Effect of Seed Treatment on Early Season Brown Spot Caused by Septoria glycines of Soybean

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean C. Batzer ◽  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Carl A. Bradley ◽  
Martin I. Chilvers ◽  
Albert U. Tenuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Mist Chamber

Early season brown spot caused by Septoria glycines was compared in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, and Ontario, Canada, soybean fields planted with differing commercial seed treatments. Seed treatments that included fluopyram significantly reduced brown spot (P < 0.001). A greenhouse mist chamber experiment revealed that fluopyram seed treatment reduced the Area Under Disease Progress Curve of brown spot over a 6-week period (P < 0.001). Brown spot severity was unaffected by plant age at inoculation for the control treatment without fluopyram (P = 0.911); however, severity increased with plant age at inoculation for the fluopyram treatment (P = 0.009). The sensitivity of two S. glycines isolates to fluopyram was assessed by determining the effective concentration required to reduce its colony diameter growth in culture by 50% (EC50). Both isolates had an EC50 of 0.41 μg/ml of fluopyram. These results demonstrate that fluopyram seed treatment is effecttive at controlling early season brown spot in soybean. Accepted for publication 19 September 2016.

scholarly journals Electrical conductivity test in the evaluation of the physiological potential of treated and stored soybean seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 3135-3148
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Silva Couto ◽  
◽  
Cristian Rafael Brzezinski ◽  
Julia Abati ◽  
Ronan Carlos Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

Soybean seed treatment contributes to the maintenance of seed quality, but the effect of commercial formulations and chemical products on the effectiveness of the electrical conductivity test based on electrolyte leaching has been frequently questioned. This study aimed to verify the interference of the chemical seed treatment of two soybean cultivars on the effectiveness of the electrical conductivity test in evaluating the vigor of freshly treated and stored seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of seven seed treatments and two evaluation periods (0 and 60 days after storage), with four replications. The used seed treatments consisted of 1) fipronil + pyraclostrobin + thiophanate-methyl, 2) imidacloprid + thiodicarb + carbendazim + thiram, 3) abamectin + thiamethoxan + fludioxonil + mefenoxam + thiabendazole, 4) carbendazim + thiram, 5) fludioxonil + mefenoxam + thiabendazole, 6) carboxin + thiram, and 7) control (no treatment). The cultivars were BRS 360 RR and BRS 284, which were analyzed separately. Germination, accelerated aging, emergence, and electrical conductivity tests were carried out. No differences were detected between the control and chemical treatments performed on seeds of the two freshly treated soybean cultivars regarding germination, accelerated aging, and emergence tests. The germination test stood out after storage with the cultivar BRS 360 RR, showing the maintenance of germination potential for seeds treated with carbendazim + thiram and the control treatment. Therefore, the chemical treatment of soybean seeds interferes with the result of the electrical conductivity test. The electrical conductivity test is effective in segregating seed lots in terms of vigor level. The electrical conductivity test correlates with the other vigor tests used to identify the reduction in the physiological seed quality with storage.

Effect of Resistance and Ethaboxam Seed Treatment on the Management of Phytophthora Root Rot in Illinois and Iowa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Cerritos-Garcia ◽  
Juan P. Granda ◽  
Rashelle Matthiessen ◽  
Brian W. Diers ◽  
Alison E. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Rps Gene ◽  
Different Levels

Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR) is a limiting factor for soybean production. Seed treatments are used for early-season management, but efficacy can depend on seed selection and the local environment. Ethaboxam is a new fungicide commercially available as a seed treatment to control oomycetes. Field experiments were established in Illinois and Iowa in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the effect of ethaboxam + metalaxyl on PRR. Experiments included soybean lines with no resistance gene, Rps1c or Rps1k, and different levels of partial resistance. Seed treatments increased soybean stands in all locations and years. Significant yield effects were observed only in two locations that were inoculated with Phytophthora spp. Groups of soybean lines with the same Rps gene responded differently in each location, showing how Rps gene usefulness depends on the field. A comparison of the effect of seed treatment on lines with different levels of partial resistance showed that partial resistance alone cannot always protect against stand losses. Soybean lines with high levels of partial resistance had consistently higher yields than those with low levels of partial resistance across Illinois locations. These results show that ethaboxam seed treatment can protect early-season stands and that selection of cultivars with high levels of partial resistance is important for PRR management.

scholarly journals Biocontrol and seed transmission of Bipolaris oryzae and Gerlachia oryzae to rice seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bittencourt Moura ◽  
Juliane Ludwig ◽  
Aline Garske Santos ◽  
Jaqueline Tavares Schafer ◽  
Vanessa Nogueira Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
The One

Bipolaris oryzae and Gerlachia oryzae, which cause rice brown spot and leaf scald, respectively, are mainly disseminated by seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of seeds microbiolization to reduce transmission of these pathogens to seedlings by using the bacteria DFs185 (Pseudomonas synxantha), DFs223 (P. fluorescens), DFs306 (unidentified) and DFs418 (Bacillus sp.). Seeds naturally infested/infected with both pathogens were immersed in suspension of these bacteria (A540 = 0.5) individually or in saline solution (control treatment). After 30 minutes of agitation at 10 ºC, 400 seeds were submitted to a sanity test through the blotter method and the isolate DFs223 was the best to reduce the incidence of B. oryzae and G. oryzae in both seed lots evaluated. Seeds treated like above were sowed in sterilized vermiculite. Seed transmission and growth promotion were recorded after 21 days of incubation in the same conditions. The isolates DFs185 and DFs306 reduced transmission of both pathogens, although the isolate DFs306 was the one wich gave the greatest growth increases. The evaluation of the in vitro antibiosis showed that isolates inhibited the mycelial growth of both pathogens, except DFs306. It is possible to affirm that these bacteria have the potential to be used as a seed treatment for seed-borne disease control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of insecticidal seed treatments against white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard infesting groundnut

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Bhut JB ◽  
◽  
Jethva DM ◽  
Naggana R ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Seed Treatments

Field experiment on evaluation of insecticidal seed treatments against white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard infesting groundnut was conducted during kharif 2018 and 2019 at farmers field. The nine insecticides evaluated as seed treatment against white grub infesting groundnut, the lowest per cent plant morality and number of grub/m2 was observed in treatment of clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g a.i. /kg and imidacloprid 40 + fipronil 40 WG @ 3 g a.i. /kg. These treatments were produced 2329 and 2296 yield of pod, 3970 & 3780 kg/ha yield of halum, respectively. Increased in yield over control in these treatments was recorded 57.79 and 55.56 per cent in pod, 76.29 and 64.65 per cent in halum. Whereas avoidable yield loss recorded of these treatments was recorded 36.63 and 35.71 per cent in pod, 43.27 and 39.27 per cent in halum. However, the highest 1:28.32 NICRB was recorded in treatment of chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 30 ml a.i. /kg. The NICRB of clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g a.i. /kg and imidacloprid 40 + fipronil 40 WG @ 3 g a.i. /kg were recorded 1:14.95 and 1:9.20, respectively. The evaluated insecticides had no adverse effect on seed germination

scholarly journals Efficacy of Fungicidal Seed Treatments on Seed Borne Diseases of Green Gram

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
A. J. Deshmukh ◽  
◽  
A. N. Sabalpara ◽  
R. P. Bambharolia ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Alternaria Leaf Spot

The experiment was conducted to perceive the effect of fungicidal seed treatment on seed borne diseases of green gram on susceptible cv. GM-3 with nine different fungicides. Results revealed that dry seed treatment with either mix formulation of carbendazim + mancozeb or thiophanate methyl or carbendazim @ 2.5 g kg-1 seeds is very effective in field to control Macrophomina leaf blight, Alternaria leaf spot and Anthracnose diseases. Two years pooled data indicated that PDI of Macrophomina leaf bilght was significantly lower in dry seed treatment with carbendazim + mancozeb (0.99%, 12.90%) which was statistically at par with thiophanate methyl (1.54%, 13.80%) followed by carbendazim (0.99%, 14.06%) at 35 and 65 DAS, respectively. Two years pooled data of Alternaria leaf spot indicated that the PDI of was significantly lower in dry seed treatment with carbendazim + mancozeb (2.64%, 11.15%) which was statistically at par with thiophanate methyl (2.74%, 11.30%) followed by carbendazim (2.84%, 11.37%) at 35 and 65 DAS. Two years pooled data of Anthracnose disease indicated that the PDI of Anthracnose was significantly lower in dry seed treatment with carbendazim + mancozeb (0.81%, 6.71%).

scholarly journals PRAIRIE GRASS ESTABLISHMENT AFFECTED BY SEED TREATMENT AND SOWING DATE

1985 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
R.E. Falloon
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Grass Establishment

Effects of two different fungicide seed treatments, inoculation of seed with teliospores of the head smut fungus (Ustilago bullata Berk.), and five different autumn sowing dates, on establishment of prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth cv. 'Grasslands Matua,'), were examined in a field trial. Seedling establishment was increased by thiram seed treatment and decreased by inoculation of seed with U. bullata. Greater numbers of seedlings established from early sowings, when soil temperatures were higher, than from late sowings. Suitable seed treatments to increase the likelihood of successful establishment of prairie grass are discussed. Keywords: Bromus willdenowii, seedling establishment, seed treatments, thiram, Ustilago bullata, sowing dates, soil temperatures

scholarly journals Soybean seedling performance in diferente seed treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Luiz Leonardo Ferreira ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Francine Lautenchleger ◽  
Tamires Silva Martins ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Viana Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Soybean Seedling ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Residual Variances

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of soybean seedlings in different seed treatments. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Mineiros, GO. The soil was classified as Quartzarenic Entisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial 5x4, corresponding to seed treatments (Water, Cruiser, Fipronil Alta, Fortenza and Standak Top) in four soybean cultivars (Bonus, Ultra, Extra and BKS7830), in four replications. Before planting, pre-planting desiccation was performed. The fertilization used was 450 kg ha-1 of fertilizer 05-25-15 applied in the furrow and in a single dose next to the sowing. During the conduction of the experiment the control of pests, diseases and weeds were carried out as necessary, respecting the best practices and integrated management. The data obtained were subjected to the assumptions of the statistical model, verifying the normality and homogeneity of the residual variances, as well as the additivity of the model. Uni and multivariate tools were applied. The analysis were performed at the interface Rbio and R. The interaction of soybean cultivars and types of seed treatment showed variations in all analysis evaluated in soybean seedlings. The best performances were verified among the cultivars BKS7830 that expressed the largest shoot fresh matter when submitted to Cruiser seed treatment, while the highest root length was expressed in the cultivar Ultra in the Fortenza seed treatment.

scholarly journals Revisiting Sustainability of Fungicide Seed Treatments for Field Crops

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Ram Lamichhane ◽  
Ming Pei You ◽  
Véronique Laudinot ◽  
Martin J. Barbetti ◽  
Jean-Noël Aubertot
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Nontarget Effects ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Negative Impacts

The use of fungicide seed treatment (FST) is a very common practice worldwide. The purported effectiveness of many fungicides in providing broad-spectrum and systemic control of important diseases and the perception that FST reduces overall pesticide use, hence lowering environmental impacts, have greatly promoted the use of FST in the last five decades. Since there have been rapid advancements in the types, formulations, and application methods for seed treatments, there is a need to re-evaluate the benefits versus the risks of FST as a practice. While the use of seeds treated with neonicotinoid insecticides has come under scrutiny due to concern over potential nontarget effects, there are knowledge gaps on potential negative impacts of FST on operators’ (those who apply, handle, and use treated seeds) health and nontarget soil organisms (both macro- and microorganisms). Here we review existing knowledge on key fungicides used for seed treatments, benefits and risks related to FST, and propose recommendations to increase benefits and limit risks related to the use of FST. We found FST is applied to almost 100% of sown seeds for the most important arable crops worldwide. Fungicides belonging to 10 chemical families and with one or several types of mobility (contact, locally systemic, and xylem mobile) are used for seed treatment, although the majority are xylem mobile. Seed treatments are applied by the seed distributor, the seed company, and the farmer, although the proportion of seed lots treated by these three groups vary from one crop to another. The average quantity of fungicide active ingredient (a.i.) applied via seed treatment depends on the crop species, environment(s) into which seed is planted, and regional or local regulations. Cost-effectiveness, protection of the seed and seedlings from pathogens up to 4–5 weeks from sowing, user friendliness, and lower impact on human health and nontarget soil organisms compared with foliar spray and broadcast application techniques, are among the most claimed benefits attributed to FST. In contrast, inconsistent economic benefits, development of resistance by soilborne pathogens to many fungicides, exposure risks to operators, and negative impacts on nontarget soil organisms are the key identified risks related to FST. We propose eight recommendations to reduce risks related to FST and to increase their benefits.

scholarly journals Age-Dependent Resistance toRhizoctonia solaniin Sugar Beet

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2322-2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangxi Liu ◽  
Aiming Qi ◽  
Mohamed F. R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Barley Grains ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Rhizoctonia crown and root rot of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), caused by Rhizoctonia solani, continues to be one of the important concerns for the beet industry in Minnesota and North Dakota. Use of resistant cultivars is an important strategy in the management of R. solani in combination with seed treatment and timely fungicide application during the growing season. The objective of this greenhouse study was to determine how sugar beet plants responded to increasing age in resistance to R. solani. Each of three seed companies provided three commercial cultivars with varying R. solani resistance levels: susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant. Seed were planted at a weekly interval to create different plant age groups from seed to 10-week-old plants, with growing degree days (GDD) ranging from 0 to 1,519 thermal time (°Cd). Seed and plants were all simultaneously inoculated with R. solani AG2-2-infested barley grains. Twenty-eight days after inoculation, plants were pulled and washed, and roots were evaluated for disease severity. All cultivars were highly susceptible to R. solani when inoculated at seed to 3 weeks old (0 to 464°Cd). At 4 and 5 weeks of plant age (617 to 766°Cd), resistant cultivars started to show significant resistance to R. solani. Proportion of the affected roots with disease score ≥ 5 followed a sigmoid response, declining with increased GDD in moderately resistant and resistant cultivars, whereas it continued to decline linearly with increased GDD in susceptible cultivars. This study demonstrated that sugar beet cultivars, regardless of their assigned level of R. solani resistance, were highly susceptible to the pathogen before they reached the six- to eight-leaf stage at 4 to 5 weeks (617 to 766°Cd) after planting. Therefore, additional protection in the form of seed treatment or fungicide application may be required to protect sensitive sugar beet seed and seedlings in fields with a history of R. solani under favorable environmental conditions.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Ethaboxam as a Soybean Seed Treatment Toward Phytophthora, Phytopythium, and Pythium in Ohio

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Scott ◽  
Meredith Eyre ◽  
Dair McDuffee ◽  
Anne E. Dorrance
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Seed Decay ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures ◽  
Seed Rot

Phytophthora, Phytopythium, and Pythium species that cause early-season seed decay and pre-emergence and post-emergence damping off of soybean are most commonly managed with seed treatments. The phenylamide fungicides metalaxyl and mefenoxam, and ethaboxam are effective toward some but not all species. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ethaboxam in fungicide mixtures and compare those with other fungicides as seed treatments to protect soybean against Pythium, Phytopythium, and Phytophthora species in both high-disease field environments and laboratory seed plate assays. The second objective was to evaluate these seed treatment mixtures on cultivars that have varying levels and combinations of resistance to these soilborne pathogens. Five of eight environments received adequate precipitation in the 14 days after planting for high levels of seedling disease development and treatment evaluations. Three environments had significantly greater stands, and three had significantly greater yield when ethaboxam was used in the seed treatment mixture compared with treatments containing metalaxyl or mefenoxam alone. Three fungicide formulations significantly reduced disease severity compared with nontreated in the seed plate assay for 17 species. However, the combination of ethaboxam plus metalaxyl in a mixture was more effective than either fungicide alone against some Pythium and Phytopythium species. Overall, our results indicate that the addition of ethaboxam to a fungicide seed treatment is effective in reducing seed rot caused by these pathogens commonly isolated from soybean in Ohio but that these effects can be masked when cultivars with resistance are planted.

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