scholarly journals Evaluating the environmental impact of selected chemical de-icers

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Benoit Van Aken ◽  
Erica Mckenzie ◽  
Huichun Zhang ◽  
Bechara Abboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Public ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Salt Brine ◽  
Receiving Water

Abstract In this study, the environmental impacts of six commercial chloride-based de-icer products, including Rock Salt and Salt Brine, were evaluated. The nutrients, oxygen demand, heavy metal concentration, corrosion and toxicity of all six de-icers were analysed. With an assumed 500-fold dilution, the test results were compared to the public water-quality criteria. The results show that the selected chemical de-icers have little chance of severely damaging the environment and ecosystem under a normal dilution scenario. However, attention needs to be paid to small water bodies and sensitive receiving water.

scholarly journals Erkenez Çayı’nda (Kahramanmaraş) Süt Ürünleri, Boya ve Tekstil Fabrikası Atık Sularından Kaynaklanan Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Belirlenmesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1858
Author(s):  
Özgür Canpolat ◽  
Ece Vanlı
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Textile Factory

Industries, as a source of pollution, have a considerable impact on aquatic ecosystems due to the diversity in the composition of their wastewater. In this study, it is aimed to determine the heavy metal pollution caused by the wastewater of milk products factory, paint factory and textile factory in the Organized Industrial Zone of Kahramanmaraş province. For this purpose, seasonal concentrations of some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As and Hg) have been determined in wastewaters of milk products factory, paint factory and textile factory and in the region where these wastewaters discharge in the Erkenez Stream. The seasonal variation of heavy metals in all stations, generally the lowest concentrations of all elements were determined in winter and the highest concentrations were determined in summer. When the heavy metal contents of milk products factory, paint factory and textile factory wastewaters were compared, the highest values were found in textile factory wastewater. When all stations are taken into consideration, according to USEPA and water quality criteria, it is determined that the wastewaters of milk products factory, paint factory and textile factory and the area of the Erkenez Stream, where these wastewaters are discharged, were very dirty in term of heavy metals. When these results are taken into consideration, it is clear that the wastewater of these factories causes serious heavy metal pollution in the Erkenez Stream.

Acute Toxicity of Copper, Cadmium, and zinc to Larvae of the Crab Paragrapus quadridentatus (H. Milne Edwards), and Implications for Water Quality Criteria

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ahsanullah ◽  
GH Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

Acute toxicity tests were carried out on the larvae of P. quadridentatus and 96-h LC50 values of 0.17, 0.49, and 1.23 mg/l were determined for copper, cadmium, and zinc respectively. Potency ratios of the three metals were as follows: Cu/Cd 3.1, Cu/Zn 7.2, and Cd/Zn 2.4. Larvae were found to be nine times more sensitive to zinc and at least 29 times more sensitive to cadmium than were adults. The larval 96-h LC50 values multiplied by an application factor of 0.01 (as recommended in Victorian water quality criteria) results in derived 'safe' concentrations, which in the case of copper and zinc are below the stated 'minimal risk concentrations' of 10 and 20 �g/I respectively. In view of the known greater sensitivity of larvae of many taxa to heavy metal toxicity, the validity of using the same application factor for both adult and larval stages is questioned.

An ecosystem modelling approach for deriving water quality criteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. De Laender ◽  
K.A.C. De Schamphelaere ◽  
C.R. Janssen ◽  
P.A. Vanrolleghem
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Ecosystem Modelling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Modelling Approach

Ecological effects of chemicals on ecosystems are the result of direct effects of the chemical, determined in single-species toxicity testing, and indirect effects due to ecological interactions between species. Current experimental methods to account for such interactions are expensive. Hence, mathematical models of ecosystems have been proposed as an alternative. The use of these models often requires extensive calibration, which hampers their use as a general tool in ecological effect assessments. Here we present a novel ecosystem modelling approach which assesses effects of chemicals on ecosystems by integrating single-species toxicity test results and ecological interactions, without the need for calibration on case-specific data. The methodology is validated by comparing predicted ecological effects of copper in a freshwater planktonic ecosystem with an experimental ecosystem data set. Two main effects reflected by this data set (a decrease of cladocerans and an increase of small phytoplankton) which were unpredictable from single-species toxicity test results alone, were predicted accurately by the developed model. Effects on populations which don't interact directly with other populations, were predicted equally well by single-species toxicity test results as by the ecosystem model. The small amount of required data and the high predictive capacity can make this ecosystem modelling approach an efficient tool in water quality criteria derivation for chemicals.

Some Physiochemical and Heavy Metal Concentration in Surface Water Streams of Tutuka in the Kenyasi Mining Catchment Area

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Boateng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
The People ◽  
Brong Ahafo Region

This research was conducted in the Akantansu stream of Tutuka in Kenyasi in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana in the months of October and November 2010 and January 2011. The major objectives of the study were to measure levels of pH, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), lead, chromium, and arsenic in the Akantansu stream of Tutuka and to find ways that the community could ensure safe water use. To achieve the objectives of the study, sampling was done over a period of three months and data was collected and analyzed into graphs and ANOVA tables. The research revealed that the levels of arsenic and BOD were high as compared to the standards of WHO and EPA. If the people of Tutuka continue to use the stream, they may experience negative health effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.). The level of pH, chromium and lead was acceptable as compared to the standard of WHO and EPA.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Natural Clay Mineral Adsorbent Filtration Systems in Wastewater Treatment for Potential Irrigation Purposes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5738
Author(s):  
ElSayed ElBastamy ◽  
Lubna A. Ibrahim ◽  
Atef Ghandour ◽  
Martina Zelenakova ◽  
Zuzana Vranayova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Treated Effluent

This project investigated the relative efficiencies of three pilot-scale constructed columns for enhancing drainage wastewater treatment processes to ensure compliance with Egyptian and international water quality criteria. In this investigation, basic materials (sand and gravel) and variable natural clay minerals zeolite (Z), diatomite (D) and bentonite (B) were utilized as packing materials to build up a Z column (ZC), D column (DC) and B column (BC), respectively. The three columns’ ability to remove pollutants from waste water for re-use in irrigation was investigated throughout one year (12 trials). The results revealed that the influent water had 211 mg/L total suspended solids, 6.09 mg/L total nitrogen, 36.67 mg/L biochemical oxygen demand, 56 mg/L chemical oxygen demand, 1700 mg/L total dissolved solids, 0.97 mg/L copper (Cu2+), 1.12 mg/L iron (Fe2+), 1.07 mg/L manganese (Mn2+), 1.02 mg/L lead (Pb2+), 1.05 mg/L zinc (Zn2+), and 46 × 103 CFU/mL fecal coliforms. These parameters were higher than the values permitted by Egyptian and international licenses. The range of removal efficiency of these pollutants by ZC was 96–21%, by BC was 99–29.8%, and by DC was 99–19.80%. Regeneration studies for the spent adsorbents demonstrated that the percentages of pollutant removal were sufficiently high. The treated effluent produced by the three columns was suitable for irrigation purposes, especially at a contact time of four hours, with the order for column treatment efficiency being BC ˃ DC ˃ ZC. Treated water was classified for irrigation suitability according to the Agrifood Water Quality Index (AFWQI) as marginal from the ZC, very good from the DC, and excellent from the BC. Treatment of such drainage water using the BC and DC appears feasible, because the process is easily operated and leads to final treated effluent of high quality for agricultural uses. The economic cost also confirms the feasibility of this treatment.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Content of Heavy Metals Cadmium (cd) in the Flow of the River Barumun Labuhanbatu Selatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1242-1247
Author(s):  
Sri Kedaton ◽  
Arman Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Test Sediment ◽  
Heavy Metal Cd

The number of community activities in the area of River Barumun Labuhanbatu South will produce heavy metals in the waters and will accumulate to the bottom of the waters in the sediment. This study discusses the content of heavy metal Cd in sungai Barumun Labuhanbatu  Selatan. The research was conducted in December 2020 until January 2021 in the region of the waters of the River Barumun Labuhanbatu Selatan. The process of sampling using purposive sampling method. Data analysis was done descriptively by looking at the results of the measurements of some parameters of the waters and the test results of water samples in the laboratory by comparing the quality standard according to the Decision of the Minister of Environment No. 51 Year 2004. As for the test sediment samples in the laboratory compared with the raw quality of the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment IADC/CEDA 1997. The results of the heavy metal concentration of Cd in the surface water ranged 0,003-0,068 mg/l, the concentration of heavy metal cadmium in water depth of 5 meters has a range of 0.007-to 0.058 mg/l.

Experimental Study on the Solidification/Stabilization of Textile Dyeing Sludge

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 1010-1015
Author(s):  
Xun An Ning ◽  
Jian Bo Zhou ◽  
Jing Yong Liu ◽  
Zuo Yi Yang ◽  
Yu Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Textile Dyeing ◽  
Compressive Strength Test

Sludge from the textile dyeing industries was solidified and stabilized using cement, fly ash（PFA）and cinder as the solidifying agents, and the optimum conditions of sludge solidification/stabilization were analyzed. The mechanical property of solidified sludge block was evaluated by compressive strength test, at the same time， the chemical oxygen demand (COD） and heavy metal concentration of the leaching from the cured block were tested as well. With the dosage of cement, PFA and cinder, 0.15kg/kg, 0.02kg/kg and 0.08kg/kg respectively, and curing time was 6ds, the compressive strength of the solidified sludge block reached 330kPa.Results showed that addition of cement and cinder had good effects on the compressed strength of sludge block, cement, PFA and cinder enhanced the solidification and stabilization of organic and heavy metal in the sludge. Under the above conditions, COD of the leaching from the sludge solidification block was 488mg/L, and the heavy metal concentrations had reached the related national standards. After 6ds of curing time, water ratio of the solidified block was maintained at 40%~45%, which met the prescribed standards of landfill.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Concentration in Ambient Air University Campus Located near the Industrial Area

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1189-1193
Author(s):  
Radin Maya Saphira bte Radin Mohamed ◽  
Noor Maisara bte Jais ◽  
Farah Hanim bt. Che Aziz ◽  
Amir Hashim bin Mohd. Kassim ◽  
Norzila Othman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
World Health ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Sampling Device

This study aims to measure the concentration of heavy metals of concern Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and Nickel (Ni) at three university campus buildings which was situated adjacent to an industrial district. Heavy metals particulates were sampled from the PM10 sampling device (Met One Instrument) in 24 hours sampling between lecture and holiday periods. Determination of heavy metals concentrations were conducted using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after the filter papers were digested with mixture of nitric acid (HNO3) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4). These heavy metal concentrations were compared to the Standard Concentration on Air such as World Health Organization Health (WHO), Ambient Air Quality Criteria Act 1994 (AAQC), National Environment Protection Council (NEPS) and also Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). The comparison with Standard Concentration of Air shows that Cd and Cu have low concentrations 0.0033±0.0018 μg/m3 and 0.0894±0.0614 μg/m3 while Cr and Ni have high concentrations of 0.1882±0.0535 μg/m3 and 0.1278±0.0323 μg/m3 respectively. The Pb gives irregular result and high standard deviation of 2.0410±3.4999 μg/m3. This finding produces significant contribution to some knowledge of the level of heavy metals in the study area. It identifies research needs and suggests potential approaches to addressing outstanding problems.

Experimental Study on New Technology for Solidifying/Stabilizing Papermaking Sludge

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Xu Nan Ning ◽  
Shi Wen Li ◽  
Jing Yong Liu ◽  
Zuo Yi Yang ◽  
Zhu Ying
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Water Ratio

For better harmlessly treatment of papermaking sludge, a new technology for solidifying and stabling of sludge was studied. Papermaking sludge was solidified and stabilized by the solidifying agents including cement, powder fly ash (PFA) and cinder. The mechanical properties of solidified sludge block were evaluated by compressive strength, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and heavy metals concentration in the leachate from the solidified block were tested as well. When the solidifying agents has the following composition (cement 0.12kg/kg, PFA 0.02kg/kg and cinder 0.10kg/kg respectively), and the curing time was 6ds, the compressive strength of the solidified sludge blocks reached 360kPa. The results showed that cement and cinder were all positive in the compressed strength of sludge block. If they were mixed with PFA together, they could enhanced the solidification of organic and heavy metals in the sludge. Under this conditions, the COD in leachate from the solidified block was 115.7 mg/L, and the heavy metal concentration had reached the related national standards, after 6ds of curing time, water ratio of the solidified block kept from 35% to 40%, which met the prescribed standards of landfill.

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