Effect of Southern Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita race 3) on Corn Yields in Alabama

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bowen ◽  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
H. L. Campbell ◽  
S. Nightengale
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Percent Loss ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Risk Thresholds ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
Corn Grain

In Alabama and other southeastern states, corn is frequently planted in rotation with cotton and peanut in order to minimize soil-borne pest problems. Even in areas where peanut is not grown, corn is increasingly being planted in rotation with cotton. However, one root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita race 3, causes damage to both cotton and corn. In this study, we determined levels of corn grain loss when southern root-knot nematodes are present in soil. Losses were 3.8 to 11.4% based on preceding years' counts and 2.2 to 7.0% with current years' counts for every 100 2nd-stage juvenile root-knot nematodes in 100 cm ≥ of soil. Knowledge of the percent loss in corn grain due to southern rootknot nematode populations can provide additional guidance for use of risk thresholds when growers are making management decisions. Accepted for publication 21 June 2008. Published 10 September 2008.

scholarly journals Grafting for Management of Southern Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in Watermelon

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1195-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Thies ◽  
Jennifer J. Ariss ◽  
Richard L. Hassell ◽  
Steve Olson ◽  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Germplasm Line ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Four bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) cultivars, one squash (Cucurbita moschata × C. maxima) hybrid, five wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) germplasm lines, and one commercial wild watermelon (C. lanatus var. citroides) cultivar were evaluated as rootstocks for cultivated watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) in fields infested with the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Charleston, SC in 2007 and 2008, and in Quincy, FL in 2008. Commercial watermelon ‘Fiesta’ (diploid seeded) and ‘Tri-X 313’ (triploid seedless) scions were grafted onto the rootstocks in 2007 and 2008, respectively. In 2007, the plants grafted on rootstock from the wild watermelon germplasm line RKVL 318 had significantly less (P < 0.05) root galling than nongrafted ‘Fiesta’ watermelon or plants with the squash hybrid or bottle gourd rootstocks. In 2008, ‘Fiesta’ plants with rootstocks from all five wild watermelon germplasm lines and the commercial watermelon rootstock had significantly less (P < 0.05) root galling than plants with the squash hybrid or bottle gourd rootstocks. Root galling of the squash hybrid and bottle gourd rootstocks was severe (78 to 99%) in both years. Root galling for nongrafted ‘Fiesta’ and ‘Tri-X 313’ watermelon was 36 and 50%, respectively. Root galling for the wild watermelon germplasm lines ranged from 11 to 34% and 36 to 44% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Wild watermelon germplasm lines derived from C. lanatus var. citroides were identified that may be useful as resistant rootstocks for managing root-knot nematodes in watermelon.

WINTER SURVIVAL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA AND M. HAPLA) UNDER SELECTED HOST CROPS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. JOHNSON ◽  
J. W. POTTER
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

In field experiments at Harrow, Ontario, the southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita overwintered successfully on woody perennial roots of peach in a moderate winter, but was unable to survive a subsequent severe winter on this host. At Vineland Station, Ontario, M. incognita did not overwinter below the frost line in a moderate winter under alfalfa, a poor perennial host, but did overwinter under red clover and tomato in a severe winter, although the population was severely reduced. By comparison, the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla survived well under all three hosts in both winters at depths from 0 to 90 cm.

scholarly journals Controlling the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood) with grafted and resistant pepper varieties

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mándoki
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Resistant Rootstock ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Newly bred resistant bell pepper varieties and those grafted onto resistant rootstock s were tested in soil severely infested with southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogy11e incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] in unheated plastic house and compared to varieties on their own roots, in order to evaluate the efficiency of this environmentally friendly control method. 'Cinema F I ' carrying the N gene yielded significantly more than the two susceptible varieties. Varieties grafted onto resistant rootstocks outyielded those on their own roots although to different extent, which was not always significant. At the end of the vegetat ion period the roots of the rootstocks were undamaged and the roots of some resistant varieties were slightly infected. whereas the roots of susceptible varieties were severely damaged. According to our result  . both the use of resistant varieties and grafted plants offer an effective and environmentally safe way of controlling M. incognita.

scholarly journals Genome expression dynamics reveals parasitism regulatory landscape of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and a promoter motif associated with effector genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Da Rocha ◽  
Caroline Bournaud ◽  
Julie Dazeniere ◽  
Peter Thorpe ◽  
Clement Pellegrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Root-knot nematodes are the major contributor to the crop losses caused by nematodes. Root-knot nematodes secrete effectors into the plant, derived from two sets of pharyngeal gland cells, to manipulate host physiology and immunity. Successful completion of the life cycle, involving successive molts from egg to adult, covers morphologically and functionally distinct stages and will require precise control of gene expression, including effectors. The details of how root-knot nematodes regulate transcription remain sparse. Here, we report a life stage-specific transcriptome of Meloidogyne incognita. Combined with an available annotated genome, we explore the spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression. We reveal gene expression clusters and predicted functions that accompany the major developmental transitions. Focusing on effectors, we identify a putative cis-regulatory motif associated with expression in the dorsal glands: providing an insight into effector regulation. We combine the presence of this motif with several other criteria to predict a novel set of putative dorsal gland effectors. Finally, we show this motif, and thereby its utility, is broadly conserved across the Meloidogyne genus and termed it Mel-DOG. Taken together, we provide the first genome-wide analysis of spatio-temporal gene expression in a root-knot nematode, and identify a new set of candidate effector genes that will guide future functional analyses.

scholarly journals Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and its management: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Sudeep Subedi ◽  
Bihani Thapa ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Growth Quality

Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita stands out among the most harmful polyphagous endoparasite causing serious harm to plants, and distributed all over the globe. RKN causes reduced growth, quality and yield along with reduced resistance of the host against biotic and abiotic stresses. Infective second stage juvenile enters host roots with the help of the stylet and becomes sedentary getting into the vascular cylinder. Dramatic changes occur in host cells, making a specialized feeding site, induced by the secretion of effector protein by RKN. M. incognita can be controlled by nematicides, biocontrol agents, botanicals essential oils and growing resistant cultivars. Nematicides are no longer allowed to use in many parts of the world because of environmental hazards and toxicity to humans and other organisms. Researchers are concentrating on searching suitable alternatives to nematicides for effective management of M. incognita. This review mainly tries to explain the biology of M. incognita and different management options recommended in recent years. However, an effective and economical management of M. incognita remains an immense challenge.

scholarly journals Effect of Glomus Mosseae (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus) On Host - Parasite Relationship of Meloidogyne Incognita (Southern Root-Knot Nematode) on Four Improved Cowpea Varieties

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishola Odeyemi ◽  
Steve Afolami ◽  
Olufemi Sosanya
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Relationship Of

Effect of Glomus Mosseae (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus) On Host - Parasite Relationship of Meloidogyne Incognita (Southern Root-Knot Nematode) on Four Improved Cowpea VarietiesTwo pot experiments and a field study were conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The experiments were conducted to determine the effect ofGlomus mosseae, a mycorrhiza fungus, on the reaction of four improved cowpea varieties toMeloidogyne incognita.Cowpea plants were inoculated with a single or a combination of 5 000 eggs ofM. incognitaand 50 g ofG. mosseaeinoculum containing 5 spores/g of soil. The standardized method of screening and reporting resistance of crop germplasm to root-knot nematodes at 60 days after planting, and the modified version of including yield for resistance rating at harvest were used for this study. Root galling due toM. incognitainfection was significantly lower on all the cowpea varieties treated withG. mosseaeand more significantly on IT90K-277-2 and IT89KD-288 in the screenhouse.G. mosseae, suppressed root-knot nematode reproduction on all the varieties compared to cowpea plants infected only byM. incognitaboth in the screenhouse and field experiments. Also,G. mosseaemitigated the damage attributable to the root-knot nematode on all these varieties. Using Gall Index (GI), reproduction factor and yield,G. mosseaewas effective in improving the resistance of the cowpea varieties toM. incognita.IT90K-76 cowpea variety was consistently resistant to the root-knot nematode, while IT90K-277-2 was tolerant withM. incognitainfection but resistant withG. mosseaetreatment. IT90K-941-1 variety was resistant in the screenhouse. The results of this study also confirmedG. mosseaeas a potential bio-control agent forM. incognitaon these cowpea varieties.

scholarly journals Application of Biogas Digestate with Rice Straw Mitigates Nitrate Leaching Potential and Suppresses Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexi Wang ◽  
Seiya Chikamatsu ◽  
Tuya Gegen ◽  
Kozue Sawada ◽  
Koki Toyota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Biogas Digestate

This study investigated the effects of biogas digestate application to soil with rice straw on nitrate leaching potential and nematicidal activity toward root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita. The following seven treatments were set up: (i) control (CONT); (ii) chemical fertilizer (CF); (iii) wet biogas digestate derived from pig manure (WBD); (iv) and (v) dry biogas digestate derived from a mixture of pig manure and rice straw at an initial C/N ratio of 20 and 30 (DBD20 and DBD30); (vi) and (vii) DBD20 mixed with rice straw to adjust the C/N ratio to 16 (Mix1) and 30 (Mix2), respectively. The application rate of CF and digestates was adjusted to 200 mg N kg−1 soil based on the inorganic ammonium nitrogen contents. Nitrate contents readily increased in all the treatments with incubation, except for Mix2, and those at day 90 were decreased with increasing initial labile C contents. Garden balsam was grown as a test plant for root-knot nematodes using the soils at day 90 and the results showed that the gall index was significantly lower in Mix2 and Mix1 than in CF. These results suggest that dry digestate mixed with rice straw might have potential for lower nitrate leaching and nematicidal properties.

Comparison of host recognition, invasion, development and reproduction of Meloidogyne graminicola and M. incognita on rice and tomato

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar K. Dutta ◽  
Stephen J. Powers ◽  
Brian R. Kerry ◽  
Hari S. Gaur ◽  
Rosane H.C. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Tomato Roots

AbstractThe rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola normally infects rice, wheat and several other graminaceous plants. Meloidogyne incognita is a serious pest of dicotyledonous crops, although it can infect and reproduce on some cereals. This paper demonstrates and compares host recognition, development and reproduction of these two species of root-knot nematodes on rice and tomato plants. Attraction bioassays in pluronic gel clearly showed that M. incognita preferred tomato roots to rice or mustard roots, whilst M. graminicola was more attracted towards rice compared with tomato or mustard roots. Based on the attraction data from this study, it can be hypothesised that either: i) the blend of attractants and repellents are different in good and poor hosts; or ii) relatively long-range attractants, together with shorter-range repellents, might affect nematode movement patterns. Some host specific attractants might also be involved. Meloidogyne incognita was able to invade and develop to adult female but did not produce eggs in rice roots. By contrast, M. graminicola developed and reproduced faster on both rice and tomato plants compared with M. incognita. Nevertheless, second-stage juveniles of both these root-knot nematodes showed a similar pattern of distribution inside the roots, preferring to accumulate at the root tips of rice or in the vascular cylinder and cortical region of tomato.

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