scholarly journals Effects of a Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Tomato Strain on the Symptoms, Biomass, and Yields of Classical Indicator and Currently Grown Potato and Tomato Cultivars

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 3009-3017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Mackie ◽  
Martin J. Barbetti ◽  
Brendan Rodoni ◽  
Simon J. McKirdy ◽  
Roger A. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Potato Foliage ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

The Chittering strain of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) infects solanaceous crops and wild plants in the subtropical Gascoyne Horticultural District of Western Australia. Classical PSTVd indicator hosts tomato cultivar Rutgers (R) and potato cultivar Russet Burbank (RB) and currently widely grown tomato cultivars Petula (P) and Swanson (S) and potato cultivars Nadine (N) and Atlantic (A) were inoculated with this strain to study its pathogenicity, quantify fruit or tuber yield losses, and establish whether tomato strains might threaten potato production. In potato foliage, infection caused spindly stems, an upright growth habit, leaves with ruffled margins and reduced size, and upward rolling and twisting of terminal leaflets (RB, A, and N); axillary shoot proliferation (A); severe plant stunting (N and RB); and necrotic spotting of petioles and stems (RB). Tubers from infected plants were tiny (N) or small and “spindle shaped” with (A) or without (RB) cracking. Potato foliage dry weight biomass was decreased by 30 to 44% in A and RB and 37% in N, whereas tuber yield was diminished by 50 to 89% in A, 69 to 71% in RB, and 90% in N. In tomato foliage, infection caused epinasty and rugosity in apical leaves, leaf chlorosis, and plant stunting (S, P, and N); cupped leaves (S and P); and reduced leaf size, flower abortion, and necrosis of midribs, petioles, and stems (R). Mean tomato fruit size was greatly decreased in all three cultivars. Tomato foliage dry weight biomass was diminished by 40 to 53% (P), 42% (S), and 37 to 51% (R). Tomato fruit yield was decreased by 60 to 76% (P), 52% (S), and 64 to 89% (R), respectively. Thus, the tomato strain studied was highly pathogenic to classical indicator and representative current tomato and potato cultivars, causing major losses in fruit and tuber yields. Tomato PSTVd strains, therefore, pose a threat to tomato and potato industries worldwide.

scholarly journals Potato cultivar BRS F63 Camila has higher yield at lower plant spacing

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Vlandiney Eschemback ◽  
Jackson Kawakami ◽  
Aline M Genú ◽  
Dioni Stroparo
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Lower Plant

ABSTRACT The plant management used in potato crop is usually similar across the main producing regions in Brazil. Same plant spacing are commonly used, despite the differences in climate and soil of the various potato planting areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield of potato cultivars in response to different plant spacing. Experiments were conducted in the field, and the treatments consisted of three cultivars (Agata, BRS Clara and BRS F63 Camila) and three plant spacing (20, 25 and 30 cm) in randomized blocks with three repetitions in two years. The total, marketable and non-marketable tuber yield, total and marketable number of tubers per area and size class, mean total and marketable tuber weight and percentage of tuber dry weight of the tubers were evaluated. Camila was the cultivar with highest yield when spaced 20 cm due to the greater number of tubers in the marketable class 100-200 g. In the 25 and 30 cm plant spacing, there was no difference in yield among cultivars. Depending on the cultivar and the destination of the harvested tubers, producers can choose the most appropriated plant spacing.

scholarly journals The Use of the WOFOST Model to Simulate Water-Limited Yield of Early Potato Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Bogdan Kulig ◽  
Barbara Skowera ◽  
Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra ◽  
Stanisław Kołodziej ◽  
Wiesław Grygierzec
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Early Potato ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Actual Yield

In this work, an attempt was made to use the WOFOST (WOrld FOod Studies) model to simulate the potential and water-limited yield of early potato cultivars Lord and Denar. Data from cultivar experiments carried out at the Polish Research Centre for Cultivar Testing in 2004–2013 were used in the study. The Lord cultivar yielded 22.4–67.8 t fresh tuber weight per ha and 3.8–11.5 t ha−1 dry tuber weight during the study period. The highest tuber yields (over 10 t ha−1 dry weight) were obtained in 2009, 2011 and 2012, and the lowest in 2005 (3.8 t ha−1) and 2006 (2.65 t ha−1). The water-limited tuber yield simulated by WOFOST ranged from 3.6 to 10.9 t ha−1 dry weight and was about 0.45 t ha−1 higher on average than the actual yield. The planting period each year was between days 104 and 120 of the year, and harvesting took place between days 216 and 232. Water availability was a factor limiting the yield. The yield limited by water deficiency was 38.7% lower (irrespective of the cultivar) than the potential yield. The WOFOST model was sensitive to water deficiency, and the simulated (water-limited) yields were close to the actual yield or showed a clear downward trend indicating evident rainfall shortages in 2005 and 2006.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds, Carotenoids, and Antioxidant Properties in Leaves of South African Cultivars, Peruvian 199062.1 and USA's Beauregard

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmaine J. Phahlane ◽  
Sunette M. Laurie ◽  
Tinotenda Shoko ◽  
Vimbainashe E. Manhivi ◽  
Dharini Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
The Usa

In this study, leaves of sweet potato cultivars from South Africa (“Ndou,” “Bophelo,” “Monate,” and “Blesbok”), “Beauregard,” a sweet potato cultivar from the USA, and a Peruvian cultivar “199062. 1” were analyzed using UPLC/QTOF/MS and chemometrics, with the aim of characterizing the locally developed sweet potato cultivars and comparing them with already well-known established varieties on the market. A set of 13 phenolic compounds was identified. A partial least squares discriminant analysis, a hierarchical cluster analysis, and variables importance in projection were used to successfully distinguish sweet potato varieties based on their distinct metabolites. Caffeic acid enabled to distinguish Cluster 1 leaves of varieties (“Beauregard” and “Ndou”) from Cluster 2 (“199062.1,” “Bophelo,” “Monate,” and “Blesbok”). The leaves of “Bophelo” contained the highest concentrations of rutin, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), (5-CQA), 1,3 dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,3-diCQA), 1,4-diCQA, and 3,5-diCQA. Furthermore, Bophelo leaves showed the highest antioxidant activities (FRAP 19.69 mM TEACg−1 and IC50 values of (3.51 and 3.43 mg ml−1) for DPPH and ABTS, respectively, compared to the other varieties. Leaves of “Blesbok” contained the highest levels of β-carotene (10.27 mg kg−1) and zeaxanthin (5.02 mg kg−1) on a dry weight basis compared to all other varieties. This study demonstrated that the leaves of local cultivars “Bophelo” and “Blesbok” have the potential to become functional ingredients for food processing.

scholarly journals Latent Infection by Clavibacter sepedonicus and Correlation with Ring Rot Symptoms Development in Potato Cultivars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gryń ◽  
K. Franke ◽  
M. M. Nowakowski ◽  
M. Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Latent Form ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Latently Infected

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the response of potato cultivars to Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cs) infection in a field experiment. The research focused on the infection in a latent form as it is a risk for unnoticed spread. A total of 18 cultivars were tested in the years 2013–2016. Symptoms of the disease were observed on the leaves during growth and in tubers after harvest and after storage. The infection incidence was determined by microscopic observation of leaf and tuber samples stained by the IFAS method. A diverse response of potato cultivars to Cs infection was found. The lowest number of asymptomatic infected plants was found in cultivars ‘Vineta’, ‘Bila’ and ‘Irga’. As for cultivar ‘Stasia’, the entire tuber yield was latently infected by Cs. A low or medium concentration of Cs cells in leaves did not change significantly or increased depending on the potato cultivar. A higher incidence of tubers with disease symptoms was found after the storage period. In eight of the cultivars tested, the level of tuber infection by Cs confirmed microscopically after harvest was significantly correlated with the occurrence of disease symptoms in tubers after the storage period.

Potato spindle tuber viroid (spindle tuber of potato).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Th. J. Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Several reports attribute losses in potato yield to infection by PSTVd. Le Clerg et al. (1944) determined the effect of different amounts of PSTVd on yield of marketable tubers. In 31 trials with five varieties in several states of the USA, a 4% level of infection resulted in a loss of marketable tubers of 2.6%, which includes effects on the yield and market quality of the crop. Up to 24% reductions in tuber yield have been reported in cultivar Saco infected with mild strains of PSTVd (Singh et al., 1971). However, the severe strain reduced the yield by up to 64%. Estimates of up to 4.6% incidence in cultivar Russet Burbank were observed. On the basis of a number of factors, Singh et al. (1971) estimated an overall loss of 1% of the potato crop. Studies by Pfannenstiel and Slack (1980) showed that reduction of tuber weight depended on the potato cultivar and the length of time they were infected with PSTVd. There was a significant decrease in tuber weight per plant from the first to the third year that the tubers were infected.

Rimsulfuron and Metribuzin Efficacy in Transplanted Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ackley ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Sequential Treatments

In field studies in 1991, 1992, and 1993, rimsulfuron at 26 and 35 g ai/ha, sequentially at 26 g/ha, at 26 g/ha plus metribuzin at 280 g ai/ha, and metribuzin at 280 g/ha were evaluated POST for weed control in transplanted ‘Agriset’ tomato. Common lambsquarters was controlled by rimsulfuron at 35 g/ha. Rimsulfuron plus metribuzin gave consistent control of common ragweed, but jimsonweed control was inconsistent and goosegrass control was generally low. Rimsulfuron treatments caused slight (< 12%) temporary injury to new terminal growth of tomato. Yield of tomato fruit was consistently high in the metribuzin, metribuzin plus rimsulfuron, and rimsulfuron sequential treatments. In greenhouse studies, giant foxtail and large crabgrass control by rimsulfuron was above 95 and 85%, respectively, but goosegrass was not controlled. Height of four tomato cultivars was not reduced, but dry weight of ‘Floradade’ and ‘Sunbeam’ was reduced by rimsulfuron.

Metabolic signalling and the partitioning of resources in plant storage organs

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGEL G. HALFORD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Metabolic Signalling ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Plant Storage

The most important harvested organs of crop plants, such as seeds, tubers and fruits, are often described as assimilate sinks. They play little or no part in the fixation of carbon through the production of sugars through photosynthesis, or in the uptake of nitrogen and sulphur, but import these assimilated resources to support metabolism and to store them in the form of starch, oils and proteins. Wild plants store resources in seeds and tubers to later support an emergent young plant. Cultivated crops are effectively storing resources to provide us with food and many have been bred to accumulate much more than would be required otherwise. For example, approximately 80% of a cultivated potato plant's dry weight is contained in its tubers, ten times the proportion in the tubers of its wild relatives (Inoue & Tanaka 1978). Cultivation and breeding has brought about a shift in the partitioning of carbon and nitrogen assimilate between the organs of the plant.

scholarly journals Influence of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Two Terrestrial Wild Plant Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Daniel Lizzi ◽  
Alessandro Mattiello ◽  
Alessio Adamiano ◽  
Guido Fellet ◽  
Emanuele Gava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wild Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Most current studies on the relationships between plans and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are focused on food crops, while the effects on spontaneous plants have been neglected so far. However, from an ecological perspective, the ENMs impacts on the wild plants could have dire consequences on food webs and ecosystem services. Therefore, they should not be considered less critical. A pot trial was carried out in greenhouse conditions to evaluate the growth of Holcus lanatus L. (monocot) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. DC. (dicot) exposed to cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2). Plants were grown for their entire cycle in a substrate amended with 200 mg kg−1nCeO2 having the size of 25 nm and 50 nm, respectively. nCeO2 were taken up by plant roots and then translocated towards leaf tissues of both species. However, the mean size of nCeO2 found in the roots of the species was different. In D. tenuifolia, there was evidence of more significant particle aggregation compared to H. lanatus. Further, biomass variables (dry weight of plant fractions and leaf area) showed that plant species responded differently to the treatments. In the experimental conditions, there were recorded stimulating effects on plant growth. However, nutritional imbalances for macro and micronutrients were observed, as well.

Salmonella Newport and Typhimurium Colonization of Fruit Differs from Leaves in Various Tomato Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1844-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANGHYUN HAN ◽  
SHIRLEY ANN MICALLEF
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
On Farm

Several outbreaks of Salmonella enterica infections have been linked to tomatoes. One cost-effective way to complement on-farm preventive Good Agricultural Practices is to identify cultivars with inherent decreased susceptibility to Salmonella colonization. Fruit and leaves of 13 tomato cultivars with distinct phenotypes were screened to evaluate their susceptibility to Salmonella epiphytic colonization. Field-grown fruit or gnotobiotically grown seedling leaves were spot inoculated in replicate with either Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 or a tomato outbreak–associated strain of Salmonella Newport. Initial loads of the Salmonella inocula were 2.5 log CFU per fruit and 3.5 or 7.0 log CFU per seedling. Salmonella cells were retrieved and enumerated using direct plating after 24 h of incubation at room temperature for fruit and 72 h at 26°C during the day and 18°C at night for seedling leaves. Epiphytic colonization of fruit by S. enterica was cultivar-dependent and serotype-specific, but did not necessarily correlate with leaf colonization. Fruit of cultivar Heinz-1706 were the least colonized by Salmonella Newport, while the highest populations were retrieved from fruit of Nyagous. By contrast, seedling leaves supporting the lowest populations were Florida 91 VF and the highest were Virginia Sweets for Salmonella Newport. For Salmonella Typhimurium the lowest was Nyagous and the highest was Heinz-1706 and Moneymaker. The tomato outbreak strain of Salmonella Newport attained higher population densities on fruit than did Salmonella Typhimurium, suggesting better adaptation to tomato fruit colonization. Salmonella Newport populations were significantly lower on leaves, but not fruit of the near-isogenic line Movione, compared with the parent cultivar Moneymaker, suggesting the immunity conferring gene Pto could be responding to this outbreak strain. Susceptibility of tomato fruit to Salmonella colonization is highly variable and could be one criterion for cultivar selection for cultivation.

Internal gas atmospheres, ethanol, and leakage of electrolytes from a flood-tolerant and a flood-susceptible sweet potato cultivar as influenced by anaerobiosis

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3399-3404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling A. Chang ◽  
Larry K. Hammett ◽  
David M. Pharr
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Enriched Environment ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
High Concentrations

The postanaerobic behavior of sweet potato roots from a flood-tolerant cultivar, 'Centennial,' and a flood-susceptible cultivar, 'Caromex,' was studied. High concentrations of CO2 and low concentrations of O2 were present in the internal atmosphere of 'Caromex' roots even after the anaerobically pretreated roots were restored to air for a few days, whereas in 'Centennial,' the internal gas atmosphere was less affected by anoxia. Ethanol accumulation in 'Caromex' was consistently higher than in 'Centennial,' and the postanaerobic changes were different between cultivars. An inducation of electrolyte leakage was observed from both cultivars immediately after roots were exposed to a CO2-enriched environment for 48 h. The leakage became greater in 'Caromex' after a 3-day aerobic exposure. In 'Centennial,' leakage of electrolytes due to CO2 treatment diminished at the end of 3 days. Application of ethanol to the discs had no immediate effect on electrolyte leakage in either cultivar under a N2 environment. However, anaerobiosis alone resulted in higher electrolyte leakage. It remains to be determined that the postanaerobic patterns of 'Caromex' and 'Centennial' are characteristic of flood-susceptible and flood-tolerant sweet potato cultivars in general.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document