Morphological and Molecular Identification of Cytospora germanica Causing Canker on Populus spp. in China

Species of Cytospora Ehrenb. cause canker and dieback on many genera of hardwoods. During surveys of forest trees in 2004 and 2008, some hardwoods such as Populus spp. with symptoms of canker and dieback were found in Liaoning and Xinjiang provinces, respectively. In these trees, the canker pathogen discolored the sapwood. During wet weather, the conidia were exuded from the fruiting bodies in gelatinous matrices, usually as yellow or orange tendrils. In the spring, the affected trees were wilting and the diffuse cankers spread rapidly and extensively during the period when trees began active spring growth. For saplings, sometimes the death rate of the pathogen has exceeded 50%. Conidiomatal stromata immersed in bark, prominent, circular to ovoid, 1.10 ± 0.23 mm in diameter (n = 10). Discs were white, nearly flat, circular, 0.44 ± 0.04 mm in diameter (n = 10), with one or two ostioles per disc. Ostioles were gray. Locules were subdivided by invaginations into chambers. Conidia were hyaline and lelongate-allantoid shaped, 4 to 5.4 μm long and 1 to 1.4 μm wide. Pieces (5 × 5 mm2) of the junction of affected and healthy tissues were surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 30 s and then rinsed twice in sterile distilled water. The fragments were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates incubated at 25°C for 7 days. The obtained isolates were cultured on PDA at 25°C in diffuse fluorescent light for 30 days, and then were deposited in the culture collection of the Chinese Academy of Forestry. According to these morphological features we initially thought that this pathogen was Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. However, BLAST analysis showed 98% and 99% homology with ITS sequence of isolate CBS118560 (GenBank Accession No. DQ243793), 99% and 100% homology with LSU gene of isolate AR3427 (AF362561) when we amplified ITS-rDNA gene and LSU gene of the isolates. The sequences were submitted to GenBank with the following accession numbers: JQ086563, JQ086564, JX524617, and JX524618. Pathogenicity tests were conducted in the greenhouse by inoculating 20 disinfected (70% ethanol) Populus tomentosa cuttings. Another two cuttings were treated with water agar as controls. The cuttings were incubated at 25°C for 30 days. In 18 of the 20 cuttings, the cambium became brown and appeared water soaked 20 days later, whereas controls did not show any symptoms. C. germanica was reisolated from symptomatic tissues. Inoculations were later repeated two times with similar results. Hubbes (1) and Spielman (2) considered V. germanica (teleomorph of C. germanica) a synonym of V. sordida (teleomorph of C. chrysosperma) based on morphological studies. We almost regarded these isolates as C. chrysosperma too. Morphological identification has been a weak and often inadequate means of identifying Cytospora species (1,2); the present study based on ITS-rDNA gene and LSU gene has substantially elevated identifications. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. germanica on Populus spp. in China. Populus species are economically important trees in forests of North China and C. germanica has the potential to cause significant economic losses. References: (1) M. Hubbes. Phytopathol. Z. 39:65, 1960. (2) L. J. Spielman. Can. J. Bot. 63:1355, 1985.

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Canker on Bark of Populus spp. Caused by Cytospora tritici, a New Disease in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-12-0040-pdn ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (10) ◽

pp. 1578-1578 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Q. T. Zhang ◽

M. He ◽

X. Y. Zhang ◽

Q. Lu ◽

J. Liang

Keyword(s):

Populus Tomentosa ◽

Western China ◽

Universal Primers ◽

Fluorescent Light ◽

Academic Press ◽

Tree Defenses ◽

Landscape Trees ◽

Cytospora Canker ◽

Canker Pathogens ◽

Populus Spp

Species of Cytospora Ehrenb. and associated teleomorphs cause dieback and canker on over 85 species of angiosperm and gymnosperm plants throughout the world (2). Cytospora tritici Punith. was first observed on Triticum asetivum in Germany in 1980 but may also affect many hardwoods (3). During a survey of landscape trees in 2007, Populus spp. with cankers were found in Fushun, Baoxing, and Luding counties and Chengdu city in Sichuan Province. In these trees, bark canker pathogens discolored the sapwood. During damp weather, conidia were pushed out and formed orange spore horns. Conidiomatal stromata were immersed in bark, prominent, and 1.53 ± 0.33 mm in diameter (n = 10). Discs were white to grey, circular, oval, and 0.59 ± 0.14 mm in diameter (n = 10), with one ostiole per disc. Ostioles were dark grey. Locules were multi-chambered, chambers irregular. Conidia were lelongate-allantoid shaped, hyaline, aseptate, 5.04 ± 0.65 μm long (n = 50), and 1.22 ± 0.13 μm wide (n = 50). Fragments (5 × 5 mm2) of the junction of diseased and healthy tissues were surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 30 s and then rinsed twice in sterile distilled water. The pieces were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. The obtained isolates were cultured on PDA at 25°C in diffuse fluorescent light for 30 days. Upon isolation, the mycelium grew at a rate of 3 to 5 mm per day at 25°C, forming pale white-to-pure white flat colonies. Conidiomata never formed on PDA. ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences were amplified via PCR from genomic DNA obtained from mycelia using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 (4). The amplification products showed 100% sequence homology with C. tritici isolate DQ243812 from the GenBank database. The ITS sequences were submitted to GenBank (Accession No. JQ277333 to JQ277336). Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating 20 disinfected (70% ethanol) Populus tomentosa cuttings. Cuttings were incubated at 25°C for 30 days. Another two cuttings were treated with water agar as controls. In 18 of the 20 cuttings, the cambium developed a brown color and appeared water soaked 15 days later, whereas controls did not develop any symptoms. C. tritici was reisolated from symptomatic tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. tritici in China causing canker on Populus spp. Cytospora canker is common in practically all countries where poplar are grown. Canker expansion increases when tree defenses are compromised, usually by seasonal dormancy but also by drought, cold injury of wood, sun scald of bark, flooding of root, hail, freezing, or other stress (1). Future spread of C. tritici to western China is considered highly likely. References: (1) G. C. Adams et al. Stud. Mycol. 52:1, 2005. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ March 25, 2012. (3) E. Punithalingam. Nova Hedwigia 32:585, 1980. (4) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.

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First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Parasitizing Roses in Ethiopia

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-04-14-0383-pdn ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (9) ◽

pp. 1286-1286 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Beira H. Meressa ◽

H. Heuer ◽

H.-W. Dehne ◽

J. Hallmann

Keyword(s):

Addis Ababa ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Infected Plant ◽

Export Market ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Damage Potential

Meloidogyne hapla is one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes in temperate regions. This nematode has a wide host range with more than 500 plant taxa including roses. In Ethiopia, rose production has developed over the past 10 years to the second most important export market after coffee. Considering the high damage potential of M. hapla, infestation of roses in Ethiopia with this nematode could result in major economic losses. Therefore, awareness of this nematode species is extremely important. During two surveys conducted in August 2011 and April 2012, M. hapla was detected in soil samples from six out of nine rose producing farms located in the districts of Ziway, Holleta, Sebeta, and Menagesha. At infested farms, rose plants appeared stunted and less productive and often showed symptoms of chlorosis and wilting. Identification was based on morphological and morphometrical characters of females, males, and second-stage juveniles, which were all within the range of variability known for this species (4). Shape of juvenile stylet knobs, shape of male head, and perennial pattern of the females with characteristic punctuations between the anus and tail terminus were also typical for M. hapla. The morphological identification was confirmed by sequence analysis of the D2-D3 expansion segment of the 28S rDNA gene following amplification with the primers D2A (5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTT-3′) and D3B (5′-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3′) (1). PCR products were purified and sequenced at the Macrogene sequencing facility service (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Sequences were deposited in GenBank (KJ645427 to 33). The sequences were compared with previously published sequences in NCBI database and showed 96 to 100% sequence similarity with M. hapla accession nos. GQ130139, DQ328685, KF430798, and DQ145641. Unfortunately, comparison of sequences did not provide further information about the origin of this Ethiopian population, if it is native to Ethiopia or was imported with infected plant material. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of M. hapla occurring in Ethiopia. M. hapla is known as a serious pest of roses in colder climate regions. In Africa, it was previously reported from Tanzania (3) and South Africa (2). Thus, it appears that this species has now become also established in Ethiopia at higher altitudes (1,400 to 2,100 m above sea level) within the urban hinterland of Addis Ababa. References: (1) Baldwin et al. Mol. Phy. Evol. 8:248, 1887. (2) J. H. O'Bannon. Institute Agri. Res. 29, 1975. (3) E. Onkendi and L. N. Moleleki. Eur. J. Pl. Pathol. 136:1, 2013. (4) A. G. Whitehead. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lon.31:263, 1968.

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Characterization of Trichuris trichiura from humans and T. suis from pigs in China using internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x12000740 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 64-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

G.H. Liu ◽

W. Zhou ◽

A.J. Nisbet ◽

M.J. Xu ◽

D.H. Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Sequence Variation ◽

Animal Health ◽

Trichuris Trichiura ◽

Its Rdna ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Rdna Sequences

AbstractTrichuris trichiura and Trichuris suis parasitize (at the adult stage) the caeca of humans and pigs, respectively, causing trichuriasis. Despite these parasites being of human and animal health significance, causing considerable socio-economic losses globally, little is known of the molecular characteristics of T. trichiura and T. suis from China. In the present study, the entire first and second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1 and ITS-2) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of T. trichiura and T. suis from China were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the representative amplicons were cloned and sequenced, and sequence variation in the ITS rDNA was examined. The ITS rDNA sequences for the T. trichiura and T. suis samples were 1222–1267 bp and 1339–1353 bp in length, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that the ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2 rDNAs of both whipworms were 600–627 bp and 655–661 bp, 154 bp, and 468–486 bp and 530–538 bp in size, respectively. Sequence variation in ITS rDNA within and among T. trichiura and T. suis was examined. Excluding nucleotide variations in the simple sequence repeats, the intra-species sequence variation in the ITS-1 was 0.2–1.7% within T. trichiura, and 0–1.5% within T. suis. For ITS-2 rDNA, the intra-species sequence variation was 0–1.3% within T. trichiura and 0.2–1.7% within T. suis. The inter-species sequence differences between the two whipworms were 60.7–65.3% for ITS-1 and 59.3–61.5% for ITS-2. These results demonstrated that the ITS rDNA sequences provide additional genetic markers for the characterization and differentiation of the two whipworms. These data should be useful for studying the epidemiology and population genetics of T. trichiura and T. suis, as well as for the diagnosis of trichuriasis in humans and pigs.

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Molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of the lichen microalga Asterochloris mediterranea sp. nov. from Mediterranean and Canary Islands ecosystems

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.000185 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (Pt_6) ◽

pp. 1838-1854 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Patricia Moya ◽

Pavel Škaloud ◽

Salvador Chiva ◽

Francisco J. García-Breijo ◽

José Reig-Armiñana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Culture Collection ◽

Its Rdna ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Correct Identification ◽

Holotype Specimen ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Chloroplast Morphology ◽

Microscopy Techniques

The microalgae of the genus Asterochloris are the preferential phycobionts in Cladonia, Lepraria and Stereocaulon lichens. Recent studies have highlighted the hidden diversity of the genus, even though phycobionts hosting species of the genus Cladonia in Mediterranean and Canarian ecosystems have been poorly explored. Phylogenetic analyses were made by concatenation of the sequences obtained with a plastid – LSU rDNA – and two nuclear – internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and actin – molecular markers of the phycobionts living in several populations of the Cladonia convoluta-Cladonia foliacea complex, Cladonia rangiformis and Cladonia cervicornis s. str. widely distributed in these areas in a great variety of substrata and habitats. A new strongly supported clade was obtained in relation to the previously published Asterochloris phylogenies. Minimum genetic variation was detected between our haplotypes and other sequences available in the GenBank database. The correct identification of the fungal partners was corroborated by the ITS rDNA barcode. In this study we provide a detailed characterization comprising chloroplast morphology, and ultrastructural and phylogenetic analyses of a novel phycobiont species, here described as Asterochloris mediterranea sp. nov. Barreno, Chiva, Moya et Škaloud. A cryopreserved holotype specimen has been deposited in the Culture Collection of Algae of Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic (CAUP) as CAUP H 1015. We suggest the use of a combination of several nuclear and plastid molecular markers, as well as ultrastructural (transmission electron and confocal microscopy) techniques, both in culture and in the symbiotic state, to improve novel species delimitation of phycobionts in lichens.

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ITS sequence data and morphology differentiate Cytospora chrysosperma associated with trunk disease of grapevine in northern Iran

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.1515/jppr-2015-0015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 117-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mahdi Arzanlou ◽

Abolfazl Narmani

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Its Sequence ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Cytospora Chrysosperma ◽

Trunk Diseases ◽

Woody Host ◽

Pathogenicity Assay

Abstract Trunk diseases are potential threats for the grapevine industry owing to the worldwide incidence and economic impact of the diseases. Several fungal groups are known to be involved in these diseases. In a survey on grapevine trunk diseases in northern Iran, Cytospora isolates were repeatedly recovered from vines showing decline symptoms. The symptoms appeared as pale brown to brown streaks in longitudinal cuts of shoots. The morphological and cultural characteristics of the isolates were in agreement with the description of Cytospora chrysosperma. Sequence data of the ITS-rDNA region was used to further confirm the identity of the species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence data obtained in this study and the sequences from GenBank, confirmed the morphological identification. Our isolates were clustered together with C. chrysosperma isolates known from other woody host plant species. The pathogenicity assay on detached shoots of grapevines induced the same symptoms as was observed in field conditions. Although, C. chrysosperma is known from several woody hosts in Iran, the occurrence of this species on grapevines showing decline symptoms is new. The economic impact, distribution, and degree of involvement of C. chrysosperma in decline of vines in other regions of Iran remains to be studied.

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Morphological identification of Nematodirus spathiger nematodes (Nematoda, Molineidae) obtained from the small intestine of sheep

Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems ◽

10.15421/022119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 121-127

Author(s):

V. Melnychuk ◽

V. Yevstafieva ◽

M. Pishchalenko ◽

O. Reshetylo ◽

A. Antipov

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

The Body ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Domestic Sheep ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Delayed Growth

Strongyloidiases are caused by nematodes of the suborder Strongylida and are the most widely prevalent group of gastrointestinal helminthiases of sheep in many regions of the world. Among gastrointestinal strongylids, the helminths of the genus Nematodirus are represented by the largest number of species and highest infection rates in sheep. Nematodirosis causes significant economic losses in the sheep industry through decreased sheep productivity, delayed growth and development of young animals, and a reduced resistance to other diseases. Timely and accurate diagnosis of nematodirosis and identification of the pathogen will effectively prevent the disease and help to carry out treatment and prevention measures. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the definitive morphometric characters of mature males and females of Nematodirus spathiger Railliet, 1896, obtained from the small intestine of domestic sheep. The results of experimental studies showed that nematodes of this species morphologically are characterized by a thin filiform body, a vesicle at the head end and a chitinous tooth in a short oral capsule. The differential morphological features of male nematodes of N. spathiger include specifics of the structure of spicules, their distal end and the shape and location of the rays of the caudal bursa; in females, those are the features of the structure of the vulva and tail end. In identification of male nematodes of N. spathiger, it is proposed to use 40 metric parameters, of which 11 characterize the overall size of the body, esophagus and vesicles, 24 refer to the size of the tail bursa, 5 to the size of the spicules and the enveloping membrane. To help identify the females of N. spathiger, 25 parameters are chosen, of which 14 also characterize the overall size of the body, esophagus and head vesicle, 6 refer to the size of the cuticular formations of the vulva and its location, and 5 to the size of the tail end, the location of the anus and the size of the tail spike.

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First Report of Downy Mildew Caused by Plasmopara halstedii on Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia fulgida cv. ‘Goldsturm’) in Maryland

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-13-1242-pdn ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (7) ◽

pp. 1005-1005 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Y. Rivera ◽

K. Rane ◽

J. A. Crouch

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Control Plant ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Plasmopara Halstedii ◽

First Report

The North American perennial black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia fulgida cv. Goldsturm) is an important nursery crop, prized by gardeners and landscapers for its persistent bloom and ease of cultivation. In September 2013, disease symptoms characteristic of downy mildew were observed from multiple R. fulgida plants at two commercial nurseries in the Maryland counties of Howard and Anne Arundel. Over 100 R. fulgida were affected by this disease in both nurseries, rendering the plants unmarketable and causing a substantial financial loss. Plants exhibited dark necrotic lesions on the adaxial leaf surface, and sporulating masses of white mycelium on the abaxial leaf surface and on the adaxial in extreme infections. Plants were stunted with a reduced number of blooms. Microscopic visualization showed coenocytic mycelium, hyaline sporangiophores (length 261 to 904 μm; [Formula: see text] = 557 μm; n = 20) that were straight and monopodially branched at right angles with several terminal branchlets. Sporangia were hyaline, ovoid to elliptical with smooth surfaces ([Formula: see text] = 31 × 28 μm; n = 50). Based on morphological data, the organism was identified as Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & De Toni in Sacc (2). Voucher specimens were deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI 892792 to 892794). Molecular identification was conducted by extracting genomic DNA from sporangiophores and mycelium tweezed from the surface of three infected plants, with extractions performed using the QIAGEN Plant DNA kit (QIAGEN, Gaithersburg, MD). The large subunit of the nuclear rDNA was amplified by PCR using primers LROR and LR7 (3) and sequenced bidirectionally. BLASTn searches of NCBI GenBank showed that the resultant rDNA sequences (accessions KF927152 to KF927154) shared 99% nucleotide identity with curated P. halstedii sequences, consistent with morphological identification. To confirm pathogenicity, three 3.78-liter (1 gallon) containerized R. fulgida cv. Goldsturm plants were inoculated with a sporangial suspension of 2.4 × 104 sporangia/ml and sprayed until both the upper and lower surface of the leaves were completely covered. One negative control plant was sprayed with deionized water. Plants were placed in clear plastic bags in a growth chamber (20°C, 12-h photoperiod). Disease symptoms were observed 3 days post inoculation on all plants. The control plant was symptomless. Morphological features of the pathogen on the surface of inoculated plants were identical to those observed from the original infected plants. Although P. halstedii on R. fulgida cv. Goldsturm has been previously reported in Virginia in 2006 and Florida in 2004, to our knowledge, this is the first report on R. fulgida cv. Goldsturm in Maryland (1). Black-eyed Susans are widely distributed throughout Maryland's landscape and are a staple plant for gardeners, nurserymen and landscape professionals. Given the destructive nature of this disease, downy mildew has the potential to cause considerable economic losses to the state's ornamental crop industry. References: (1) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , November 18, 2013. (2) P. A. Saccardo. Syllogue Fungorum 7:242, 1888. (3) R. Vilgalys and M. Hester. J. Bacteriol. 172:4238, 1990.

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Porcine hemothropic mycoplasmas infection associated with productive impact in intensive pig production

Porcine Health Management ◽

10.1186/s40813-020-00171-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Antônio Moreira Petri ◽

Karina Sonalio ◽

Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida ◽

Maria Eugênia Silveira Ferraz ◽

Gabriel Yuri Storino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Pig Production ◽

Rdna Gene ◽

Spearman Correlation Test ◽

Pig Farm

Abstract Background So far, three porcine hemoplasmas (PH) have been identified, namely Mycoplasma suis, Mycoplasma parvum, and Mycoplasma haemosuis. The first one is the main agent associated with porcine hemoplasmosis, a possible cause of economic losses in pig production. Thus, this work aimed to detect and quantify PH 16S rRNA in finishing pigs and to associate its load estimate with average daily weight gain (ADWG). For this purpose, whole blood samples from 318 pigs were collected at an age of 75 days (d0) when the pigs entered the finishing phase and 105 days later (d105). To calculate ADWG, the animals were weighed at the abovementioned dates. Then, DNA from blood samples were submitted to a qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene for PH. Spearman correlation test was performed to investigate potential associations between ADWG and the quantification values. Lastly, the molecular characterization of PH was done by sequencing the 23S rDNA gene. Results Out of the 318 samples, 190 (59.74%) were positive on d0, and 304 (95.6%) were positive on d105. A significant correlation was observed (p < 0.05), albeit with a low coefficient value (0.18), when comparing ADWG with quantification values on d105. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 23S rDNA gene showed that four sequences were closely related to M. parvum, and one sequence was positioned in the M. suis cluster. Conclusion Two PH, M. suis and M. parvum, were detected in a Brazilian pig farm. Moreover, increasing occurrence through time was observed, which may have affected the productive performance of positive animals, mainly at the end of the finishing phase, when antimicrobials are removed.

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An emended description of Stemphylium amaranthi with its first record for Iran mycobiota

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.371.2.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 371 (2) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

ALIREZA POURSAFAR ◽

YOUBERT GHOSTA ◽

MOHAMMAD JAVAN-NIKKHAH

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

First Record ◽

Its Rdna ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Sexual Morph ◽

Species Circumscription ◽

New Information ◽

Emended Description ◽

First Time

Stemphylium amaranthi was originally described from the leaves of Amaranthus retroflexous in China based only on asexual morphological characteristics. New collections of S. amaranthi from wheat and barley plants with symptoms of black (sooty) head mould in Golestan and Qazvin Provinces, Iran, revealed abundant formation of a sexual morph. The morphological identification was confirmed by sequences obtained from ITS-rDNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genomic loci. New information on the sexual morph of S. amaranthi is provided and the species circumscription is emended. Wheat and barley are reported as new substrates for S. amaranthi, and this species is recorded for the first time in Iran.

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