Kaolin Particle Film Prevents Galling by Gynaikothrips uzeli

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Held ◽  
Corey Wheeler ◽  
David W. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Choice Tests

Feeding by Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmerman (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), a pest thrips, induces galls on the ornamental plant Ficus benjamina, which disfigures plants and can facilitate incidental transport of pests. This study evaluated foliar applications of azadirachtin (Azatin XL), bifenthrin (Talstar), or kaolin (Surround WP) to prevent galling in field and laboratory experiments. Azadirachtin did not significantly prevent galling, but kaolin-treated cuttings had 80% reduction in number of galls in laboratory tests, and in the field, kaolintreated plants had ≥ 74% reduction in number of galls versus unprotected plants. Weekly applications of kaolin provided comparable protection to bifenthrin. Laboratory choice and no-choice tests indicate kaolin is not lethal and adult G. uzeli do not avoid kaolin-treated surfaces. Particle film products are an effective alternative to insecticides for preventing leaf galls on weeping fig. Accepted for publication 18 February 2009. Published 7 April 2009.

Pre-planting Treatment of Seed Potato Tuber Pieces to Break Dormancy, Control Tuber Piece Decay and Improve Yield

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mysore N. Shashirekha ◽  
Pattisapu Narasimham
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Microbial Agents

SUMMARYLaboratory experiments and field tests were used to study the effects of seven anti-microbial agents and a trace element salt mixture (TEM) on the decay of cut pieces of seed potatoes. The effect of a mixture of gibberellic acid and ethrel (GA + E), TEM, and TEM with GA + E on the sprouting behaviour and yield of tubers was also studied. All the anti-microbial agents inhibited decay, although TEM and oxine were superior to other treatments. There was an increase in crop yield when seed tubers were treated with TEM. In laboratory tests, the GA + E mixture and TEM were effective in breaking dormancy.

DETERMINATION OF THE PHENOL COEFFICIENT AND PROTEIN INDEX OF THE NEW COMPOSITION OF DISINFECTANTS OF HYPONATE-BPO

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
M. P. Butko ◽  
◽  
P. A. Popov ◽  
D. A. Onischenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Phenol Solution ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Veterinary Practice

The article presents the results of laboratory experiments on the determination of phenol coefficient and protein index of the composition of disinfectants Hyponate-BPO proposed for using in veterinary practice for disinfection of veterinary objects. The laboratory tests of the new multicomponent drug Hyponate-BPO determined that its solution is more efficient in 4,815 times than phenol solution in relation to E. coli 1257 PCs. It was shown that the effectiveness of the new composition disinfectant Hyponate-BPO in the presence of high-molecular protein decreases 2,13 times. Thus, as a result of the conducted researches, the high efficacy of the drug was established, which indicates the feasibility of conducting further research on the study of Hyponate-BPO disinfectant.

Runout of dry granular avalanches

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
T R Davies ◽  
M J McSaveney
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Rock Avalanche ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Runout Distance ◽  
Grain Flow ◽  
Flow Mechanisms ◽  
Fall Height

Laboratory experiments on granular avalanching of dry sands and gravels reveal a consistent pattern of runout distance varying with fall height, fall slope, and volume of material for volumes ranging from 0.1 to 1000 L. Data from the South Ashburton rock avalanche deposit show that its runout behaviour differs only slightly from that of the laboratory avalanches, extending the range of this behaviour to granular avalanches with volumes of about 100 000 m3. By contrast, data from much larger rock avalanches (> 107 m3) depart significantly from the trends of the laboratory data; some factor not present in the laboratory, such as rock fragmentation or the presence of an erodible substrate, must influence the behaviour of these larger events. Travel angles as low as 13° in the laboratory tests result from grain flow mechanisms with normal friction coefficients; they are not associated only with large-volume events and do not necessarily indicate unusual material mobility at any scale.

scholarly journals Pre-Clinical Testing of Hip Prosthetic Designs: A Comparison of Finite Element Calculations and Laboratory Tests

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
N J J Verdonschot ◽  
R Huiskes ◽  
M A R Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Hip Prostheses ◽  
Finite Element Calculations

To investigate the accuracy of finite element (FE) models for pre-clinical testing of unbonded hip prostheses, relative to aspects of load transfer and micromobility, two previously published laboratory experiments were simulated, using three-dimensional FE models. It was found for the load-transfer analyses that the experiment and the FE study revealed results that were very similar. The trends in the mobility experiments were also reproduced in the FE simulations, although quantitative differences were found. It is concluded that FE analysis can effectively be used for design evaluation of hip prostheses before prototypes are made.

Investigation into alternative sludge conditioning prior to dewatering

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryla Smollen ◽  
Achmad Kafaar
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Structural Strength ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Principal Objective ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sludge Conditioning ◽  
Domestic Refuse

The principal objective of this work is to provide a more effective alternative for sludge conditioning prior to mechanical dewatering. The common use of polyelectrolytes often results in the final cake solids concentration not sufficiently high for the sludge to be beneficially reused or safely disposed. The pyrolysed domestic refuse (char) was used to increase the structural strength and permeability of biological sludges in order to increase final cake solids concentration. The laboratory experiments have proven that the mixture of char and a small quantity of polyelectrolyte (0.5 to 1kg per ton of dry solids), used as a conditioner prior to centrifugation and filtration tests, produced cake solids concentration superior to that obtained by using polyelectrolyte on its own. Laboratory dewatering by filtration with admixture of char and polymer, resulted in cake solids concentration of 30 and above 40 per cent.

Differential parasitism of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae by the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on two host plant species

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-sheng Liu ◽  
Li-hui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Host Larva ◽  
Cotesia Plutellae ◽  
Choice Tests

AbstractLaboratory experiments were conducted to examine host selection by Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov when larvae of its host, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), fed on Chinese cabbage, Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis and those fed on common cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata were provided simultaneously, and to investigate the roles of plant and host volatiles in mediating host selection. When C. plutellae were provided with equal numbers of host larvae on plants of the two species in one arena, the parasitoid parasitized 4- to 15-fold more host larvae on Chinese cabbage than on common cabbage. This preference changed little with host density. However, an experience of searching coupled with an oviposition in a host larva on a leaf of the less-preferred plant, common cabbage, significantly increased the preference for parasitizing host larvae on this plant and resulted in twice as many host larvae parasitized on this plant than on Chinese cabbage. Dual choice tests with a Y-tube olfactometer showed that plant volatiles from Chinese cabbage were more attractive to female C. plutellae than those from common cabbage when plants of both species were either intact or infested. In parallel to the increased parasitism on common cabbage following experience, oviposition in a host larva on this less-preferred plant significantly increased the response to volatiles emanating from that plant. These results indicate that host plants may strongly influence the foraging behaviour of C. plutellae, but their differential attractiveness to the parasitoid may be altered by experience of the parasitoid.

Oviposition preference by the black cowpea moth, Cydia ptychora (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), for different varieties of cowpea

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Akingbohungbe ◽  
T. Agbede ◽  
J. I. Olaifa
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Oviposition Preferences ◽  
Cydia Ptychora ◽  
Choice Tests

AbstractIn tests in Nigeria with its principal host-plant, cowpea, Cydia ptychora (Meyr.) showed distinct oviposition preferences. Most of the eggs were laid on the sepals (including their remains on pods) in screenhouse tests involving four varieties. There were distinct differences in the number of eggs laid on different varieties in both no-choice tests with four or five varieties and free-choice tests with 17 varieties in the field. Vita-3 was the preferred variety in the laboratory tests and H 13–1 in the larger comparisons in the field. Fewest eggs were deposited on Tvu 2994 in all tests.

Zygosity Testing: Laboratory and the Investigator's Judgment

1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Physical Similarity ◽  
Laboratory Error ◽  
Accurate Indication ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Physical Resemblance

AbstractThe immediate global impressions of zygosity (based upon physical similarity) were recorded by the investigator at initial meetings with 105 pairs of twins. The accuracy of these ratings, as well as classifications provided by two objective procedures (physical resemblance questionnaire; dermatoglyphic analyses) and two subjective procedures (parental impressions; physician's impressions), were evaluated by comparison with results from bloodtyping for 53 pairs. The judgments of the investigator furnished the most accurate indication of zygosity (94-96% accuracy). Laboratory tests were repeated for five pairs when the results proved incompatible with the investigator's ratings. In all five cases, the investigator's judgments were confirmed, indicating that a laboratory error had occurred. It appears that the opinion of a skilled observer of twins can provide a convenient and highly effective alternative to bloodtyping.

scholarly journals Resistance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars to Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Lígia Alves de Paiva ◽  
Wanessa De Carvalho Resende ◽  
Cinthia Luzia Teixeira Silva ◽  
André Cirilo De Sousa Almeida ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ribeiro da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Agricultural Entomology ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damages bean crops, resulting in decreased leaf area and destruction of reproductive structures. This study aimed to evaluate the types and levels of resistance of bean cultivars to S. frugiperda. The bean cultivars evaluated were: BRS Ametista, Pérola, BRS Notável, BRS Realce, Jalo Precoce, BRS Campeiro, BRS Agreste, BRS Cometa, BRS Executivo and BRS Pitanga, in the Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of the Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Brazil. Tests to identify levels of antixenosis, in free-choice and no-choice tests, and antibiosis were performed in the laboratory (25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10 % R. H. and photophase of 14 h). The cultivars BRS Pitanga, BRS Executivo, BRS Notável and BRS Campeiro presented antixenosis and BRS Realce antibiosis to S. frugiperda. However, it is not known whether the levels of resistance exhibited in the laboratory are sufficiently high to be of any economic value to agriculture. Therefore, the next step is to evaluate, under field conditions, the cultivars showing the most resistance in laboratory tests. If field evaluations indicate sufficient levels of resistance to be of practical value, these cultivars may be used as donor sources in the breeding program or may be used directly by farmers.

scholarly journals Ear tag mechanical properties under extreme climate conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
M. Müller ◽  
D. Lukešová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
The Common ◽  
Constructional Design

The common ear tag production and application do not take into regard the demographic environment and climate of a target destination which are specified. However, this fact becomes a core of the problem. The necessity to characterize the ear tag bond comes out from the practical experience when applying incorrect exchange spike in the application punch by mistake. The aim of the experimental research was to carry out the evaluation of the ear tag mechanical qualities under increased and decreased temperatures on the base of the laboratory experiments together with the suitable and incorrect application of the exchange spike in the application punch. Different environment temperatures in the tested interval –20°C till 60°C should simulate one of the possible attribute of the potential application in the different climate. The constructional design of the ear tag bond was proposed on the basis of the laboratory tests.  

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