5 = violent and continuous struggling) and chute entrance and exit score (1 to 3; 1 = slow; 3 = fast) were collected on d 0, 2, 6, 15, 45 and 150. Scores were averaged across 4 trained technicians. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Heifers assigned to BAS had greater (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) than heifers assigned to CON treatment from d 6 to 15 (2.35 and 1.88 kg/d ± 0.16) and from d 15 to 45 (1.79 vs. 1.56 kg/d ± 0.08). Heifers assigned to BAS had lower (P < 0.01) chute entrance score on d 6, 15, and 45, and chute exit score on d 2 to 45 (P = 0.05) when compared to heifers assigned to CON. Additionally, heifers assigned to BAS tended (P = 0.08) to have lower chute score, from d 1 to 150 than heifers assigned to CON. The application of BAS at weaning improved heifers ADG, likely due to an improvement in temperament, suggesting that BAS application has calming effects in the beef cattle herd.

scholarly journals Effects of Bismuth Subsalicylate and Encapsulated Calcium-Ammonium Nitrate on Feedlot Beef Cattle Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian E Mejia-Turcios ◽  
Andrea M Osorio ◽  
Francine M Ciriaco ◽  
Phil M Urso ◽  
Rafael C Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bismuth Subsalicylate

Abstract Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and calcium-ammonium nitrate (CAN) on in vitro ruminal fermentation, growth, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, liver mineral concentration, and carcass quality of beef cattle. In Exp. 1, 4 ruminally cannulated steers [520 ± 30 kg body weight (BW)] were used as donors to perform a batch culture and an in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) procedure. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with factors being BSS [0 or 0.33% of substrate dry matter (DM)] and CAN (0 or 2.22% of substrate DM). In Exp. 2, 200 Angus-crossbred steers (385 ± 27 kg BW) were blocked by BW and allocated to 50 pens (4 steers/pen) in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors included BSS (0 or 0.33% of the diet DM) and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) source [urea or encapsulated CAN (eCAN) included at 0.68 or 2.0% of the diet, respectively] with 0.28% ruminally available S (RAS). A low S diet was included as a positive control containing urea (0.68% of DM) and 0.14% RAS. For Exp. 1, data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with the fixed effects of BSS, CAN, BSS × CAN, and the random effect of donor. For Exp. 2, the MIXED procedure of SAS was used for continuous variables and the GLIMMIX procedure for categorical data. For Exp. 1, no differences (P > 0.230) were observed for IVOMD. There was a tendency (P = 0.055) for an interaction regarding H2S production. Acetate:propionate increased (P = 0.003) with the addition of CAN. In Exp. 2, there was a NPN source effect (P = 0.032) where steers consuming urea had greater carcass-adjusted final shrunk BW than those consuming eCAN. Intake of DM (P < 0.001) and carcass-adjusted average daily gain (P = 0.024) were reduced by eCAN; however, it did not affect (P = 0.650) carcass-adjusted feed efficiency. Steers consuming urea had greater (P = 0.032) hot carcass weight, and a BSS × NPN interaction (P = 0.019) was observed on calculated yield grade. Apparent absorption of S decreased (P < 0.001) with the addition of BSS. Final liver Cu concentration was reduced (P = 0.042) by 58% in cattle fed BSS, indicating that BSS may decrease Cu absorption and storage in the liver. The results observed in this experiment indicate that BSS does not have negative effects on feedlot steer performance whereas CAN may hinder performance of steers fed finishing diets.

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