Morphological characteristics and distribution of Globodera species in Slovenia

Surveillance on cyst nematodes in Slovenia started already in 1963. We have found Globodera rostochiensis for the first time in 1971 and for the second time in 1975 (two cysts). In 1999 cysts of yellow potato cyst nematode were found again. A small hot spot was detected along the Slovene Austrian border. Cysts of Globodera rostochiensis were extracted from samples taken in 1.6 hectare field. In 2001 we surveyed 194 fields with the surface of 468.29 ha. We discovered another hot spot of Globodera rostochiensis in the Central Slovenia. Cysts of Globodera achilleae are seldom discovered in Slovenia. During the period between 1980 and 2000 we extracted altogether 206 cysts. In 2001 we found three fields where we extracted at first seven cysts. With more detailed survey we extracted another 30 cysts. In a few soil samples taken from the imported potatoes from Italy we have intercepted cysts of Globodera pallida. For that reason shipments were returned. In a similar way in 2002 shipments from Croatia were returned because of G. rostochiensis presence. Specimens of Globodera rostochiensis and G. achilleae species found in Slovenia were morphometricaly handeled.

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First Report of the Pale Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-13-0739-pdn ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 575-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Nježić ◽

B. Gerič Stare ◽

S. Širca ◽

N. Grujić

Keyword(s):

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Potato Production ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Seed Potatoes ◽

Infested Field

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), the golden cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Bahrens, and the pale potato cyst nematode G. pallida (Stone) stand out by their remarkable and efficient parasitic adaptations causing high economic losses in potato production worldwide. They are A2 quarantine pests in EPPO countries as well as in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Up to now, only G. rostochiensis was reported from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2011 (1). A systematic survey on the presence of PCN on entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina started in 2011. During the PCN survey, each year 120 soil samples of 1.5 liters were collected in the Republic of Srpska, one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The samples were collected by soil auger 10 cm in length with a diameter of 1.5 cm consisting of 100 cores. Entire samples were processed by Seinhorst elutriator (4). In autumn of 2012, PCN viable cysts were found in two soil samples originating from one field. From one sample, 12 cysts were extracted, and 2 from another sample. The morphology of cysts and second stage juveniles and molecular analysis established the identity of this species as pale cyst nematode G. pallida (3). In addition, the sequencing of the ribosomal DNA region revealed unequivocal similarity to G. pallida (GenBank Accession No. HF968449), while PCR-RFLP analysis (2) showed European type of G. pallida. The infested field is located in Rogatica, 70 km east of Sarajevo, which is one of the main seed and potato production areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The field history revealed that farm-propagated, farm-saved seed potatoes could spread the nematodes to other fields as well. Therefore, 26 additional samples were taken from the fields that belong to the infested field owner and the surrounding fields, but no cysts were found in additional samples. To determine infestation focus and its size, the infested field (1.1 ha) was divided into 46 plots (25 × 10 m) and resampled by taking samples of 60 cores per plot. The detailed sampling of the field revealed a high infestation of 1 cyst per gram of soil in the infestation focus. The high infestation level and the propagation of farm-own seed potatoes suggest that the introduction of G. pallida might have occurred several years ago, probably with imported seed potatoes. The infested field was subjected to the phytosanitary measure of banning potato production for a period of 6 years with the possibility of its prolongation, if cysts with live content are found afterward. It is expected that the nematode is present in other fields due to the farmer's practices of propagating farm-saved seed potatoes and deficient field machinery hygiene. Therefore, the whole area will be intensively monitored for the presence of PCN in the future. An adequate pest management plan will be prepared after PCN pathotype identification. To our knowledge, only one field was found infested with G. pallida during the 3-year PCN survey in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Strict phytosanitary measures for preventing further PCN introductions and spreading should be intensified. References: (1) I. Ostojić et al. Plant Dis. 95:883, 2011. (2) S. Širca et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 49:361, 2010. (3) A. M. Skantar et al. J. Nematol. 39:133, 2007. (4) J. van Bezooijen. Methods and Techniques for Nematology, Wageningen University, 2006.

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First Report of the Golden Potato Cyst Nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-11-0140 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 95 (7) ◽

pp. 883-883

Author(s):

I. Ostojić ◽

D. Grubišić ◽

M. Zovko ◽

T. Miličević ◽

T. Gotlin Čuljak

Keyword(s):

Soil Sample ◽

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Globodera Rostochiensis ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Ware Potato ◽

Quarantine Species

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behrens, 1975, is the most problematic pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum) worldwide and it is recognized as an A1 plant health quarantine species. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there have been no surveys for the presence of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) in ware potato lands, although they have been documented in the nearby countries of Serbia and Croatia (3). To determine the presence and distribution of PCN and to prevent further spread or increase of PCN populations, a survey in ware potato land was undertaken in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Soil samples consisting of 100 cores of 4 to 5 ml of soil were taken in a grid pattern throughout the plots. Samples of approximately 500 g were processed in the laboratory. The samples were air dried and cysts were extracted using a Spears's flotation method (4) from a 100-ml subsample. Species identification was based on morphometrical characters (2) and real-time PCR where the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS5, PITSr3) region was amplified and detected by the Sequence Dection Software v1.3 (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA) (1). In 2008, soil sampling was conducted in five locations and PCN were not detected in any of 10 soil samples taken. In June 2009, 17 soil samples were collected from seven locations. Two viable cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected in one soil sample from Tihaljina (Zaside; E 6447659.560, N 4797392.101, altitude 130 m). A total of 110 soil samples were collected from 90 locations in May and June 2010. Five viable cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected in one soil sample taken from Čapljina (Opličići – Turajlovina; E 6485169, N 4775964, altitude 222 m). On the basis of the survey results, G. rostochiensis is not widely spread but the cysts are detectable, indicating that the infestation is relatively recent and that there is a threat of further spread of this quarantine species. Consequently, producers need to grow resistant potato cultivars and implement additional control measures to keep the nematode populations below damaging levels. References: (1) J. Bacic et al. Russ. J. Nematol. 16:1, 61, 2008. (2) C. C. Fleming and T. O. Powers. Potato Cyst Nematodes: Biology, Distribution and Control. R. J. Marks and B. B. Brodie, eds.CAB International, Wallingford, 1998. (3) D. Grubišic et al. J. Pest Sci. 80:21, 2007. (4) J. F. Spears. Agr. Handb. No. 353. U.S. Dep. Agric., 1968.

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Potato Cyst Nematode in East Java: Newly Infected Areas and Identification

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ◽

10.22146/jpti.25498 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Happy Cahya Nugrahana ◽

Siwi Indarti ◽

Edhi Martono

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Globodera Rostochiensis ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

Plant Parasitic

Potato Cyst Nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis has noted to be a devastated pest on potato in Indonesia. It is listed as the A2 pest by Plant Quarantine of Republik Indonesia, and it was also being a highly concerned plant parasitic nematode species worlwide. Therefore, both intensive and extensive surveys should be done to monitor the spread of PCN, especially in East Java as one of the centre of potato plantations in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to study the distribution of PCN in four potato plantations in East Java, i.e. Batu, Magetan, Probolinggo, and Pasuruan which were located between 1,205 to 2,063 m above the sea level. Extraction and isolation of cysts from soil samples was done using Baunacke method, and it was followed by identification of the nematodes using morphological and molecular approaches according to Baldwin and Mundo-Ocampo. The results showed that PCN was found on all sampling sites, i.e. Batu (Sumber Brantas, Jurang Kuali, Tunggangan, Junggo, Brakseng); Magetan (Dadi, Sarangan, Singolangu); Probolinggo (Tukul, Pandansari, Ledokombo, Sumberanom, Wonokerto, Ngadas), Pasuruan (Wonokerto, Tosari, Ledoksari, Ngadiwono). Magetan and Pasuruan were noted as new infested areas in East Java. Both morphological and molecular methods showed that the species found on all sites was Globodera rostochiensis. IntisariNematoda Sista Kentang (NSK), Globodera rostochiensis telah tercatat sebagai hama yang menghancurkan tanaman kentang di Indonesia. NSK terdaftar sebagai Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina golongan A2 oleh Badan Karantina Pertanian Republik Indonesia, dan juga merupakan spesies nematoda parasit tanaman yang sangat merugikan di seluruh dunia. Oleh karena itu, baik survei intensif maupun ekstensif harus dilakukan untuk memantau penyebaran NSK, terutama di Jawa Timur sebagai salah satu sentra tanaman kentang di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari distribusi NSK pada empat daerah sentra penanaman kentang di Jawa Timur, yaitu Batu, Magetan, Probolinggo, dan Pasuruan yang terletak antara 1.205 sampai 2.063 m di atas permukaan laut. Ekstraksi dan isolasi sista NSK dari sampel tanah dilakukan dengan metode Baunacke, dan dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler menurut Baldwin dan Mundo-Ocampo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa NSK ditemukan di semua lokasi pengambilan sampel, yaitu Batu (Sumber Brantas, Jurang Kuali, Tunggangan, Junggo, Brakseng); Magetan (Dadi, Sarangan, Singolangu); Probolinggo (Tukul, Pandansari, Ledokombo, Sumberanom, Wonokerto, Ngadas), Pasuruan (Wonokerto, Tosari, Ledoksari, Ngadiwono). Magetan dan Pasuruan tercatat sebagai daerah sebaran baru di Jawa Timur. Hasil identifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler menunjukkan bahwa spesies yang ditemukan di semua lokasi adalah Globodera rostochiensis.

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Study of European and Czech populations of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) by RAPD method

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/3683-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 70-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P. Sedlák ◽

M. Melounová ◽

S. Skupinová ◽

P. Vejl ◽

J. Domkářová

Keyword(s):

Animal Species ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Globodera Rostochiensis ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Genetic Identification ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Genetic Dissimilarity ◽

Solanaceous Plants ◽

Molecular Genetic Identification

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are the big problem in worldwide planting of potatoes and another Solanaceous plants. Identification of individual pathotypes according to international scheme is very demanding but a very important part of the phytosanitary process to control these pests. Molecular genetic identification of different plant and animal species or individuals is a very interesting way at the present time and let’s hope that it will be important in future. This report presents results of the RAPD study of nine different real PCN populations. There were five Globodera rostochiensis populations and four G. pallida populations. Pathotypes Ro2, Ro2/3, Ro4, Ro5, Pa2 and Pa3 were from European populations; population Ro1 and X were of Czech provenance. Genetics variable of these populations was described by a set of six decameric primers (OPA 07, OPG 03, OPG 05, OPG 08, OPG 10 and OPG 13). Genetic dissimilarity was by Gel Manager for Windows evaluated. Detectable differences behind all populations were found and the dendrogram was compiled. The unknown population X was sorted into group of Globodera pallida species subgroup of Pa2 consequently.

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Variability of D2/D3 segment sequences of several populations and pathotypes of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida)

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/1/2010-pps ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 171-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

O. Douda ◽

M. Zouhar ◽

E. Nováková ◽

J. Mazáková ◽

P. Ryšánek

Keyword(s):

Dna Analysis ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Globodera Rostochiensis ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Routine Diagnostics ◽

Pair Comparisons ◽

Single Fragment ◽

Direct Management

Potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida) remain a key pest in the main potato growing regions of the Czech Republic. Due to difficult direct management and presence of diverse pathotypes attacking different potato cultivars the rapid and reliable diagnostics is of crucial importance. Currently, efforts are aimed at a description of different pathotypes based on DNA analysis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the homogeneity of sequences of D2/D3 segments of the 28S rDNA gene obtained from 3 populations of G. rostochiensis and 5 populations of G. pallida and estimate their value for diagnostic purposes. PCR amplification yielded a single fragment of the length of 700 bp approximately in all populations. The alignment score of the vast majority of all pair comparisons of G. rostochiensis and G. pallida populations varied from 98 to 99. In total 14 point deletions and 3 substitutions were observed. The variability of D2/D3 segments of potato cyst nematodes is rather low and this DNA region can be used for diagnostics on a species level because more differences were found after comparing with G. tabacum and G. millefolii sequences obtained from Gene Bank; however the applicability of D2/D3 sequences to routine diagnostics of potato cyst nematodes could be complicated by its similarity to corresponding sequences of the nematode G. artemisiae.

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Morphological and molecular characterisation of Heterodera koreana (Vovlas, Lamberti & Choo, 1992) Mundo-Ocampo, Troccoli, Subbotin, Del Cid, Baldwin & Inserra, 2008 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from bamboo in Japan

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003052 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 333-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shigeyuki Sekimoto ◽

Taketo Uehara ◽

Takayuki Mizukubo

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Original Description ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

Phyllostachys Edulis ◽

Relationship Of ◽

First Time

The Korean cyst nematode, Heterodera koreana, was recorded for the first time from Japan and characterised morphologically, morphometrically and molecularly. In total, 41 populations were detected from soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of four bamboo species in Japan: 31 populations from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), seven from madake (P. bambusoides), two from henon bamboo (P. nigra var. henonis) and one from fish pole bamboo (P. aurea). The morphology and morphometrics of the Japanese population were in agreement with those of the original description of H. koreana from South Korea and other subsequent descriptions from China and Iran, with the exception of some minor differences. The results of the phylogenetic analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene and ITS rRNA gene sequences confirmed the species identification and phylogenetic relationship of H. koreana with other Heterodera species. The COI mtDNA gene sequences were obtained for the first time for H. koreana. Three COI haplotypes found in Japanese H. koreana populations showed a characteristic geographical distribution in Japan.

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The effect of mycorrhization of potato roots on the hatching chemicals active towards the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis

Nematology ◽

10.1163/1568541042360456 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 335-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Aileen Ryan ◽

Peter Jones

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Potato Root ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Mycorrhizal Plants ◽

Species Specific

AbstractComparison of potato root leachates (PRL) collected from the roots of mycorrhizal (using the mixed-isolate inoculum, Vaminoc) and non-mycorrhizal potato cv. Golden Wonder confirmed that mycorrhization caused a significant increase in hatching activity towards Globodera pallida but not G. rostochiensis. After fractionating the leachates by low pressure molecular exclusion/anion exchange liquid chromatography, several potato cyst nematode (PCN) species-specific hatching factors (HF) were found only in PRL from mycorrhizal plants. Leachate from mycorrhizal plants also contained more of several of those HF common to PRL from both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Significantly more hatching factor stimulants (HS) active towards both PCN species were found in the PRL from mycorrhizal than from non-mycorrhizal plants; several HS were specific to mycorrhizal plants. No differences (quantitative or qualitative) were observed in hatching inhibitor (HI) levels between PRL from mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhization of potato plants resulted in a 20% increase in carbon but a 48% decrease in nitrogen concentrations of the PRL compared to that from the non-mycorrhizal plants.

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The effects of α-solanine and zinc sulphate on the behaviour of potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00002927 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 1105-1111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vincas Būda ◽

Rasa Čepulytė-Rakauskienė

Keyword(s):

Host Plants ◽

Zinc Sulphate ◽

Globodera Rostochiensis ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

The Other ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Water Control ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Second Stage ◽

Testing Period

Two behavioural assays were carried out: one on the attraction of potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, to solanaceae-specific secondary metabolite α-solanine, the other on the effect of ZnSO4 (a compound known to suppress chemoreceptors). The first assay demonstrated that α-solanine was attractive to second-stage juveniles (J2) of PCN; G. pallida was attracted to concentrations of 10−4 M and 10−5 M, whereas G. rostochiensis was attracted to 10−5 M. Globodera pallida reacted faster than G. rostochiensis to the same concentration of α-solanine. As α-solanine is produced by host plants of PCN, this compound is attributed to kairomones. The response to α-solanine of nematodes pre-exposed to a 3 mM ZnSO4 solution was significantly suppressed compared to that of water control. The effect was observed throughout the whole testing period (30 min). This is the first evidence that both α-solanine and ZnSO4 can affect the behaviour of hatched J2 of PCN.

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Molecular and morphological characterization of Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 from Egypt

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb13411083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 11083

Author(s):

Sanaa A. HAROON ◽

Zafar HANDOO ◽

Mihail KANTOR ◽

Andrea SKANTAR ◽

Maria HULT

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Globodera Rostochiensis ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Zigzag Pattern

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich (1959) is a damaging soilborne quarantine pest of Solanum tuberosum (potato) and other solanaceous crops worldwide. In spring of 2021 a survey was conducted in area of Abo El Matamer, Bahera governorates in Egypt. Soil samples were taken in zigzag pattern throughout 65 acres of potato cultivated land and processed in Nematology lab, Fayoum University, Egypt. In June 2021, two hundred soil samples were collected from nearby areas to evaluate the distribution of this potato cyst nematode in other cultivated land located in area of first infection but fortunately the golden potato cyst nematode was not detected from neighboring locations. The nematode species was identified by both morphological and molecular means as Globodera rostochiensis. To our knowledge this is the first molecular and morphological characterization of G. rostochiensis from Egypt.

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The Golden Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera rostochiensis Pathotype Ro1 in the Saint-Amable Regulated Area in Quebec, Canada

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-10-0584 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (12) ◽

pp. 1510-1510 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. Mahran ◽

S. Turner ◽

T. Martin ◽

Q. Yu ◽

S. Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Solanum Species ◽

Globodera Rostochiensis ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Wild Solanum Species ◽

Randomized Design

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behren, is an economically important parasite of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum) and is recognized as a quarantine pest internationally (2). This pest attacks potato plants and causes stunting of the haulm and the root system, leaf yellowing, and tuber yield losses (2). The pathotype scheme proposed by Kort et al. distinguishes five pathotypes (Ro1, Ro2, Ro3, Ro4, and Ro5) of G. rostochiensis using differential Solanum clones (1). Several resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) that have been identified in wild Solanum species confer resistance to different G. rostochiensis pathotypes and have been introgressed into commercial potato cultivars (2). Determining G. rostochiensis pathotype(s) is essential to implement efficient management strategies, which include using resistant potato varieties. G. rostochiensis was discovered in the municipality of Saint-Amable, Quebec (QC), Canada in 2006 (3) and was subsequently characterized (4). In this study, cysts were collected from 11 representative infested fields and confirmed to be G. rostochiensis (3). The pathotypes of these nematodes were assessed on seven differential clones (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum cv. Desiree, S. tuberosum × S. andigena cv. Maris Piper, S. kurtzianum hybrid 60.21.19, S. vernei hybrid 62.33.3, S. vernei hybrid 58.1642/4, S. vernei hybrid 65.346/19, and S. multidissectum hybrid P55/7) in 2007 and 2009. Briefly, in each 1-liter plastic pot containing 907 g (2 lbs) of soil (3:1 loam/grit v v-1), a single differential Solanum clone was planted and 15 cysts from 1 of 11 fields were inoculated. Five replicates were set up for each Solanum-nematode combination and the pots were arranged in a completely randomized design in a greenhouse at 22°C with a 16-h light period per day. Nine weeks after inoculation, cysts were extracted from each pot and counted. Reproduction factor (Rf) for each replicate was calculated (Rf = Pf/Pi; Pf is the final cyst number and Pi is the initial cyst number added to each pot). Rf values were used to categorize the differential clones into two groups, “susceptible” leading to increase in nematode numbers (Rf > 1) and “resistant” resulting in decrease in nematode numbers (Rf ≤ 1) (1). Our results in 2007 and 2009 were consistent and the pathotype of the nematodes collected from all the fields were identified as Ro1. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the pathotype of G. rostochiensis in the Saint-Amable regulated area was identified. Accordingly, potato cultivars carrying genes or QTL resistant to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 can be used to reduce the nematode numbers in infested fields in the Saint-Amable area, QC. References: (1) J. Kort et al. Nematologica 23:333, 1977. (2) R. J. Marks and B. B. Brodie. Potato Cyst Nematodes: Biology, Distribution, and Control. 1st ed. CAB International, Wallingford, 1998. (3) F. Sun et al. Plant Dis. 91:908, 2007. (4) Q. Yu et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 32:264, 2010.

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