Surveying for Potential Diseases and Abiotic Disorders of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-332
Author(s):  
Lindsey D. Thiessen ◽  
Tyler Schappe ◽  
Sarah Cochran ◽  
Kristin Hicks ◽  
Angela R. Post
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
North Carolina Department ◽  
The North ◽  
Consumer Services ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has recently been reintroduced as an agricultural commodity in the United States, and, through state-led pilot programs, growers and researchers have been investigating production strategies. Diseases and disorders of industrial hemp in the United States are largely unknowns because record-keeping and taxonomy have improved dramatically in the last several decades. In 2016, North Carolina launched a pilot program to investigate industrial hemp, and diseases and abiotic disorders were surveyed in 2017 and 2018. Producers, consultants, and agricultural extension agents submitted samples to the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Agronomic Services Division (n = 572) and the North Carolina Plant Disease and Insect Clinic (n = 117). Common field diseases found included Fusarium foliar and flower blights (Fusarium graminearum), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), and Helminthosporium leaf spot (Exserohilum rostratum). Greenhouse diseases were primarily caused by Pythium spp. and Botrytis cinerea. Common environmental disorders were attributed to excessive rainfall flooding roots and poor root development of transplanted clones.

scholarly journals Industrial Hemp Knowledge and Interest among North Carolina Organic Farmers in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Dingha ◽  
Leah Sandler ◽  
Arnab Bhowmik ◽  
Clement Akotsen-Mensah ◽  
Louis Jackai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa), has been proposed as a new crop that might be of interest to organic farmers in the North Carolina and other states in the United States. However, little is known about how organic farmers view this crop. We conducted a survey among North Carolina certified organic growers to ascertain their knowledge of, and willingness to adopt, industrial hemp. Contact information was obtained from a database of certified organic farmers in North Carolina and the growers were contacted by email and directed to complete an online questionnaire. Growers were asked a wide range of questions about farm characteristics, technology adoption, interest toward industrial hemp, and policy issues regarding hemp adoption. A total of 245 farmers were contacted; 64 started the survey and 35 responded to all questions. Our results indicate that 85% of North Carolina organic growers are interested in growing hemp on their farms and the majority wanted to learn more about the crop production practices, adapted cultivars, and legality of growing it. Seventy-five percent expressed interest in being certified growers while 52% wanted to grow industrial hemp primarily for cannabidiol (CBD) oil. Most (65%) respondents indicate they aspired to be among the first farmers in their area to grow and sell hemp. Growers who have tried new crops or new farming technology in the last three years were more likely to adopt industrial hemp production. These findings will help decision-makers understand the critical concerns of growers who are willing to adopt industrial hemp as an alternative income-generating enterprise.

Distribution of Meloidogyne enterolobii in Eastern North Carolina and Comparison of Four Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanner Schwarz ◽  
Chunying Li ◽  
Weimin Ye ◽  
Eric Davis
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
North Carolina Department ◽  
The North ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Consumer Services ◽  
Eastern Half

The guava root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne enterolobii, is a particularly aggressive pathogen with limited known distribution in the United States. In 2011, M. enterolobii was identified on field crops in North Carolina for the first time. In collaboration with the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Nematode Assay Laboratory, RKN-positive samples from the eastern half of North Carolina submitted to the laboratory were analyzed for Meloidogyne species identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of individual nematodes. PCR primers specific for Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria, M. hapla, and M. enterolobii were used to analyze DNA from 203 RKN-positive samples representing a variety of field and vegetable crops grown in counties in the eastern half of North Carolina. M. incognita was the predominant species identified (32% of samples), and M. enterolobii was identified in 6% of samples including ones from sweetpotato, tobacco, and soybean crops. New detections of M. enterolobii were found in Nash, Greene, Sampson, and Harnett counties in addition to the previously identified locations in Johnston, Wayne, Columbus, and Wilson counties. Four isolates of M. enterolobii populations were collected from soybean and sweetpotato crops in Johnston, Greene, and Wilson counties and reared on ‘Rutgers’ tomato plants in the greenhouse. Potential differences in virulence among the four M. enterolobii populations were not detected in greenhouse infection assays on six selected resistant and susceptible sweetpotato genotypes in two independent tests.

Relating Public Opinions of Roadway Assets to Field Data with Survey and Focus Groups

2017 ◽  
Vol 2613 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Joy Davis ◽  
Chris Cunningham ◽  
Daniel Findley ◽  
Sarah Searcy ◽  
James Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Transportation Policy ◽  
North Carolina Department ◽  
The North

In recent years, transportation policy in the United States has increasingly focused on measuring and tracking performance outcomes. However, identifying how quantifiable outcomes—such as international roughness index ratings—influence less tangible outcomes—such as user satisfaction with a roadway—can be challenging. This paper outlines a method that enables researchers to compare stakeholder perceptions of assets with actual field-measured data for roadways. More than 350 residents in six locations in the state of North Carolina were surveyed about how those residents perceived and prioritized the roadway assets managed by the North Carolina Department of Transportation. Using a method termed “roadway reviews,” researchers asked participants about state-maintained roads as the participants were driven on those roads in real time; these surveys were supplemented with focus groups. In addition to identifying how well asset conditions on roadway segments aligned with the basic expectations of roadway users, researchers determined how these ratings compared with field measurements for the segments and captured how participants ranked the importance of specific roadway assets for overall condition, safety, and appearance. The findings will be used to improve asset management practice and will be integrated into the North Carolina Department of Transportation’s annual Highway Performance Monitoring System reports.

scholarly journals Yield and Disease Resistance for Three Bacterial Wilt-resistant Tomato Rootstocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H Suchoff ◽  
Frank J. Louws ◽  
Christopher C. Gunter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
North Carolina Department ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Farm

Interest and use of grafted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in the United States continues to grow. Pioneered in Asia, herbaceous grafting is a commonly used cultural practice to manage many soilborne pathogens. Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, is an aggressive soilborne pathogen that affects tomato grown in the southeastern United States. Traditional fumigation methods have limited effectiveness in the management of this pathogen. The present study was conducted to compare the bacterial wilt resistance of three commercially available tomato rootstocks, which are purported to be resistant to bacterial wilt: ‘Cheong Gang’, ‘RST-04-106-T’, and ‘Shield’. The determinate hybrid tomato ‘Red Mountain’, which is susceptible to bacterial wilt, was used as the scion and nongrafted control. Three locations were used over 2 years in North Carolina: an on-farm site with a history of bacterial wilt and two North Carolina Department of Agriculture Research Stations with no recent history of bacterial wilt. No disease symptoms were observed in any of the three grafted treatments, whereas the nongrafted controls showed between 30% and 80% disease incidence at the on-farm location. The resultant rootstock-imparted resistance improved marketable yields by between 88% and 125% compared with the nongrafted plants. When grown in locations lacking BW there were no yield benefits to grafting with any of the three rootstocks.

scholarly journals Influence of the North Atlantic Subtropical High on wet and dry sea-breeze events in North Carolina, United States

2017 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. Luchetti ◽  
Rosana Nieto Ferreira ◽  
Thomas M. Rickenbach ◽  
Mark R. Nissenbaum ◽  
Joel D. McAuliffe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subtropical High ◽  
North Atlantic Subtropical High ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

The sea-breeze (SB) is an important source of summertime precipitation in North Carolina (NC, southeast United States). However, not all SB events produce precipitation. A climatology of wet and dry SB events in NC is used to investigate the conditions that are conducive to precipitation associated with the sea breeze. Radar imagery was used to detect 88 SB events that occurred along the NC coast between May-September of 2009-2012. The majority (85%) of SB events occurred during offshore flow (53%) or during flow that was parallel to the coast (22%). SB events were separated into dry (53%) and wet (47%) events and differences in the dynamic and thermodynamic parameters of the environment in which they formed were analyzed. Significant differences in dynamic and thermodynamic conditions were found. SB dry events occurred under stronger winds (6.00 ± 2.36 ms-1) than SB wet events (4.02 ± 2.16 ms-1). Moreover, during SB wet events larger values of convective available potential energy and lower values of convective inhibition were present, conditions that favor precipitation. Overall, the SB wet events accounted for 20-30% of the May-September precipitation along the NC coastal region. The position of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) controls both moisture availability and winds along the NC coast, thus providing a synoptic-scale control mechanism for SB precipitation. In particular, it was shown that when the NASH western ridge is located along the southeast coast of the United States, it causes a moist southwesterly flow along the NC coast that may favor the occurrence of SB wet events.

scholarly journals Regulatory sampling of industrial hemp plant samples (Cannabis sativa L.) using UPLC-MS/MS method for detection and quantification of twelve cannabinoids

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C. Berthold ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Abhisheak Sharma ◽  
Shyam H. Kamble ◽  
Siva R. Kanumuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Composite Sample ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Abstract Background In 2018, the Farm Bill mandated the United States Department of Agriculture to develop regulations governing the cultivation, processing, and marketing of industrial hemp. Industrial hemp is defined as Cannabis sativa L. with a total Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-9-THC) content ≤0.3%. Therefore, for hemp to become an agricultural commodity, it is important to regulate production by developing standard methods for sampling and testing of the plant material. Methods An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analytical method for the quantification of twelve cannabinoids was developed. The method was applied to a regulatory sampling trial of three hemp varieties cultivated for cannabidiol (CBD) production. Two samples were taken from 28 plants with one sample being flower only while the other was a composite sample that included flowers, leaves, and stems. Results The assay method was validated for specificity, range, repeatability, reproducibility, and recovery in accordance with all applicable standards for analytical methods. The results of the regulatory study indicated a significant decrease in the concentration of total Δ-9-THC and total CBD of 0.09% and 1.32%, respectively, between a flower only and a composite sample. Conclusions There are many factors that may influence reported total Δ-9-THC content in industrial hemp. A robust analytical method was developed to analyze hemp samples in a trial regulatory study. The results indicate that the way hemp is sampled and analyzed may influence the legality of a crop, which could have negative economic and legal consequences.

Lung Cancer Awareness Week

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
Leslie Cooper ◽  
Catherine Glennon ◽  
Lori Laczko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oncology Nursing ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
The North

Smoking is the most preventable cause of death in our society. Tobacco use is responsible for nearly one in five deaths in the United States and the cause of premature death of approximately 2 million individuals in developed countries. Smoking accounts for at least 30% of all cancer deaths and is a major cause of heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. The North Carolina Triangle Oncology Nursing Society applied for a competitive grant through the national Oncology Nursing Society and Cancer Care, Inc., in partnership with the Wellness Community and Bristol-Myers Squibb. The grant could be used for any lung cancer issue or project. Because North Carolina is deep in the tobacco belt, it was decided to focus on the largest group of new smokers in the United States, children and teens, for the project. Over 80% of adult smokers surveyed in 1991 had begun smoking by the age of 18. The oncology nurses wanted to focus on prevention, not cessation. Therefore, grade school children were the population selected for this project. This age group is impressionable and able to understand the negative consequences of smoking. This article outlines the content of the educational intervention and evaluation of the program.

scholarly journals Commissioning Innocence and Restoring Confidence: the North Carolina Innocence Inquiry Commission and the Missing Deliberative Citizen

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kelly Tate
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Wrongful Convictions ◽  
National Crisis ◽  
The North

Since 1989, the United States has witnessed 289 DNA exonerations, with exonerees serving an average of thirteen years in prison. Although DNA and its unmatched power for conclusive results is what brought popular attention to wrongful convictions, the scope of the problem is vastly larger than the number of known DNA exonerations. The actual number of convicted individuals who are factually innocent is unknown. The state of North Carolina has recently responded to this national crisis via a newly created state agency. This essay applauds North Carolina's response, but urges that ordinary citizens, qua jurors, be active participants in its important work.

scholarly journals Geographic Expansion of Lyme Disease in the Southeastern United States, 2000–2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Lantos ◽  
Lise E. Nigrovic ◽  
Paul G. Auwaerter ◽  
Vance G. Fowler ◽  
Felicia Ruffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
New England ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
North Carolina Department ◽  
Geographic Expansion ◽  
Virginia Department

Abstract Background.  The majority of Lyme disease cases in the United States are acquired on the east coast between northern Virginia and New England. In recent years the geographic extent of Lyme disease has been expanding, raising the prospect of Lyme disease becoming endemic in the southeast. Methods.  We collected confirmed and probable cases of Lyme disease from 2000 through 2014 from the Virginia Department of Health and North Carolina Department of Public Health and entered them in a geographic information system. We performed spatial and spatiotemporal cluster analyses to characterize Lyme disease expansion. Results.  There was a marked increase in Lyme disease cases in Virginia, particularly from 2007 onwards. Northern Virginia experienced intensification and geographic expansion of Lyme disease cases. The most notable area of expansion was to the southwest along the Appalachian Mountains with development of a new disease cluster in the southern Virginia mountain region. Conclusions.  The geographic distribution of Lyme disease cases significantly expanded in Virginia between 2000 and 2014, particularly southward in the Virginia mountain ranges. If these trends continue, North Carolina can expect autochthonous Lyme disease transmission in its mountain region in the coming years.

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