scholarly journals Severing Red Alder: Timing the Cut to Achieve the Best Mortality

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-201
Author(s):  
Douglas Belz
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserve ◽  
Effective Time ◽  
Calendar Date

Abstract The best time to cut red alder varies. Mortality shifts across regional zones. The most effective time to cut is not determined by calendar date, but instead depends on environmental, biological, and physical factors that affect initial budbreak and potential mortality. Several trials and continuing observations lead the author to believe air temperature and seasonal moisture, along with carbohydrate reserve, are the more potent influences. These influences affect the time to begin cutting, how long cutting can continue, when cutting should stop, and the degree of mortality. Monitoring budbreak date and moisture patterns can be used to determine a favorable window of opportunity that will produce 50% or higher mortality on the cut red alder. The cutting window can be used across wide geoclimatic zones with good success. West. J. Appl. For. 18(3):199–201.

scholarly journals Monthly Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Haleji lake, Sindh, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Shahina Rao ◽  
Muhammad Arshad Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Light Green

Present work is based on the physico-chemical parameters of Haleji lake. Physical factors and chemistry oflake water were analyzed with regular intervals. The color of water showed variation from light green to yellowishgreen, air temperature ranged between 20 °C to 35 °C, water temperature between 17 °C to 33 °C , pH 5.5 to 7.5,dissolved oxygen 2.04 mg/L to 6.44 mg/L, salinity 0.32 mg/L to 1.1 mg/L, alkalinity from 30 mg/L to 100 mg/L,acidity 10 to 96 mg/L, sulphate 4.5 mg/L to 305 mg/L, phosphate from 1 mg/L to 190 mg/L, and nitrates 9 mg/L to 270mg/L during 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively.

scholarly journals Monthly Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Haleji lake, Sindh, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Shahina Rao ◽  
Muhammad Arshad Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Light Green

Present work is based on the physico-chemical parameters of Haleji lake. Physical factors and chemistry oflake water were analyzed with regular intervals. The color of water showed variation from light green to yellowishgreen, air temperature ranged between 20 °C to 35 °C, water temperature between 17 °C to 33 °C , pH 5.5 to 7.5,dissolved oxygen 2.04 mg/L to 6.44 mg/L, salinity 0.32 mg/L to 1.1 mg/L, alkalinity from 30 mg/L to 100 mg/L,acidity 10 to 96 mg/L, sulphate 4.5 mg/L to 305 mg/L, phosphate from 1 mg/L to 190 mg/L, and nitrates 9 mg/L to 270mg/L during 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively.

Soil temperature moderates grapevine carbohydrate reserves after bud break and conditions fruit set responses to photoassimilatory stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzy Y. Rogiers ◽  
Jason P. Smith ◽  
Bruno P. Holzapfel ◽  
W. James Hardie
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserve ◽  
Fruit Setting

In cultivated grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), suboptimal photoassimilatory conditions during flowering can lead to inflorescence necrosis and shedding of flowers and young ovaries and, consequently, poor fruit set. However, before this study it was not known whether carbohydrate reserves augment fruit set when concurrent photoassimilation is limited. Carbohydrate reserves are most abundant in grapevine roots and soil temperature moderates their mobilisation. Accordingly, we grew potted Chardonnay grapevines in soil at 15°C (cool) or 26°C (warm) from bud break to the onset of flowering to manipulate root carbohydrate reserve status. Then to induce photoassimilatory responses we subjected the plants to low (94 µmol mol–1) CO2 or ambient (336 µmol mol–1) CO2 atmospheres during fruit setting. Analyses of photoassimilation and biomass and carbohydrate reserve distribution confirmed that fruit set was limited by concurrent photoassimilation. Furthermore, the availability of current photoassimilates for inflorescence development and fruit set was conditioned by the simultaneous demands for shoot and root growth, as well as the restoration of root carbohydrate reserves. Results indicate that great seasonal variability in grapevine fruit set is a likely response of cultivated grapevines to photoassimilatory stresses, such as shading, defoliation and air temperature and to variations in carbohydrate reserve status before flowering.

scholarly journals Factors That Influence The Change Of Mangrove Forest In South Sulawesi, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Amal Arfan
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Anthropogenic Factor ◽  
Garbage Disposal ◽  
South Sulawesi

North Belopa located in Luwu regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia has a mangrove forest area. This study aims to analyze the factors that causes the reduction of mangrove ecosystem in North Belopa. This mangrove forest has undergone extensive changes. In some areas, there are additional mangrove forests however in other areas, there is a reduction. This change is caused by either the physical or anthropogenic factors. The physical factors consist of climate, rainfall, air temperature, humidity, wind, wave and current. Meanwhile, the anthropogenic factors are the conversion of mangrove forests into ponds and garbage disposal. This anthropogenic factor leads to more reduction and dominant than physical factors. As a result, the area of mangrove forest in North Belopa experienced large transformation.

scholarly journals On searches for gravitational dark matter with quantum sensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Calmet
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Atomic Clocks ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Effective Time ◽  
Proton Mass

Abstract. The possibility of searching for dark matter with quantum sensors has recently received a lot of attention. In this short paper, we discuss the possibility of searching for gravitational dark matter with quantum sensors and identify a very narrow window of opportunity for future quantum sensors with improved sensitivity. Gravitational dark matter candidates with masses in the range [10-3, 1] eV could lead to an effective time variation of the proton mass that could be measured with, e.g., future atomic clocks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of high air temperature on the behavioural activity and physical performance of animals (in a rat model)

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 782-786
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Kriyt ◽  
Yuliya N. Sladkova ◽  
Maksim V. Sannikov ◽  
Aleksandr O. Pyatibrat
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
White Male ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Behavioural Activity

Introduction. The profession of firefighters belongs to extreme activities. Fire hazards include flames, sparks, heat flow, elevated ambient temperatures, increased concentrations of toxic combustion and thermal decomposition products, decreased oxygen concentrations, and reduced visibility in smoke. High air temperature during fire extinguishing is one of the main adverse physical factors affecting firefighters’ bodies. Material and methods. The study was carried out on 124 outbred white male 3-month rats weighing 250-300 g, divided randomly into two groups: the first group (62 rats) underwent single hyperthermia. The second group (62 rats) experienced daily hyperthermia for 14 days. The study of the behavioural activity of animals was carried out after single and prolonged hyperthermia using the following methods: “Open field”, “Elevated cruciform maze”, Porsolt’s test, running on a treadmill. The tests were performed two times: the first time - before exposure, the second - after, with intervals between tests of at least two weeks. Results. The data obtained indicate that the high ambient temperature causes changes in the behavioural responses in animals, which is expressed by an increase in the level of anxiety, a decrease in motor and research activity, the development of depressive states, and a decrease in physical endurance. Conclusion. An experimental model of extreme heat exposure on animals showed the emergence and persistence of changes in animals’ behavioural activity and physical performance indicators. This experiment can be used to study the long-term effects of high temperatures on firefighters’ bodies.

Air temperature controls diel oscillation of the CO2 concentration in a desert soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Spohn ◽  
Stefan Holzheu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Convection ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Desert Soil ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
Measuring Period

<p>The factors that control the soil CO<sub>2</sub> concentration are not yet well understood.<strong> </strong>Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore what factors control the soil CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and its dynamic in a desert soil. For this purpose, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature were measured in six soil depths (ranging from 15 to 185 cm) in a deeply weathered, coarse-textured desert soil in the North of Chile at high frequency (every 60 minutes) together with precipitation and air temperature for one year. The mean CO<sub>2</sub> concentration calculated across the whole measuring period increased linearly with soil depth from 463 ppm in 15 cm to 1542 ppm in 185 cm soil depth. We observed a diel oscillation of the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration that decreased with soil depth and a hysteretic relationship between the topsoil CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and both air and soil temperature. A small precipitation event increased the CO<sub>2 </sub>concentrations in 15, 30, and 50 cm soil depths for several days but did not alter the amplitude of the diel oscillation of the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. The diel oscillation was very likely caused by strong differences between the soil and the air temperature at night, in particular in summer, causing transport of topsoil air to the atmosphere by thermal convection. Our results have important implications as they show that the soil CO<sub>2</sub> concentration can be controlled by air temperature through thermal convection, rather than by soil temperature, and that the hysteretic relationship between soil CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature can be caused by physical factors alone.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Determination of the Thermally Comfortable Air Temperature with Consideration of Individual Clothing and Activity as Preparation for a New Smart Home Heating System

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (19) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Alexander Peikos ◽  
Carole Binsfeld
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Home Heating ◽  
Extensive Evaluation

The aim of this paper is to determine a thermally comfortable air temperature in an automated living room. This calculated temperature should serve as input for a user-specific and dynamic heating control in an automated living space. In addition to the usual physical factors (air temperature, humidity, air velocity and radiation temperature), individual clothing and activity should be taken into account. The calculation of such a temperature is based on different methods and indices which are usually used for the evaluation of the thermal comfort. The thermal insulation of the worn clothing is determined by 3 different methods. These is a radio frequency identification system, a thermal imaging camera system and a theoretical calculation of the clothing likely to be worn based on temperature data. The activity performed is only taken into account indirectly through the generated heart rate. All these methods are ultimately very well suited for use in temperature regulation in an automated home, but require further research and extensive evaluation.

scholarly journals The distribution of air temperature and velocity in the selected boiler room

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Artur Stelęgowski
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Boiler Room ◽  
Environment Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The crucial impact on the indoor air quality in technological rooms, including boiler plant buildings, is made by operation of technological devices and ventilation systems. Therefore, the distribution of air temperature and velocity in these rooms mainly depends on location and heat gains generated by combustion devices, as well as emplacement of air supply and air exhaust elements. The temperature and airflow volume of supplied air is also an issue, because the indoor environment parameters are formed by the flow of air in the working area. Determination of the impact of physical factors on the thermal environment in a room is possible using an analysis of the air temperature and velocity. This issue is vital in terms of necessity to maintain the adequate heat conditions in the working area. Therefore, basing on the experimental measurements and numerical calculations (made in DesignBuilder software), the distribution of air temperature and velocity was analyzed in the selected industrial boiler room, located in the Lodz city, in Poland. The results obtained were compared with the recommended and limit values in the industrial buildings.

Window of opportunity

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 431-435
Author(s):  
Markus G. Mohaupt
Keyword(s):  
Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Präventive Maßnahmen ◽  
Kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen ◽  
Sind Eine ◽  
Hypertensive Schwangerschaftserkrankungen

Zusammenfassung. Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen sind eine Hauptursache für Morbidität und Mortalität. Es ist vordringlich, diese Bedrohung zu minimieren. Hypertensive Schwangerschaften treten einerseits bevorzugt bei Frauen auf, die zu kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen tendieren, andererseits prädisponieren hypertensive Schwangerschaftserkrankungen, z.B. eine Präeklampsie, für spätere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen. So sollten präventive Massnahmen schon früh nach der akuten Erkrankungen dieses Risiko reduzieren. Dazu gehört die Information bezüglich eines gesunden Lebensstil und zukünftige hausärztliche Kontrolluntersuchungen der kardiovaskulären Risikoindikatoren. In ähnlicher Weise sind Kinder mit einem erniedrigten Geburtsgewicht bzw. Mangelgeburtlichkeit für ein gegebenes Gestationsalter betroffen. Da diese Geburtskomplikationen häufiger bei hypertensiven Schwangerschaftserkrankungen auftreten, sollten den Müttern vergleichbare langfristige präventive Massnahmen getroffen werden. Zusammenfassend benötigen Mutter und häufig auch die Kinder aus hypertensiven Schwangerschaften geeignete kardiovaskuläre langfristige Präventionsmassnahmen. Frauen mit einem bislang nicht erkannten metabolischen bzw. Herz-Kreislauferkrankungsrisiko können damit einem sorgfältigen Follow-up zugeführt werden. Somit kann die hypertensive Schwangerschaft als Risikoindikator die Basis für eine frühzeitige Risikoprävention und ein gesundes Leben legen.

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