scholarly journals Disease Severity and Microsclerotium Properties of the Sorghum Sooty Stripe Pathogen, Ramulispora sorghi

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 853-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Brady ◽  
L. W. Noll ◽  
A. A. Saleh ◽  
C. R. Little
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Microsclerotia Production

Ramulispora sorghi causes sooty stripe of sorghum. Disease severity in irrigated and dryland plots was measured for 25 susceptible sorghum genotypes during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons using a rating scale based upon percent leaf area infected. Disease severity ratings were approximately 1.4 points higher (P < 0.0001) on the rating scale in the irrigated plots than dryland plots for 2007 and 2008. Sooty stripe lesions were collected from each sorghum genotype in irrigated plots and assessed for mean microsclerotium production within lesions, microsclerotium size, and sporogenic germination, with significant differences apparent between genotypes for microsclerotium size (P = 0.01) and sporogenic germination (P = 0.01). There was no relationship between disease severity and microsclerotium production within leaf lesions, microsclerotium size, or sporogenic germination; however, there was a positive and significant correlation between microsclerotia production within a lesion and microsclerotium size (R2 = 0.19, P < 0.0001). Although microsclerotia from sorghum lesions varied in structural characteristics and their ability to produce spore masses, these qualities were dependent upon the sorghum genotype from which the microsclerotia were derived, because the R. sorghi population was genetically uniform as determined by internal transcribed spacer sequences and random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction.

scholarly journals Application of Partial Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences for the Discrimination ofArtemisia capillarisfrom OtherArtemisiaSpecies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eui Jeong Doh ◽  
Seung-Ho Paek ◽  
Guemsan Lee ◽  
Mi-Young Lee ◽  
Seung-Eun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Artemisia Capillaris ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SeveralArtemisiaspecies are used as herbal medicines including the dried aerial parts ofArtemisia capillaris, which are used as Artemisiae Capillaris Herba (known as “Injinho” in Korean medicinal terminology and “Yin Chen Hao” in Chinese). In this study, we developed tools for distinguishing betweenA. capillarisand 11 otherArtemisiaspecies that grow and/or are cultured in China, Japan, and Korea. Based on partial nucleotide sequences in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) that differ between the species, we designed primers to amplify a DNA marker forA. capillaris. In addition, to detect otherArtemisiaspecies that are contaminants ofA. capillaris, we designed primers to amplify DNA markers ofA. japonica,A. annua,A. apiacea, andA. anomala. Moreover, based on random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, we confirmed that primers developed in a previous study could be used to identifyArtemisiaspecies that are sources of Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba. By using these primers, we found that multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was a reliable tool to distinguish betweenA. capillarisand otherArtemisiaspecies and to identify otherArtemisiaspecies as contaminants ofA. capillarisin a single PCR.

scholarly journals Characterization of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli isolates

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Mário de Carvalho Nunes ◽  
Maria Júlia Corazza ◽  
Silvana Aparecida Crestes Dias de Souza ◽  
Siu Mui Tsai ◽  
Eiko Eurya Kuramae
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Bacterial Plant Pathogen

A simple, quick and easy protocol was standardized for extraction of total DNA of the bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. The DNA obtained by this method had high quality and the quantity was enough for the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) reactions with random primers, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with primers of the hypersensitivity and pathogenicity gene (hrp). The DNA obtained was free of contamination by proteins or carbohydrates. The ratio 260nm/380nm of the DNA extracted ranged from 1.7 to 1.8. The hrp gene cluster is required by bacterial plant pathogen to produce symptoms on susceptible hosts and hypersensitive reaction on resistant hosts. This gene has been found in different bacteria as well as in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (9). The primers RST21 and RST22 (9) were used to amplify the hrp gene of nine different isolates of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli from Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, and one isolate, "Davis". PCR amplified products were obtained in all isolates pathogenic to beans.

scholarly journals Genetic variation between susceptible and non-susceptible snails to Schistosoma infection using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPDs)

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Hamid Zaki ABDEL-HAMID ◽  
Jeanne Blanco de MOLFETTA ◽  
Vania FERNANDEZ ◽  
Vanderlei RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genome Comparison ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
High Molecular Weight Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Host Parasite

Susceptibility of snails to infection by certain trematodes and their suitability as hosts for continued development has been a bewildering problem in host-parasite relationships. The present work emphasizes our interest in snail genetics to determine what genes or gene products are specifically responsible for susceptibility of snails to infection. High molecular weight DNA was extracted from both susceptible and non-susceptible snails within the same species Biomphalaria tenagophila. RAPD was undertaken to distinguish between the two types of snails. Random primers (10 mers) were used to amplify the extracted DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver staining. The results suggest that RAPD represents an efficient means of genome comparison, since many molecular markers were detected as genetic variations between susceptible and non-susceptible snails.

Inheritance of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers in an interspecific cross in the genus Stylosanthes

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Kazan ◽  
John M. Manners ◽  
Don F. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The inheritance of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers generated via the polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA sequences in an F2 family of an interspecific cross between Stylosanthes hamata and S. scabra was investigated. An initial comparison between the parental species, S. hamata cv. Verano and S. scabra cv. Fitzroy, demonstrated that 34% of detected RAPD bands were polymorphic. Of 90 primers tested, 35 showed relatively simple and reliably scorable polymorphisms and were used for segregation analysis. Sixty F2 individuals were scored for the segregation of 73 RAPD markers and 55 of these markers fit a 3:1 ratio. Segregation of eight other RAPD markers deviated significantly from a 3:1 ratio. There was no bias in the inheritance of RAPD markers regarding parental origin of the segregating RAPD markers. Linkage analysis revealed 10 linkage groups containing a total of 44 RAPD loci. Another 10 RAPD markers (7 of maternal origin) that were polymorphic between the parents did not segregate in the F2 population. One of the maternally inherited RAPD bands hybridized to chloroplast DNA. Analysis of RAPD loci by DNA hybridization indicated that mainly repeated sequences were amplified. These data indicate that RAPDs are useful genetic markers in Stylosanthes spp. and they may be suitable for genetic mapping.Key words: genetic mapping, molecular markers, polymerase chain reaction, Stylosanthes hamata, Stylosanthes scabra.

Effects of CYP2C19*2 polymorphisms on the efficacy and safety of phenazepam in patients with anxiety disorder and comorbid alcohol use disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Michael S Zastrozhin ◽  
Valentin Y Skryabin ◽  
Marco Torrado ◽  
Anastasiya Petrovna ◽  
Alexander S Sorokin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tablet Form ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction: Phenazepam therapy can often be ineffective and some patients develop dose-related adverse drug reactions. Aim. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the CYP2C19*2 (681G>A, rs4244285) in patients with anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence taking phenazepam therapy. Materials & methods: Patients (175 males, average age: 37.16 ± 7.84 years) received phenazepam in tablet form for 5 days. Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The statistically significant differences in the UKU Side-Effect Rating Scale scores on the fifth day of therapy: ( CYP2C19*1/*1) 2.00 [1.00; 2.00), ( CYP2C19*1/*2) 7.00 (7.00; 7.00), ( CYP2C19*2/*2) 9.00 (8.00; 9.00), p < 0.001. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the different efficacy and safety of phenazepam in patients with different genotypes of CYP2C19*2.

scholarly journals Development of PCR-Based Assays for Detecting Xanthomonas campestris pv. carotae, the Carrot Bacterial Leaf Blight Pathogen, from Different Substrates

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1226-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Q. Meng ◽  
K. C. Umesh ◽  
R. M. Davis ◽  
R. L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Extensive Collection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Detection of the carrot bacterial leaf blight pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv. carotae, was achieved using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) along with primer pairs developed from sequences of cloned random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments. Primer pairs 3S and 9B directed the amplification of ∼350-bp and ∼900-bp (or ∼2 kb) DNA fragments, respectively, from genomic DNA of all known X. campestris pv. carotae strains tested, but not from that of 13 other X. campestris pathovars or other bacterial species, including yellow non-xanthomonad bacteria isolated from carrot tissues and seeds. In tests conducted with an extensive collection of X. campestris pv. carotae-like strains isolated from different substrates from California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Canada, the 3S primer pair directed the amplification of the ∼350-bp target fragment from all strains. These results indicated that the 3S primer pair is highly specific for X. campestris pv. carotae detection. Using the 3S primer pair, PCR assays were developed for detection of X. campestris pv. carotae from colonies on agar media, carrot leaf and stem tissues, and seeds. These tests could be performed in a single day. The PCR-based seed assay detected X. campestris pv. carotae from lots with contamination rates ranging from 2 × 102 to 2.3 × 108 CFU per gram of seed. This assay gave results similar to a seed-wash dilution plating assay and proved more sensitive than an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based assay.

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