First Report of Pseudoperonospora cubensis on Cucurbita moschata in the Czech Republic

Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Rostovzev, the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew, was observed for the first time on Cucurbita moschata Duchesne in the Czech Republic (CR) in August 2009 and repeatedly in September 2010. Recently, C. moschata has not been an economically important crop in the CR; however, related crops C. pepo and C. maxima have increased in importance. Infected plants with P. cubensis were found in two locations: in a hobby garden in north Moravia (Nový Jičín – Kojetín [49°33′48.088″N, 17°59′16.632″E], 2009 and 2010) and in a commercial field in central Moravia (Olomouc-Holice [49°34′31.95″N, 17°17′35.462″E], 2010). The pathogen caused small, angular, yellowish or pale green lesions on the upper leaf surfaces and produced sporangiophores and sporangia on the lower leaf surfaces. The lesions were delimited by leaf veins and later turned necrotic. Sporangiophores were hyaline, branched, and emerged in groups from stomata. Olive brown-to-dark brown sporangia were ellipsoidal to oblong. Our morphological observations confirmed that the pathogen was P. cubensis (2). No previous reports are available of P. cubensis on C. moschata in CR or anywhere in Central Europe. However, P. cubensis is common on C. moschata in some parts of Asia and the United States (1,2). P. cubensis exhibiting clear host specialization has been reported in different countries and geographic areas (2). A C. moschata isolate (PC 88/2009) originating from the naturally infected plants was inoculated (1 × 105 spores per ml and incubation temperature of 18/15°C during light/dark cycles) according to the methodology described by Lebeda and Urban (3) onto the abaxial surface of leaf discs of all genotypes of a differential set of cucurbits for P. cubensis pathotype determination (4). C. moschata (line Novo5, Nohel-Garden, CR) was added to this set. The isolate PC 88/2009 was highly pathogenic to all screened Cucurbita spp. genotypes (C. pepo, C. maxima, and C. moschata). However, no infection was detected on most of the Cucumis accessions; only Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis var. conomon was susceptible. Also, no infection was observed on other differentials (Citrullus, Benincasa, Luffa, and Lagenaria). The pathotype was classified as Pc 4/15/0. This pathotype had not been previously detected in CR. References: (1) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.arsgrin. gov/fungaldatabases/ . December 16, 2010. (2) A. Lebeda and Y. Cohen. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 129:157, 2011. (3) A. Lebeda and J. Urban. Page 285 in: Mass Screening Techniques for Selecting Crops Resistant to Disease. M. M. Spencer and A. Lebeda, eds. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria, 2010 (4) A. Lebeda and M. P. Widrlechner. J. Plant Dis. Protect. 110:337, 2003.

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Diptera associated with sporocarps of Meripilus giganteus in an urban habitat

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-013-0119-z ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 143-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jindřich Roháček ◽

Jan Ševčík

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Central Europe ◽

Dominant Species ◽

First Record ◽

Host Specialization ◽

Urban Habitat ◽

Qualitative Composition ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

High Species Richness ◽

First Time

AbstractThe Diptera community associated with fruit bodies of the wood-decaying fungus Meripilus giganteus (Pers.) P. Karst., 1882 was investigated in two city parks in Opava (Czech Republic, Central Europe) during the years 2009 and 2010. A total of 10,451 adult specimens of Diptera belonging to 66 species and 17 families emerged from this fungus during our rearing experiments. The six most dominant species, Coboldia fuscipes (Meigen, 1830) (D=50.70%), Drosophila funebris (Fabricius, 1787) (D=21.40%), Logima satchelli (Quate, 1955) (D =14.16%), Forcipomyia squamigera Kieffer, 1916 (D=5.48%), Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour, 1839) (D=2.96%) and Apteromyia claviventris (Strobl, 1909) (D=0.95%) represented 95.65% of all reared specimens. Altogether 59 species were reared from M. giganteus for the first time. Comments on host specialization, degree of synynthropy and other aspects of biology of particular species are provided. The qualitative composition of the fly community associated with M. giganteus in an urban habitat, causes of high species richness, and the predominance of polysaprophagous species in the reared material are discussed. The accidentally reared {itOrnitholeria nidicola} Frey, 1930 (Chiropteromyzidae) represents the first family record from the Czech Republic and the first record of the species from Central Europe.

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“Floating Melodies and Memories” of the Terezín Memorial

Transfers ◽

10.3167/trans.2016.060211 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 138-141

Author(s):

Chia-ling Lai

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Czech Republic ◽

The United States ◽

Concentration Camp ◽

Dark Tourism ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Will To Live ◽

Worldwide Phenomenon ◽

The Will ◽

Musical Heritage

As Andrea Huyssen observes, since the 1990s the preservation of Holocaust heritage has become a worldwide phenomenon, and this “difficult heritage” has also led to the rise of “dark tourism.” Neither as sensationally traumatic as Auschwitz’s termination concentration camp in Poland nor as aesthetic as the forms of many modern Jewish museums in Germany and the United States, the Terezín Memorial in the Czech Republic provides a different way to present memorials of atrocity: it juxtaposes the original deadly site with the musical heritage that shows the will to live.

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Investigator Initiated Clinical Trials (IICTs): A Systematic Search in Registries to Compare the Czech Republic and Portugal in Terms of Funding Policies and Scientific Outcomes

Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science ◽

10.1007/s43441-021-00293-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

C. Madeira ◽

L. Hořavová ◽

F. dos Santos ◽

J. R. Batuca ◽

K. Nebeska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Clinical Research ◽

Systematic Search ◽

European Countries ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Research Outcomes ◽

Funding Policies ◽

Funding Agencies ◽

First Time

Abstract Objectives Clinical trials provide one of the highest levels of evidence to support medical practice. Investigator initiated clinical trials (IICTs) answer relevant questions in clinical practice that may not be addressed by industry. For the first time, two European Countries are compared in terms of IICTs, respective funders and publications, envisaging to inspire others to use similar indicators to assess clinical research outcomes. Methods A retrospective systematic search of registered IICTs from 2004 to 2017, using four clinical trials registries was carried out in two European countries with similar population, GDP, HDI and medical schools but with different governmental models to fund clinical research. Each IICT was screened for sponsors, funders, type of intervention and associated publications, once completed. Results IICTs involving the Czech Republic and Portugal were n = 439 (42% with hospitals as sponsors) and n = 328 (47% with universities as sponsors), respectively. The Czech Republic and Portuguese funding agencies supported respectively 61 and 27 IICTs. Among these, trials with medicinal products represent 52% in Czech Republic and 4% in Portugal. In the first, a higher percentage of IICTs’ publications in high impact factor journals with national investigators as authors was observed, when compared to Portugal (75% vs 15%). Conclusion The better performance in clinical research by Czech Republic might be related to the existence of specific and periodic funding for clinical research, although further data are still needed to confirm this relationship. In upcoming years, the indicators used herein might be useful to tracking clinical research outcomes in these and other European countries.

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New records of Anthomyiidae (Diptera) from the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Acta Musei Silesiae Scientiae Naturales ◽

10.1515/cszma-2015-0021 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 151-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olga Komzáková ◽

Verner Michelsen

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

New Records ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

The Family ◽

First Time

Abstract Althogether 17 species of the family Anthomyiidae (Diptera) are recorded from the Czech Republic (or Moravia and Bohemia) (16 species) and Slovakia (1 species) for the first time. The most interesting findings are Delia dovreensis Ringdahl 1954 and northamerican species Pegomyia bifurcata Griffiths 1983.

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Synanthedon mesiaeformis (Herrich-Schäffer) new to the Czech Republic and to Spain (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200856050141 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 141-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zdeněk Laštůvka ◽

Aleš Laštůvka

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Close Contact ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Habitat Requirements ◽

Specific Population ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Southern France ◽

History Of ◽

First Time ◽

The Town

Synanthedon mesiaeformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846) has been found in the Czech Republic and in Spain for the first time. The species was found in the south-easternmost part of the Czech Republic, near the town of Břeclav (faunistic quadrat 7267) in May 2008. The holes and pupae were found only in one, solitary growing group of trees about 20 years old. This finding place lies at a distance of more than 250 km from the localities in SW Hungary and about 550 km from the localities in eastern Poland. In June 2008, the species was found also in alders growing in the flat river alluvium on gravel sands between La Jonquera and Figueres in northern Catalonia. This locality is in a close contact with the finding places near Perpignan and Beziers in southern France. The diagnostic morphological characters and bionomics of this species are briefly summarized and figured. The history of its distribution research is recapitulated and the causes of its disjunct range are discussed as follows. The present disjunct range represents a residual of the former distribution over the warmer and moister postglacial period; landscape modifications and elimination of solitary alder trees as „weeds“ from the 18th up to the mid-20th century in large areas of Europe; narrow and partly unknown habitat requirements and specific population ethology; an insufficient level of faunistic investigations in several parts of southern and eastern Europe.

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Expanded Range of Cylindrocladium colhounii in the United States

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.11.1333d ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (11) ◽

pp. 1333-1333 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N. E. El-Gholl ◽

T. S. Schubert ◽

S. E. Walker ◽

J. K. Stone

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

The United States ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Leaf Spots ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

Symptomatic Tissue ◽

First Time ◽

Gaultheria Procumbens ◽

Callistemon Rigidus ◽

The U.S

Plant pathologists in Florida and Oregon have recently found Cylindrocladium colhounii for the first time on two new ornamental plant species. Brown, pinpoint leaf spots were observed on Callistemon rigidus (stiff bottlebrush) in a Florida nursery. C. colhounii was isolated consistently from these lesions. To confirm Koch's postulates, 25 ml of aconidial suspension at 96,000 conidia per ml was used to spray a 38.1-cm branch of C. rigidus. Plants were maintained in a moist chamber at room temperature (25 ± 2°C). Symptoms appeared within 3 days, and included brown, pinpoint spots (1 mm or less) occurring on both leaf surfaces, sunken blotches, and blight. The fungus was consistently reisolated from symptomatic tissue. In Oregon, the first detection of C. colhounii was from leaf spots on Gaultheria procumbens (wintergreen) in a nursery. No proof of pathogenicity was done in Oregon on G. procumbens. C. colhounii has now been reported on 14 host genera in 10 families from Australia, India, Mauritius, South Africa, and the U.S. (FL, HI, LA, NC, OR, SC) (1–4). References: (1) P. W. Crous and M. J. Wingfield. Mycopathologia 122:45, 1993. (2) A. Peerally. Mycotaxon 40:323, 1991. (3) A. Y. Rossman. Mycol. Pap. No. 150, Commonw. Mycol. Inst., Kew, Surrey, England, 1983. (4) J. Y. Uchida and M. Aragaki. Plant Dis. 81:298, 1997.

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Impact of Air Pollution on the Health of the Population in Parts of the Czech Republic

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186454 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6454

Author(s):

Radim J. Sram

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Power Plants ◽

Local Heating ◽

The United States ◽

Respiratory Morbidity ◽

Surprising Result ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

The Impact

Thirty years ago, Northern Bohemia in the Czech Republic was one of the most air polluted areas in Europe. After political changes, the Czech government put forward a research program to determine if air pollution is really affecting human health. This program, later called the “Teplice Program”, was initiated in collaboration with scientists from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). This cooperation made possible the use of methods on the contemporary level. The very high concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter of 10 micrometers or less (PM10), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in the air showed, for the first time, the impact of air pollutants on the health of the population in mining districts: adverse pregnancy outcomes, the impact of air pollution on sperm morphology, learning disabilities in children, and respiratory morbidity in preschool children. A surprising result came from the distribution of the sources of pollution: 70% of PM10 pollution came from local heating and not from power plants as expected. Thanks to this result, the Czech government supported changes in local heating from brown coal to natural gas. This change substantially decreased SO2 and PM10 pollution and affected mortality, especially cardiovascular mortality.

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Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup, a new quarantine pathogen of pines in the CR

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4629-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 319-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

L. Jankovský ◽

M. Bednářová ◽

D. Palovčíková

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Host Species ◽

Pinus Nigra ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Picea Pungens ◽

Quarantine Pathogen ◽

Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽

First Time ◽

Needle Blight

Dothistroma needle blight caused by Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup was observed for the first time in the Czech Republic on an imported Pinus nigra Arnold in 1999. In 2000, it was also found in the open planting. During three years, it became an important pathogen of pines in the Czech Republic. Its occurrence was noticed in more than 50 localities, above all in the region of Moravia and Silesia and eastern Bohemia. In total, it was found on 10 species of pine (P. nigra Arnold, P. banksiana Lamb., <br />P. contorta Loudon, P. mugo Turra, P. leucodermis Ant., P. sylvestris L., P. cembra L., P. aristata Engelm., P. ponderosa P. et C. Lawson and P. jeffreyi Grev. et Balf.). Also Picea pungens  Engelm. was noticed as a host species. In the Czech Republic, Pinus nigra is the most frequent host species of M. pini (80% localities) followed by Pinus mugo (27% localities). On Scots pine P. sylvestris, M. pini was noticed at two localities. The critical period for infection is in the Czech Republic from the second half of May until the end of June. The incubation period lasts about 2–4 months depending on climatic conditions. The first symptoms on the needles infected in the current year appear in August being clearly expressed from September to November.In the CR, Dothistroma needle blight spread probably with infected planting stock obtained from import at the end of the 80s and at the beginning of the 90s.

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Is Information Power? Comparing Anonymous and Open Egg Donation

Sociological Research Online ◽

10.5153/sro.4294 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 130-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amy Speier

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

The United States ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Fertility Treatment ◽

Egg Donation ◽

Gamete Donation ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Egg Donor

Both the Czech Republic and the United States are destinations for cross-border reproductive travellers. For North Americans, including Canadians, who opt to travel to the Czech Republic for IVF using an egg donor, they are entering a fertility industry that is anonymous. This makes the Czech Republic different from other European countries that necessitate open gamete donation, as in Austria, Germany and the United Kingdom. For reproductive travellers coming to the United States for fertility treatment, there is a wider menu of choices regarding egg donation given the vastly unregulated nature of the industry. More recently, professionals in the industry are pushing for ‘open’ egg donation. For intended parents traveling to either location seeking in vitro fertilization using an egg donor, they must choose whether or not to pursue open or closed donation. As pre-conception parents, they navigate competing discourses of healthy parenting of donor-conceived offspring. They must be reflexive about their choices, and protective when weighing their options, always keeping their future child's mental, physical and genetic health in mind. Drawing from ethnographic data collected over the course of six years in the United States and the Czech Republic, this paper will explore both programs, paying special attention to the question of how gamete donation and global assisted reproductive technologies intersect with different notions about healthy pre-conception parenting.

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First records of Leptoglossus occidentalisdemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Pentatomorpha: Coreidae) in the Czech Republic

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/2242-pps ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 165-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Beránek

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

North America ◽

Insect Species ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Coniferous Trees ◽

Leptoglossus Occidentalis ◽

Alien Insect ◽

First Time

In the autumn of 2006 and summer 2007 the coreid species <I>Leptoglossus occidentalis</I> Heidemann, 1910 was detected in the Czech Republic for the first time as a new alien insect species. It is native to North America, where it causes important seed losses on coniferous trees, especially pines. From Europe it is known since the end of the last century, when it was introduced to Italy. Its repeated finding could indicate a vital population of this species in the Czech Republic, not only introduced individuals.

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