scholarly journals Occurrence of Potato Cyst Nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, on Potato in the Saint-Amable Region, Quebec, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 908-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sun ◽  
S. Miller ◽  
S. Wood ◽  
M.-J. Côté
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Cyst Nematodes

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum) is one of the most important food crops in Canada. Potato cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 and Globodera pallida (Stone, 1973) Behrens, 1975, are considered the most economically important nematode pests of potatoes worldwide and are the subject of strict quarantine regulations in many countries including Canada. In Canada, G. rostochiensis was found in the Saanich Peninsula of Vancouver Island, British Columbia and both G. rostochiensis and G. pallida are present on the island of Newfoundland (3). During August of 2006, soil and roots of potato plants collected from a 19.2-ha field in the Saint-Amable region, Quebec, were submitted to the Nematology Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa. Golden, spherical-shaped cysts were found associated with the roots and were also extracted from the soil. The nematodes recovered were identified by morphological and morphometric analysis and DNA analysis. Measurements and morphological observation of 60 second-stage juveniles were as follows: body length = 427.4 ± 22.0 (395 to 495) μm; stylet length = 21.3 ± 1.2 (18 to 23) μm; distance from stylet base to dorsal esophageal gland opening = 5.5 ± 0.9 (3.5 to 7.0) μm; tail length = 46.7 ± 3.7 (36 to 58) μm; hyaline tail terminus = 21.1 ± 3.1 (13 to 27) μm; and the shape of stylet basal knobs varied from rounded to lateral flattened. Observations for 35 mature cysts were: number of cuticular ridges between anus and vulval fenestra = 21 ± 6 (12 to 31); fenestral length = 18.4 ± 3.6 (11 to 30) μm; distance from anus to the edge of fenestra = 81.1 ± 30.4 (29 to 165) μm; Granek's ratio = 4.4 ± 1.6 (1.8 to 6.0), with parallel wavy cuticular ridges between anus and vulval fenestra. These observations conformed to the published description of G. rostochiensis (2). Additionally, the identification was supported by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern of the ITS-1 region amplified using primers 18S (5′-TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3′) and rDNA1.58S (5′-ACGAGCCGAGTGATCCACCG-3′) and digested with BstU I and a PCR product specific for G. rostochiensis (1). Sequence of a 1,190-bp PCR fragment of ribosomal DNA amplified using primers rDNA1 (5′-TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3′) and rDNA2 (5′- TTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAAGG-3′) showed 99.0 to 100% identity with published DNA sequences of the same genomic region for G. rostochiensis (4). The sequence is available from the authors upon request. The origin of the introduction of G. rostochiensis into Saint-Amable is unknown. An intensive soil survey is underway to define the infested area, and strict quarantine measures have been taken to prevent further spread of G. rostochiensis. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the occurrence of G. rostochiensis in Quebec, Canada. References: (1) A. Fullaondo et al. Nematology 1:157, 1999. (2) A. M. Golden et al. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 39:64, 1972. (3) A. R. Stone et al. Plant Dis. Rep. 61:590, 1977. (4) S. A. Subbotin et al. Nematology 2:591, 2000.

scholarly journals Variability of D2/D3 segment sequences of several populations and pathotypes of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida)

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Douda ◽  
M. Zouhar ◽  
E. Nováková ◽  
J. Mazáková ◽  
P. Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Routine Diagnostics ◽  
Pair Comparisons ◽  
Single Fragment ◽  
Direct Management

Potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida) remain a key pest in the main potato growing regions of the Czech Republic. Due to difficult direct management and presence of diverse pathotypes attacking different potato cultivars the rapid and reliable diagnostics is of crucial importance. Currently, efforts are aimed at a description of different pathotypes based on DNA analysis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the homogeneity of sequences of D2/D3 segments of the 28S rDNA gene obtained from 3 populations of G. rostochiensis and 5 populations of G. pallida and estimate their value for diagnostic purposes. PCR amplification yielded a single fragment of the length of 700 bp approximately in all populations. The alignment score of the vast majority of all pair comparisons of G. rostochiensis and G. pallida populations varied from 98 to 99. In total 14 point deletions and 3 substitutions were observed. The variability of D2/D3 segments of potato cyst nematodes is rather low and this DNA region can be used for diagnostics on a species level because more differences were found after comparing with G. tabacum and G. millefolii sequences obtained from Gene Bank; however the applicability of D2/D3 sequences to routine diagnostics of potato cyst nematodes could be complicated by its similarity to corresponding sequences of the nematode G. artemisiae.

scholarly journals Study of European and Czech populations of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) by RAPD method

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sedlák ◽  
M. Melounová ◽  
S. Skupinová ◽  
P. Vejl ◽  
J. Domkářová
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity ◽  
Solanaceous Plants ◽  
Molecular Genetic Identification

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are the big problem in worldwide planting of potatoes and another Solanaceous plants. Identification of individual pathotypes according to international scheme is very demanding but a very important part of the phytosanitary process to control these pests. Molecular genetic identification of different plant and animal species or individuals is a very interesting way at the present time and let’s hope that it will be important in future. This report presents results of the RAPD study of nine different real PCN populations. There were five Globodera rostochiensis populations and four G. pallida populations. Pathotypes Ro2, Ro2/3, Ro4, Ro5, Pa2 and Pa3 were from European populations; population Ro1 and X were of Czech provenance. Genetics variable of these populations was described by a set of six decameric primers (OPA 07, OPG 03, OPG 05, OPG 08, OPG 10 and OPG 13). Genetic dissimilarity was by Gel Manager for Windows evaluated. Detectable differences behind all populations were found and the dendrogram was compiled. The unknown population X was sorted into group of Globodera pallida species subgroup of Pa2 consequently.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics and distribution of Globodera species in Slovenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 354-357
Author(s):  
G. Urek ◽  
S. Širca ◽  
V. Meglič
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Austrian Border ◽  
Central Slovenia

Surveillance on cyst nematodes in Slovenia started already in 1963. We have found Globodera rostochiensis for the first time in 1971 and for the second time in 1975 (two cysts). In 1999 cysts of yellow potato cyst nematode were found again. A small hot spot was detected along the Slovene Austrian border. Cysts of Globodera rostochiensis were extracted from samples taken in 1.6 hectare field. In 2001 we surveyed 194 fields with the surface of 468.29 ha. We discovered another hot spot of Globodera rostochiensis in the Central Slovenia. Cysts of Globodera achilleae are seldom discovered in Slovenia. During the period between 1980 and 2000 we extracted altogether 206 cysts. In 2001 we found three fields where we extracted at first seven cysts. With more detailed survey we extracted another 30 cysts. In a few soil samples taken from the imported potatoes from Italy we have intercepted cysts of Globodera pallida. For that reason shipments were returned. In a similar way in 2002 shipments from Croatia were returned because of G. rostochiensis presence. Specimens of Globodera rostochiensis and G. achilleae species found in Slovenia were morphometricaly handeled.

The effects of α-solanine and zinc sulphate on the behaviour of potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1105-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincas Būda ◽  
Rasa Čepulytė-Rakauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Testing Period

Two behavioural assays were carried out: one on the attraction of potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, to solanaceae-specific secondary metabolite α-solanine, the other on the effect of ZnSO4 (a compound known to suppress chemoreceptors). The first assay demonstrated that α-solanine was attractive to second-stage juveniles (J2) of PCN; G. pallida was attracted to concentrations of 10−4 M and 10−5 M, whereas G. rostochiensis was attracted to 10−5 M. Globodera pallida reacted faster than G. rostochiensis to the same concentration of α-solanine. As α-solanine is produced by host plants of PCN, this compound is attributed to kairomones. The response to α-solanine of nematodes pre-exposed to a 3 mM ZnSO4 solution was significantly suppressed compared to that of water control. The effect was observed throughout the whole testing period (30 min). This is the first evidence that both α-solanine and ZnSO4 can affect the behaviour of hatched J2 of PCN.

scholarly journals The Golden Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera rostochiensis Pathotype Ro1 in the Saint-Amable Regulated Area in Quebec, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1510-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mahran ◽  
S. Turner ◽  
T. Martin ◽  
Q. Yu ◽  
S. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Randomized Design

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behren, is an economically important parasite of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum) and is recognized as a quarantine pest internationally (2). This pest attacks potato plants and causes stunting of the haulm and the root system, leaf yellowing, and tuber yield losses (2). The pathotype scheme proposed by Kort et al. distinguishes five pathotypes (Ro1, Ro2, Ro3, Ro4, and Ro5) of G. rostochiensis using differential Solanum clones (1). Several resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) that have been identified in wild Solanum species confer resistance to different G. rostochiensis pathotypes and have been introgressed into commercial potato cultivars (2). Determining G. rostochiensis pathotype(s) is essential to implement efficient management strategies, which include using resistant potato varieties. G. rostochiensis was discovered in the municipality of Saint-Amable, Quebec (QC), Canada in 2006 (3) and was subsequently characterized (4). In this study, cysts were collected from 11 representative infested fields and confirmed to be G. rostochiensis (3). The pathotypes of these nematodes were assessed on seven differential clones (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum cv. Desiree, S. tuberosum × S. andigena cv. Maris Piper, S. kurtzianum hybrid 60.21.19, S. vernei hybrid 62.33.3, S. vernei hybrid 58.1642/4, S. vernei hybrid 65.346/19, and S. multidissectum hybrid P55/7) in 2007 and 2009. Briefly, in each 1-liter plastic pot containing 907 g (2 lbs) of soil (3:1 loam/grit v v-1), a single differential Solanum clone was planted and 15 cysts from 1 of 11 fields were inoculated. Five replicates were set up for each Solanum-nematode combination and the pots were arranged in a completely randomized design in a greenhouse at 22°C with a 16-h light period per day. Nine weeks after inoculation, cysts were extracted from each pot and counted. Reproduction factor (Rf) for each replicate was calculated (Rf = Pf/Pi; Pf is the final cyst number and Pi is the initial cyst number added to each pot). Rf values were used to categorize the differential clones into two groups, “susceptible” leading to increase in nematode numbers (Rf > 1) and “resistant” resulting in decrease in nematode numbers (Rf ≤ 1) (1). Our results in 2007 and 2009 were consistent and the pathotype of the nematodes collected from all the fields were identified as Ro1. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the pathotype of G. rostochiensis in the Saint-Amable regulated area was identified. Accordingly, potato cultivars carrying genes or QTL resistant to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 can be used to reduce the nematode numbers in infested fields in the Saint-Amable area, QC. References: (1) J. Kort et al. Nematologica 23:333, 1977. (2) R. J. Marks and B. B. Brodie. Potato Cyst Nematodes: Biology, Distribution, and Control. 1st ed. CAB International, Wallingford, 1998. (3) F. Sun et al. Plant Dis. 91:908, 2007. (4) Q. Yu et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 32:264, 2010.

Single juveniles of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida differentiated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roosien ◽  
P. M. Van Zandvoort ◽  
R. T. Folkertsma ◽  
J. N. A. M. Rouppe Van Der Voort ◽  
A. Goverse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Basis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific

SUMMARYRandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) offers a potential basis for the development of a diagnostic assay to differentiate the potato cyst nematode species Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida. Nine decamer primers have been tested for their ability to amplify species-specific DNA sequences. Primer OPG-05 produced 2 discrete DNA fragments, which were consistently present in 5 G. rostochiensis populations and absent in 5 G. pallida populations. These fragments were detectable in single females as well as in single 2nd-stage juveniles. Their amplification is extremely efficient, and reproducible over a wide range of template concentrations. One-fifth of a single juvenile is sufficient to generate reproducible RAPD markers. The amplification from single juveniles requires no DNA isolation. The use of a crude homogenate does not impair the polymerase chain reaction.

Effect of tuber-borne micro-organisms on hatching activity of potato root leachate towards potato cyst nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aileen Ryan ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Micro Organisms

AbstractPotato cyst nematodes hatch in response to hatching factors (HF) present in potato root leachate (PRL). The much higher spontaneous hatch (hatch in the absence of potato plants or PRL) of both Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida in sand (32.2 and 21.1%, respectively) compared to in vitro (6.0 and 4.8%) experiments suggested the presence of other hatching factor-producing organisms in the non-sterile sand. When sterile PRL (from aseptically cultured microplants) and non-sterile PRL (from aseptically cultured microplants grown in the presence of tuber washings) samples were collected and assayed for hatching activity, the in vitro hatch of both PCN species but particularly of G. pallida was greater in non-sterile PRL. When these samples were fractionated on Sephadex G-10 by low pressure liquid chromatography and the fractions tested for hatching activity, the non-sterile PRL produced more hatching factors (HF) than the sterile PRL; in the fractionated sterile PRL only one significant HF (active towards G. pallida) was observed, compared to six (towards G. pallida) and three (towards G. rostochiensis) HF from the non-sterile PRL, with two HF being active towards both species. The non-sterile PRL appeared to produce more hatching factor stimulants (HS) and fewer hatch inhibitors (HI) than the sterile PRL. These results suggest that soil micro-organisms play an important role in the production of hatching chemicals and it is proposed that the differences in HF profiles between sterile and non-sterile PRL were due, at least in part, to increased HS production in the non-sterile PRL.

Enzyme variation in pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Fox ◽  
H. J. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Enzyme Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Variants

SUMMARYA total of 65 enzymes in the 8 European pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis were examined by isoelectric focusing (IEF) for possible polymorphic variants which may aid rapid pathotype recognition. Quantitative variation was seen with glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4), with high levels of this enzyme present in G. rostochiensis Ro3. Mannose phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.8) also varied between the pathotypes with G. rostochiensis Ro4 and Ro5 differing from the other pathotypes in the relative absorbance of some bands. Phosphoglucomutase was examined on a narrow-range pH gel and additional differences to those described previously were detected.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR METHODS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF GLOBODERA ROSTOCHIENSIS AND GLOBODERA PALLIDA POPULATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Anna Podlewska-Przetakiewicz ◽  
Dorota Milczarek
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Selection Of

The cyst nematodes belonging to the genus Globodera are big worldwide problem in countries were Sola-naceaous plants growing. Knowledge of species-composition in populations of Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida is very important for selection of appropriate measure of nematode regulations occurrence. Inter- and intraspecific variability among species of Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida were studied intensively with the use of molecular analyses of DNA methods. This review summarize and compare of methods chosen to distinguishing between Globodera, both pathotypes and species.

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