scholarly journals First Report of Brown Rot (Monilinia fructicola) on the Dogwood, Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas)

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1275-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Beckerman ◽  
T. Creswell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Shoot Blight

Cornelian cherries (Cornus mas), also called cornels, are members of the dogwood family (Cornaceae), and are not true cherries. Cornelian cherry is primarily grown as an edible landscape ornamental in the United States. Brown rot, caused by fungi in the genus Monilinia, is one of the most important diseases of stone fruit worldwide. In the United States, M. fructicola is the most commonly observed Monilina species, although M. fructigena and the European brown rot pathogen, M. laxa, may also infect stone fruit. M. fructigena is the only Monilinia species reported to infect cornelian cherry, but there is only a single report of it occurring in the United States (1,4). All three species have similar morphology and are commonly misidentified (1,3,4). In August of 2010 and 2013, in one location, brown rot was observed on fruit of the cornelian cherry cultivar Elegans. In both instances, only ‘Elegans’ fruit was infected while neighboring ‘Sunrise’ exhibited no symptoms in the field, and lesions did not appear to develop into shoot blight. In 2013, single-spore isolates from the diseased fruit were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) incubated at 25°C for 5 days. Colony morphology was consistent with M. fructicola and was rapidly growing, gray, producing concentric rings, and developing smooth colony margins. Conidia were hyaline, 10 × 15 μm, and formed in branched, monilioid chains of varying lengths (1). Molecular-based species identification was performed on the 450-bp amplified ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, using primers ITS1 and ITS4. BLAST searches of the ITS sequences in GenBank showed the highest similarity (100%) with sequences of M. fructicola isolates from Italy (FJ411110), China (FJ515894), and Spain (EF207423). Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating surface-sterilized, mature ‘Sunrise’ fruit with mycelial plugs of the isolate identified with the ITS sequence. Mycelial plugs (3 mm in diameter) were removed from the periphery of a 5-day-old colony and placed upside down into five fruit that were wound-inoculated with a 3-mm cork borer, petiole hole-end inoculated, or unwounded but inoculated; control fruit for each treatment received sterile plugs of PDA as a control. All fruit was stored in a moist chamber for the duration of the experiment. Wound-inoculated fruit developed symptoms within 2 days; sporulating lesions developed within 5 days. Symptoms of infection via the petiole developed in 4 days; by day six, three of the five inoculated fruit were infected, and four of the five were infected by day eight. Unwounded, inoculated fruit showed symptoms on day six; three of the five fruit were infected by day eight. None of the control inoculations showed Monilinia infection. Pathogens were re-isolated from the inoculated fruit and confirmed to be M. fructicola on the basis of morphological characteristics. To our knowledge, this is the first fulfillment of Koch's postulates demonstrating that M. fructicola can infect cornelian cherry. A previous report by Höhnel in 1918 described infection by Lambertella corni-mas of a cornelian cherry in Austria; however, the taxonomic details presented are consistent with M. fructigena (2). References: (1) M.-J. Côté et al. Plant Dis. 88:1219, 2004. (2) T. H. Harrison and A. F. El-Helaly. Brit. Mycol. Soc. Trans. 19:199, 1935. (3) C. R. Lane. EPPO Bulletin 32:489, 2002. (4) E. M. Sagasta. EPPO Bulletin 7:105, 1977.

scholarly journals Confirmation of European Brown Rot Caused by Monilinia laxa on Tart Cherry, Prunus cerasus, in Western New York

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Villani ◽  
K. D. Cox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Tart Cherry ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Shoot Blight

Monilinia fructicola (G. Wint.) Honey and M. laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey are two pathogens causing brown rot in the United States. While the presence of M. fructicola has been confirmed in all major stone-fruit-production regions in the United States, M. laxa has yet to be detected in much of the eastern production regions. In July 2008, a planting of tart cherries cv. Surefire in Appleton, NY developed severe shoot blight. Blighted shoots (>15% of first-year shoots) were wilted and light brown with the blight encompassing the distal end and often extending into second-year tissue with a distinct sunken margin. Leaves on symptomatic shoots had flushed, but were blighted. Blossom spurs were either blighted at bloom or bore fruit, which were subsequently blighted. Gummosis was commonly observed from cankers at the base of spurs. Both mature and immature mummified fruit in addition to spurs and shoot tissue were sporulating in a manner characteristic of Monilinia (2). Eleven branches displaying symptoms were removed for isolation. Sections of symptomatic shoots (5 cm long) were surface sterilized in 0.6% NaOCl for 1 min and rinsed in sterile dH2O. Cross sections of shoot tissue (3 mm thick), in addition to spores from fruit and spurs, were placed on potato dextrose agar amended with 50 μg/ml of streptomycin sulfate. Following incubation at 24°C for 5 days, 24 colonies exhibiting morphology consistent with that of M. fructicola (uniform colony margin) were obtained, along with nine colonies exhibiting lobed colony margins, commonly associated with M. laxa (3). All colonies resembling M. fructicola were isolated from fruit, whereas those resembling M. laxa were isolated from spurs and shoots. Conidia from both colony morphotypes were lemon-shaped, but those from putative M. laxa isolates were smaller on average (10.75 × 12.0 μm) compared with those from putative M. fructicola isolates (15.75 × 18.25 μm). Confirmation of M. laxa was also accomplished by inoculation of mature green pear (2). Pears inoculated with 104 putative M. laxa conidia per ml produced a region of white-buff colored mycelium but no spores within the inoculated area, while M. fructicola-inoculated pears sporulated abundantly. Identity was further confirmed by PCR amplification of the β-tubulin gene using M. laxa specific primers as previously described (1). Pathogenicity was proven by inoculating flowering shoots of tart cherry trees (cv. Montmorency) in spring 2009. Twenty shoots were spray inoculated with either 104 M. laxa conidia per ml or sterile dH2O and covered with plastic bags for 24 h. Shoots were monitored for symptom development on a weekly basis. Shoots inoculated with M. laxa developed characteristic shoot blight symptoms, while those inoculated with water remained healthy. M. laxa was reisolated from symptomatic shoots and spurs, but not water-inoculated tissues. The presence of M. laxa is reported for the Great Lakes region, which includes New York, but to our knowledge, this report is the first confirmed instance of economically devastating brown rot caused by M. laxa in New York. In the coming seasons, tart cherry growers must consider revising chemical management programs to protect against European brown rot infection during bloom. References: (1) Z. Ma et al. Pest Manag. Sci. 61:449, 2005. (2) J. M. Ogawa et al. Compendium of Stone Fruit Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 1995. (3) G. C. M. van Leeuwen and H. A. van Kesteren. Can. J. Bot. 76:2042, 1998.

scholarly journals First Report of Alternaria Leaf Spot of Banana Caused by Alternaria alternata in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Parkunan ◽  
S. Li ◽  
E. G. Fonsah ◽  
P. Ji
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
First Report ◽  
Alternaria Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spots

Research efforts were initiated in 2003 to identify and introduce banana (Musa spp.) cultivars suitable for production in Georgia (1). Selected cultivars have been evaluated since 2009 in Tifton Banana Garden, Tifton, GA, comprising of cold hardy, short cycle, and ornamental types. In spring and summer of 2012, 7 out of 13 cultivars (African Red, Blue Torres Island, Cacambou, Chinese Cavendish, Novaria, Raja Puri, and Veinte Cohol) showed tiny, oval (0.5 to 1.0 mm long and 0.3 to 0.9 mm wide), light to dark brown spots on the adaxial surface of the leaves. Spots were more concentrated along the midrib than the rest of the leaf and occurred on all except the newly emerged leaves. Leaf spots did not expand much in size, but the numbers approximately doubled during the season. Disease incidences on the seven cultivars ranged from 10 to 63% (10% on Blue Torres Island and 63% on Novaria), with an average of 35% when a total of 52 plants were evaluated. Six cultivars including Belle, Ice Cream, Dwarf Namwah, Kandarian, Praying Hands, and Saba did not show any spots. Tissue from infected leaves of the seven cultivars were surface sterilized with 0.5% NaOCl, plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) media and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 5 days. The plates were then incubated at room temperature (23 ± 2°C) under a 12-hour photoperiod for 3 days. Grayish black colonies developed from all the samples, which were further identified as Alternaria spp. based on the dark, brown, obclavate to obpyriform catenulate conidia with longitudinal and transverse septa tapering to a prominent beak attached in chains on a simple and short conidiophore (2). Conidia were 23 to 73 μm long and 15 to 35 μm wide, with a beak length of 5 to 10 μm, and had 3 to 6 transverse and 0 to 5 longitudinal septa. Single spore cultures of four isolates from four different cultivars were obtained and genomic DNA was extracted and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) regions of rDNA (562 bp) were amplified and sequenced with primers ITS1 and ITS4. MegaBLAST analysis of the four sequences showed that they were 100% identical to two Alternaria alternata isolates (GQ916545 and GQ169766). ITS sequence of a representative isolate VCT1FT1 from cv. Veinte Cohol was submitted to GenBank (JX985742). Pathogenicity assay was conducted using 1-month-old banana plants (cv. Veinte Cohol) grown in pots under greenhouse conditions (25 to 27°C). Three plants were spray inoculated with the isolate VCT1FT1 (100 ml suspension per plant containing 105 spores per ml) and incubated under 100% humidity for 2 days and then kept in the greenhouse. Three plants sprayed with water were used as a control. Leaf spots identical to those observed in the field were developed in a week on the inoculated plants but not on the non-inoculated control. The fungus was reisolated from the inoculated plants and the identity was confirmed by morphological characteristics and ITS sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Alternaria leaf spot caused by A. alternata on banana in the United States. Occurrence of the disease on some banana cultivars in Georgia provides useful information to potential producers, and the cultivars that were observed to be resistant to the disease may be more suitable for production. References: (1) E. G. Fonsah et al. J. Food Distrib. Res. 37:2, 2006. (2) E. G. Simmons. Alternaria: An identification manual. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2007.

scholarly journals Recovery Plan for Monilinia polystroma Causing Asiatic Brown Rot of Stone Fruit

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Cox ◽  
S. M. Villani ◽  
Anna Poniatowska ◽  
Guido Schnabel ◽  
Imre Holb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Recovery Plan ◽  
The Impact

Stone fruit are an economically important group of specialty fruit crops in the United States. Species of the fungal genus Monilinia are some of the most important pathogens of stone fruit worldwide. These pathogens cause blossom blight, shoot blight, and brown fruit rot in temperate production regions. The most common species of Monilinia pathogenic on stone fruit include Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa, M. fructigena, and M. polystroma. Presently, neither M. polystroma, the causal agent of “Asiatic brown rot”, nor M. fructigena, one of the causal agents of “European brown rot”, have been reported in North America. Interestingly, both species can also cause brown rot of apple, which is densely planted in the eastern United States. This recovery plan was produced as part of the National Plant Disease Recovery System (NPDRS), called for in Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 9 (HSPD-9) to ensure that the tools, infrastructure, communication networks, and capacity required to mitigate the impact of high-consequence plant disease outbreaks are such that a reasonable level of crop production is maintained. It is intended to provide a brief primer on the disease, assess the status of critical recovery components, and identify disease management research, extension, and education needs.

scholarly journals First Report of Pythium deliense Associated with Peanut Pod Rot in Georgia

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1269-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Parkunan ◽  
T. Brenneman ◽  
P. Ji
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Representative Isolate

In fall 2012 and 2013, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in commercial fields in Tift County, GA, showed pod rot symptoms. The disease was primarily damaging pods and kernels and symptoms included brown to black, water-soaked lesions on pods and blackened pegs with white fluffy mycelia. Ten random symptomatic pods collected from the field were plated on potato dextrose agar after surface sterilization with 0.5% NaOCl. The plates were incubated at 25°C for 5 days in the dark. Whitish fungus-like cultures with non-septate mycelium grew from all the pods. Single hyphal tip cultures were obtained on pimaricin-ampicillin-rifampicin-pentachloronitrobenzene (PARP) medium. Isolates on PARP agar plates had three different growth patterns: two groups of isolates produced sporangia and the third group produced oogonia. The isolates were identified as Pythium spp. based on growth pattern and sporangial and oogonial structures (2). DNA of one representative isolate from each group was extracted and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) regions of rDNA were amplified and sequenced with primers ITS1 and ITS4 (1). ITS sequences of the isolates shared 99 to 100% similarity with Pythium ultimum, P. vexans, and P. deliense isolates in GenBank (Accession Nos. KC689906, GU133594, and HQ643521, respectively). The isolates were identified as P. ultimum var. ultimum, P. vexans, and P. deliense based on molecular analysis and morphological characteristics. P. ultimum produced plenty of spherical sporangia, but no oogonia in the culture, P. deliense produced characteristic terminal oogonia and aplerotic oospores with oogonial stalks curved towards the antheridia, and P. vexans produced spherical sporangia and aplerotic oospores. ITS sequences of three isolates representing each of the three species were deposited in GenBank (KF500573, KF500574, and KF500572). Pathogenicity of one representative isolate from each group was tested on peanut under greenhouse conditions (30°C day and 20°C night). Nine 10-week-old peanut seedlings (cv. GA07W) grown in 20-cm pots (2:1 ratio of potting mix/sterilized field soil) were inoculated with the isolates separately by applying 5 ml of respective Pythium-infested beet seeds. Nine untreated plants were used as a control. Pods were washed off 1 month after inoculation for disease assessment. All plants inoculated with the isolates showed pod rot similar to those observed in the field. The three Pythium species were re-isolated from respective symptomatic pods and the identity was confirmed by morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. The untreated plants did not show typical pod rot symptoms and the Pythium species were not isolated from these plants. P. ultimum and P. vexans have been reported to be associated with peanut pod rot in the United States (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. deliense causing peanut pod rot. Georgia is the top peanut producer in the United States and the occurrence of pod rot caused by the Pythium spp. needs to be taken into account in developing disease management programs in peanut production. References: (1) M. A. Innis et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990. (2) A. J. Van der Plaats-Niterink. Stud. Mycol. 21:51, 1981. (3) T. A. Wheeler et al. Peanut Sci. 32:9, 2005.

Diagnostic characteristics of Dirofilaria subdermata in cross sections

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2097-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yezid Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Erethizon Dorsatum ◽  
Border States ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues

A study of morphological characteristics in cross sections of Dirofilaria subdermata adults from the subcutaneous tissues of the Canadian porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) is reported. A useful diagnostic feature which differentiates D. subdermata from a closely related filarid, D. ursi, occurring in bears, was found to be the number of longitudinal ridges. The relevance of these findings are discussed in relation to the human subcutaneous infections found in the United States and Canadian border states and provinces with D. ursi.

scholarly journals First Report of Stem and Foliage Blight of Chrysanthemum Caused by Phytophthora drechsleri in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Krasnow ◽  
Nancy Rechcigl ◽  
Jennifer Olson ◽  
Linus Schmitz ◽  
Steven N. Jeffers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
First Report ◽  
Foliage Blight

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) plants exhibiting stem and foliage blight were observed in a commercial nursery in eastern Oklahoma in June 2019. Disease symptoms were observed on ~10% of plants during a period of frequent rain and high temperatures (26-36°C). Dark brown lesions girdled the stems of symptomatic plants and leaves were wilted and necrotic. The crown and roots were asymptomatic and not discolored. A species of Phytophthora was consistently isolated from the stems of diseased plants on selective V8 agar (Lamour and Hausbeck 2000). The Phytophthora sp. produced ellipsoid to obpyriform sporangia that were non-papillate and persistent on V8 agar plugs submerged in distilled water for 8 h. Sporangia formed on long sporangiophores and measured 50.5 (45-60) × 29.8 (25-35) µm. Oospores and chlamydospores were not formed by individual isolates. Mycelium growth was present at 35°C. Isolates were tentatively identified as P. drechsleri using morphological characteristics and growth at 35°C (Erwin and Ribeiro 1996). DNA was extracted from mycelium of four isolates, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified using universal primers ITS 4 and ITS 6. The PCR product was sequenced and a BLASTn search showed 100% sequence similarity to P. drechsleri (GenBank Accession Nos. KJ755118 and GU111625), a common species of Phytophthora that has been observed on ornamental and vegetable crops in the U.S. (Erwin and Ribeiro 1996). The gene sequences for each isolate were deposited in GenBank (accession Nos. MW315961, MW315962, MW315963, and MW315964). These four isolates were paired with known A1 and A2 isolates on super clarified V8 agar (Jeffers 2015), and all four were mating type A1. They also were sensitive to the fungicide mefenoxam at 100 ppm (Olson et al. 2013). To confirm pathogenicity, 4-week-old ‘Brandi Burgundy’ chrysanthemum plants were grown in 10-cm pots containing a peat potting medium. Plants (n = 7) were atomized with 1 ml of zoospore suspension containing 5 × 103 zoospores of each isolate. Control plants received sterile water. Plants were maintained at 100% RH for 24 h and then placed in a protected shade-structure where temperatures ranged from 19-32°C. All plants displayed symptoms of stem and foliage blight in 2-3 days. Symptoms that developed on infected plants were similar to those observed in the nursery. Several inoculated plants died, but stem blight, dieback, and foliar wilt were primarily observed. Disease severity averaged 50-60% on inoculated plants 15 days after inoculation. Control plants did not develop symptoms. The pathogen was consistently isolated from stems of symptomatic plants and verified as P. drechsleri based on morphology. The pathogenicity test was repeated with similar results. P. drechsleri has a broad host range (Erwin and Ribeiro 1996; Farr et al. 2021), including green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), which are susceptible to seedling blight and pod rot in eastern Oklahoma. Previously, P. drechsleri has been reported on chrysanthemums in Argentina (Frezzi 1950), Pennsylvania (Molnar et al. 2020), and South Carolina (Camacho 2009). Chrysanthemums are widely grown in nurseries in the Midwest and other regions of the USA for local and national markets. This is the first report of P. drechsleri causing stem and foliage blight on chrysanthemum species in the United States. Identifying sources of primary inoculum may be necessary to limit economic loss from P. drechsleri.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium proliferatum Causing Root Rot on Soybean (Glycine max) in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1316-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Díaz Arias ◽  
G. P. Munkvold ◽  
L. F. Leandro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
First Report ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Soybean Diseases

Fusarium spp. are widespread soilborne pathogens that cause important soybean diseases such as damping-off, root rot, Fusarium wilt, and sudden death syndrome. At least 12 species of Fusarium, including F. proliferatum, have been associated with soybean roots, but their relative aggressiveness as root rot pathogens is not known and pathogenicity has not been established for all reported species (2). In collaboration with 12 Iowa State University extension specialists, soybean roots were arbitrarily sampled from three fields in each of 98 Iowa counties from 2007 to 2009. Ten plants were collected from each field at V2-V3 and R3-R4 growth stages (2). Typical symptoms of Fusarium root rot (2) were observed. Symptomatic and asymptomatic root pieces were superficially sterilized in 0.5% NaOCl for 2 min, rinsed three times in sterile distilled water, and placed onto a Fusarium selective medium. Fusarium colonies were transferred to carnation leaf agar (CLA) and potato dextrose agar and later identified to species based on cultural and morphological characteristics. Of 1,230 Fusarium isolates identified, 50 were recognized as F. proliferatum based on morphological characteristics (3). F. proliferatum isolates produced abundant, aerial, white mycelium and a violet-to-dark purple pigmentation characteristic of Fusarium section Liseola. On CLA, microconidia were abundant, single celled, oval, and in chains on monophialides and polyphialides (3). Species identity was confirmed for two isolates by sequencing of the elongation factor (EF1-α) gene using the ef1 and ef2 primers (1). Identities of the resulting sequences (~680 bp) were confirmed by BLAST analysis and the FUSARIUM-ID database. Analysis resulted in a 99% match for five accessions of F. proliferatum (e.g., FD01389 and FD01858). To complete Koch's postulates, four F. proliferatum isolates were tested for pathogenicity on soybean in a greenhouse. Soybean seeds of cv. AG2306 were planted in cones (150 ml) in autoclaved soil infested with each isolate; Fusarium inoculum was applied by mixing an infested cornmeal/sand mix with soil prior to planting (4). Noninoculated control plants were grown in autoclaved soil amended with a sterile cornmeal/sand mix. Soil temperature was maintained at 18 ± 1°C by placing cones in water baths. The experiment was a completely randomized design with five replicates (single plant in a cone) per isolate and was repeated three times. Root rot severity (visually scored on a percentage scale), shoot dry weight, and root dry weight were assessed at the V3 soybean growth stage. All F. proliferatum isolates tested were pathogenic. Plants inoculated with these isolates were significantly different from the control plants in root rot severity (P = 0.001) and shoot (P = 0.023) and root (P = 0.013) dry weight. Infected plants showed dark brown lesions in the root system as well as decay of the entire taproot. F. proliferatum was reisolated from symptomatic root tissue of infected plants but not from similar tissues of control plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. proliferatum causing root rot on soybean in the United States. References: (1) D. M. Geiser et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473, 2004. (2) G. L. Hartman et al. Compendium of Soybean Diseases. 4th ed. The American Phytopathologic Society, St. Paul, MN, 1999. (3) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, 2006. (4) G. P. Munkvold and J. K. O'Mara. Plant Dis. 86:143, 2002.

scholarly journals Measurement of Genetic Diversity of Chinese Seashore Paspalum Resources through Morphological and Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Hailin Guo ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jingang Shi ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Chinese Germplasm

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is a notable warm-season turfgrass. Certain germplasm resources are distributed in the southern regions of China. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic variation of Chinese seashore paspalum resources. Morphological characteristics and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to assess genetic relationships and genetic variation among 36 germplasm resources from China and six cultivars from the United States. The results showed significant variation for 13 morphological characteristics among 42 tested seashore paspalum accessions, and that the phenotypic cv was, in turn, turf height > turf density > internode length > inflorescence density > leaf width > reproductive branch height > spikelet width > leaf length > spikelet number > inflorescence length > internode diameter > inflorescence width > spikelet length. According to the morphological characteristics and cluster analysis, 42 seashore paspalum accessions were divided into six morphological types. In total, 374 clear bands were amplified using 30 SRAP primer combinations; among these bands, 321 were polymorphic with 85.83% polymorphism. SRAP marker cluster analysis showed that 42 seashore paspalum accessions were grouped into seven major groups, with a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 0.4385 to 0.9893 and genetic distance values ranging from 0.0108 to 0.8244. The high level of genetic diversity occurred among Chinese germplasm, and the genetic distance was relatively high between Chinese germplasm and cultivars introduced from the United States. The patterns in morphological trait variations and genetic diversity will be useful for the further exploitation and use of Chinese seashore paspalum resources.

Taxonomy of the genusMyrionora, with a second species from South America

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk PALICE ◽  
Christian PRINTZEN ◽  
Toby SPRIBILLE ◽  
Måns SVENSSON ◽  
Tor TØNSBERG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

AbstractA taxonomic and biogeographic overview of the genusMyrionorais provided. Two species are recognized,M. albidula(Willey) R. C. Harris andM. pseudocyphellariae(Etayo) S. Ekman & Palice comb. nov. The genus is characterized by polysporous asci, the presence of crystals in the hymenium and proper exciple that partly consist of lobaric acid, and a photobiont with large cells (mostly in the range 12–20 µm).Myrionora albidulais currently known from Germany, Norway, Sweden, the Russian Federation (Altayskiy Kray, Chelyabinskaya Oblast', Khabarovskiy Kray and Zabaykal'skiy Kray), and the United States (Alaska, Connecticut, Maine and Massachusetts). It inhabits bark of deciduous trees and shrubs and conifers over a wide range of latitudes.Myrionora pseudocyphellariaeis known from Chile and Ecuador, where it has been encountered on lichens and decaying bark. Based on morphological characteristics, we conclude thatMyrionorabelongs in theRamalinaceae.

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