CHAPTER 5: Fimbrial and Afimbrial Adhesins Involved in Bacterial Attachment to Surfaces

Many organic pollutants, especially synthetic surfactants, adsorb onto solid surfaces in natural and engineered aquatic environments. Biofilm bacteria on such surfaces make major contributions to microbial heterotrophic activity and biodegradation of organic pollutants. This paper reviews evidence for multiple interactions between surfactants, biodegradative bacteria, and sediment-liquid interfaces. Biodegradable surfactants e.g. SDS, added to a river-water microcosm were rapidly adsorb to sediment surface and stimulated the indigenous bacteria to attach to the sediment particles. Recalcitrant surfactants and non-surfactant organic nutrients did not stimulate attachment Attachment of bacteria was maximal when biodegradation was fastest, and was reversed when biodegradation was complete. Dodecanol, the primary product of SDS-biodegradation, markedly stimulated attachment. When SDS was added to suspensions containing sediment and either known degraders or known non-degraders, only the degraders became attached, and attachment accelerated surfactant biodegradation to dodecanol. These cyclical cooperative interactions have implications for the design of biodegradability-tests, the impact of surfactant adjuvants on biodegradability of herbicides/pesticides formulated with surfactants, and the role of surfactants used to accelerate bioremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted soils.

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EFFECTS OF CORROSIVE TREATMENT ON STAINLESS STEEL SURFACE FINISHES AND BACTERIAL ATTACHMENT

Transactions of the ASAE ◽

10.13031/2013.15622 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 1595-1602 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. W. Arnold ◽

O. Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Steel Surface ◽

Bacterial Attachment ◽

Stainless Steel Surface ◽

Surface Finishes

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Biofilm Formation in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: Structure and Development

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030546 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 546

Author(s):

Pilar Sabuquillo ◽

Jaime Cubero

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Infection Process ◽

Bacterial Attachment ◽

Key Factors ◽

Cell Structures ◽

Microscopy Techniques

Xanthomonasarboricola pv. pruni (Xap) causes bacterial spot of stone fruit and almond, an important plant disease with a high economic impact. Biofilm formation is one of the mechanisms that microbial communities use to adapt to environmental changes and to survive and colonize plants. Herein, biofilm formation by Xap was analyzed on abiotic and biotic surfaces using different microscopy techniques which allowed characterization of the different biofilm stages compared to the planktonic condition. All Xap strains assayed were able to form real biofilms creating organized structures comprised by viable cells. Xap in biofilms differentiated from free-living bacteria forming complex matrix-encased multicellular structures which become surrounded by a network of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, nutrient content of the environment and bacterial growth have been shown as key factors for biofilm formation and its development. Besides, this is the first work where different cell structures involved in bacterial attachment and aggregation have been identified during Xap biofilm progression. Our findings provide insights regarding different aspects of the biofilm formation of Xap which improve our understanding of the bacterial infection process occurred in Prunus spp and that may help in future disease control approaches.

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Tunable, bacterio-instructive scaffolds made from functional graphenic materials

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/d0bm01471k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karoline E. Eckhart ◽

Anne M. Arnold ◽

Francesca A. Starvaggi ◽

Stefanie A. Sydlik

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Bacterial Cell ◽

Electrostatic Interactions ◽

Bacterial Cell Wall ◽

Bacterial Attachment

Functional graphenic material (FGM) scaffolds instruct bacterial attachment through electrostatic interactions with the bacterial cell wall.

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Cutibacterium acnes as an Opportunistic Pathogen: An Update of Its Virulence-Associated Factors

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Constance Mayslich ◽

Philippe Alain Grange ◽

Nicolas Dupin

Keyword(s):

Virulence Factors ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Bacterial Attachment ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Ecological Niches ◽

Target Cells ◽

Skin Microbiota ◽

Host Immune Responses ◽

Cutibacterium Acnes

Cutibacterium acnes is a member of the skin microbiota found predominantly in regions rich in sebaceous glands. It is involved in maintaining healthy skin and has long been considered a commensal bacterium. Its involvement in various infections has led to its emergence as an opportunist pathogen. Interactions between C. acnes and the human host, including the human skin microbiota, promote the selection of C. acnes strains capable of producing several virulence factors that increase inflammatory capability. This pathogenic property may be related to many infectious mechanisms, such as an ability to form biofilms and the expression of putative virulence factors capable of triggering host immune responses or enabling C. acnes to adapt to its environment. During the past decade, many studies have identified and characterized several putative virulence factors potentially involved in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. These virulence factors are involved in bacterial attachment to target cells, polysaccharide-based biofilm synthesis, molecular structures mediating inflammation, and the enzymatic degradation of host tissues. C. acnes, like other skin-associated bacteria, can colonize various ecological niches other than skin. It produces several proteins or glycoproteins that could be considered to be active virulence factors, enabling the bacterium to adapt to the lipophilic environment of the pilosebaceous unit of the skin, but also to the various organs it colonizes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning characterized C. acnes virulence factors and their possible implication in the pathogenicity of C. acnes.

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Impaired bacterial attachment to light activated Ni–Ti alloy

Materials Science and Engineering C ◽

10.1016/j.msec.2009.10.003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 225-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Wojciech Chrzanowski ◽

Sabeel P. Valappil ◽

Charles W. Dunnill ◽

Ensanya A. Abou Neel ◽

Kevin Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Attachment ◽

Ti Alloy

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Improvement of a ‘Leaky' Intestinal Barrier

Digestive Diseases ◽

10.1159/000449078 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (1-2) ◽

pp. 21-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eduard F. Stange

Keyword(s):

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Bacterial Attachment ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Colonic Disease ◽

Mucus Layer ◽

Tissue Destruction ◽

Liquid Form ◽

Mucus Production

In Crohn's disease, the mucus layer appears to be defective in terms of low defensin levels and lack of antibacterial activity. These deficiencies actually explain the Montreal phenotypes and the stable localization of disease in the terminal ileum with low α-defensins from Paneth cells and/or low β-defensins in colonic disease, respectively. Conversely, in ulcerative colitis (UC) the defensin production is normal or even induced, but the mucus layer is thinner and patchy, more in the liquid form and also chemically altered so that antibacterial peptides are not retained and lost into the luminal bacterial bulk. Therefore, both barrier problems allow slow bacterial attachment and invasion, ultimately triggering the massive response of adaptive immunity and tissue destruction. Therefore, leakiness should refer to the antibacterial barrier and not to the general barrier against small molecules, such as mannitol or lactulose, which are not antigenic. The most promising approach in UC seems to be the use of probiotics or the natural compound lecithin as a stabilizer of mucus structure to enhance the barrier. While a phase II study has yielded positive results, the results of the ongoing phase III study are eagerly awaited. It is quite possible that the protective effect of smoking in UC is related to mucus production in the colon also, but this is not an option. Another alternative would be to shift cell differentiation in the colon towards goblet cell; the relevant differentiation factors are known. In Crohn's disease, the direct oral application of defensins might be effective if release and binding to the mucus are achieved. In the experimental colitis model, this works quite well. In conclusion, in a situation where enthusiasm about so-called biologics is declining due to loss of response over time, searching for the primary defects in inflammatory bowel disease and treating them may well be worthwhile, although it is unlikely to provide rapid relief.

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