LIPOID HYPERPLASIA OF SUPRARENAL GLANDS WITH CALCIUM DEPOSITS IN HYPOSPADIASIS PENIS SCROTALIS AND BILATERAL CRYPTOCHISM WITH FALSE ACCESSORY SUPRARENAL GLAND ON THE RIGHT TESTICLE

1925 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
P. Brntschy
Keyword(s):  
Suprarenal Gland ◽  
Suprarenal Glands ◽  
Calcium Deposits ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Importance for experiments in human medicine of imaging modalities for macroanatomical and histological study of rabbit suprarenal glands

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (08) ◽  
pp. 6286-2019
Author(s):  
OMER GURKAN DILEK ◽  
ROSEN STEFANOV DIMITROV ◽  
KAMELIA DIMCHEVA STAMATOVA-YOVCHEVA ◽  
DAVID GOSPODINOV YOVCHEV ◽  
RADOSLAV MIHAYLOV
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Suprarenal Gland ◽  
The Us ◽  
Suprarenal Glands ◽  
The Right

The morphological characteristics of the rabbit adrenal glands are currently investigated using routine imaging modalities. The aim of the study was to collect and interpret major findings and information in the literature on the rabbit as an animal model for investigations in humans. The suprarenal glands of thirty-four mature, clinically healthy New Zealand rabbits were studied using anatomical, routine histology, radiology, computed tomography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging methods. The results demonstrated that the rabbit suprarenal glands are paired ellipsoid organs. The right gland was close to the right kidney, whereas the left gland was located at a distance from the left kidney. The capsule was composed of dense connective tissue. The parenchyma consisted of three zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate, and zona reticularis. The medulla was in the center of the glandular parenchyma. The glands’ radiological and CT features defined their position relative to the right and left kidneys. The right suprarenal gland was with normal attenuation. The left suprarenal gland was located at a distance from the left kidney. The US features of the glands demonstrated variability in darkness and contrast, revealing specific histological features. The MRI peculiarities of the glands defined them as well visible findings

scholarly journals Idiopathic calcinosis cutis of the right iliac region: Common lesion at uncommon

2022 ◽  
pp. 541-543
Author(s):  
Nidha Gaffoor ◽  
Hima Sree Edupuganti ◽  
Jessica Minal ◽  
Archana Shetty ◽  
Supriya T R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Healthy Patient ◽  
Soft Tissue Lesion ◽  
Calcinosis Cutis ◽  
Iliac Region ◽  
Clinical Background ◽  
Calcium Deposits ◽  
The Right

Calcinosis cutis is an uncommon soft tissue lesion characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in the skin or subcutaneous tissue attributed to a wide variety of causes. We present a case of idiopathic calcinosis cutis in an adult male, who presented with a swelling in the right iliac region. Chalky white aspirate and amorphous basophilic granular material on microscopy suggestive of calcium deposits were noted. Histopathological examination of the excised mass coupled with appropriate clinical background led to the final diagnosis of idiopathic calcinosis cutis. We present this case with a complete diagnostic workup to undermine the importance of considering this lesion in the differential diagnoses of a subcutaneous hard lump in an otherwise healthy patient.

scholarly journals Critical Analysis of Mulsthana of Medowaha Srotas

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
Charuta Keshavrao Parlewar ◽  
Pradnya Dandekar ◽  
Rupali Parlewar
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Suprarenal Gland ◽  
Suprarenal Glands

According to Ayurveda dhatus (structural entities) are circulating through a channel known as srotas, these strotas carry dhatu (tissue elements or their constituent) undergoing transformation to their destination. Each srotas has 2 mulasthan (roots), which are different according to various text of Ayurveda. Different Acharyas describe roots of Medowaha srotas differently upto some extent, with this context the exploration of this concept is needed with respect to modern science which is mostly based on Pratyaksha pramana. An Ayurvedic principle, to treat the diseases of respective srotas, root site has to be treated. About medowaha srotas, out of two roots one is “Vrikka” is common in all text, but the second root is different with this context exploration is needed. When we correlate term Vrikka with kidney, we can’t full fill the aspect of Meda (fat) metabolism but if Vrikka is correlates with kidney plus suprarenal gland then we can. In Structure suprarenal gland are attached to kidneys on superior side kidneys and suprarenal glands are made up of same tissue. The diseases of Meda dhatu given by compendia are correlated with diseases of hormone cortisol secreated by suprarenal gland, and cortisol is responsible for fat metabolism. Even suprarenal glands are not described in any text of Ayuurveda. The second roots given by Acharyas are Vapawahan, kati, Mansa and Jatharmeda respectively all these structures are deposited with adipose tissue having adipocyte. During starvation this tissue is metabolized and used for energy. So, these all structures are roots of Medowaha srotas.

scholarly journals Dystrophic calcifications and Raynaud’s phenomenon in an eight-year old girl

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Slobodan Grebeldinger ◽  
Jelena Tomic ◽  
Gordana Vijatov-Djuric ◽  
Branka Radojcic ◽  
Nada Vuckovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Vascular Trauma ◽  
Crest Syndrome ◽  
Myositis Ossificans Progressiva ◽  
Calcium Deposits ◽  
Tissue Calcium ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Dystrophic calcifications are the most common subtype of skin calcinosis. Tumorous soft tissue calcium deposits usually contain hydroxyapatite and amorphous calcium phosphate. Differential diagnosis of skin calcinosis encompasses Thibierge-Weissenbach syndrome, systemic sclerosis, scleroderma, CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud?s phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia), dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ad myositis ossificans progressiva. Case Outline. We present the case of an eight-year old girl with tumorous soft tissue calcium deposits and Raynaud?s phenomenon. At the age of 3.5 years, our patient was admitted to Pediatric Surgery Clinic because of bilateral acrocyanosis localized at the fingertips area of hands, with the signs of vascular trauma. Therapy with vasodilators and hyperbaric oxygen treatment were completed. This therapy resulted in improvement. At the age of eight, the patient was admitted again due to intermittent, painful cramps localized in both hands. Punctiform deposits were present at the tips of fingers and toes, which looked like calcifications and were spontaneously eliminated, with the remnants of crater-shaped defects. A hard tumorous deformity localized in soft tissue was present in the extensor area of the right elbow. Laboratory indicators of inflammation were within the reference values, and antinuclear antibodies were positive. A nodus localized at the right elbow was extirpated. Pathohistological findings: connective and fat tissue with large deposits of calcium. Conclusion. Further follow-up of our patient is necessary due to possible development of complete picture of CREST syndrome or systemic sclerosis.

scholarly journals Study on Morphometry of Adrenal Glands in live fetuses by Ultrasonography

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 8139-8144
Author(s):  
Maruti ram Annamraju ◽  
◽  
Alka Prasad ◽  
Srihari Rao Battalapalli ◽  
Subhadra Devi Velichety ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Ultra Sound ◽  
Suprarenal Gland ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Suprarenal Glands ◽  
Length Width

Introduction: Development of adrenal gland is always peculiar as it involves the complex process. It has an intriguing role in the harmonious development of fetus. Ultrasonographic Studies on fetal supra renal glands help in understanding the embryology of Suprarenal glands and are also useful in obstetrics, perinatology and fetopathology. Risk factors associated in the pregnancy like maternal diabetes and hypertension could impair the growth of adrenal glands. The nomograms of adrenal glands observed by ultrasonography are of clinical importance and help us in planning prevention and management of a fetus in high-risk pregnancies. This requires a feasible and repeatable screening test. Objective: To estimate various suprarenal gland measurements such as length, width, thickness, volume, surface area, circumference, thickness of cortex and medulla Materials and methods: Present study conducted with62 live normal human fetuses of different gestational ages ranging from 20 – 40 weeks, through ultrasonographic study using real time 4D and B mode Ge Voluson 730 pro ultra sound macine. Probes used were AB-2-7 Convex 2d abdominal Probe and RABA 4-8 Convex 4D abdominal probe. After obtaining the prior permission from the institutional ethics committee, consent from pregnant woman. Sex of the fetus was not revealed during ultrasonographic study. Fetal parameters of supra-renal gland were recorded and documented. Results: Suprarenal gland length, width, thickness, cortico-medullary thickness, surface area and circumference of both right and left side revealed significant difference (p<0.01). the detailed data analysis was presented in the subsequent headings. Conclusion: The data obtained from this study, may useful to understand the suprarenal morphometry in live fetuses thus the database useful in obstetrics, perinatology and fetopathology.

scholarly journals Histogenesis of suprarenal glands at different gestational age groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Ravindra Kumar Boddeti ◽  
Velichety Subhadra Devi
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Suprarenal Gland ◽  
Suprarenal Glands ◽  
Group A

Background: The human foetal suprarenal gland is structurally variant from its adult counterpart. The most distinctive features of human foetal suprarenal gland and histologically unique foetal zone, was described first by Elliott and Armour in 1911. After the first trimester, the centrally located foetal zone accounts for most of the foetal adrenal mass. The outer zone of the foetal suprarenal gland is called the “definitive zone or neo cortex”; this zone likely gives rise to the adult adrenal glomerulosa. A third zone called “transitional zone”, lies just between the neocortex and foetal zone and is believed to develop into the zona fasciculata. Aims and Objectives: The current study was designed to study the histogenesis of suprarenal glands at different gestational age groups. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight formalin preserved dead embryos and foetuses of both sexes, were obtained from the Govt. Maternity Hospital & S.V.Medical College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. Specimens were grouped according to their gestational age groups (A,B,C,D) A= 0-12 weeks, B= 13-24 weeks, C= 25-36 weeks and D= more than 36 weeks of gestation. Specimens from group A were subjected to serial section as this group consists of embryos, and other groups were sectioned coronal and subjected to routine histological processing for H&E staining. Sections were observed for cellular details under light microscopy with 10X and 40X magnifications, and the same were photographed by microphotography. Results: Based upon the gestational age groups, histogenesis of the suprarenal gland was observed and correlated with the available literature, and the detailed results, discussion will be dealt at the time of discussion. Conclusions: Histological observation of the all the specimens observed in the present study are in agreement with those reported in the literature except that they appeared earlier in the present study than that reported in the literature. Capsule of suprarenal gland appeared at 12 weeks, sympatho-chromaffin bundles appeared before 6 weeks and zonation of cortex was observed at 8 weeks in the present study when compared to the time of appearance reported in the literature as 14 weeks, after 6 weeks and after 12 weeks respectively in the literature.

Study on the gestational age-related histogenesis of human fetal suprarenal glands

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Maruti Ram Annamraju ◽  
Ravindra Kumar Boddeti ◽  
Subhadra Devi Velichety ◽  
Srihari Rao Battalapalli
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Suprarenal Gland ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Suprarenal Glands

Background: Fetal suprarenal gland consists of three zones. They are the outer definitive zone or neocortex (DZ) that forms adult Zona Glomerulosa (ZG), the centrally located fetal zone and a third transitional zone (TZ) the future adult Zona Fasciculata (ZF) which lies just between the neocortex and fetal zone (FZ). The inner ZF that consists of large eosinophilic cells, and the outer definitive zone (DZ) consists of small, densely packed basophilic cells. As early as in 6th week of gestational Age, pheochromoblasts derived from the neural crest migrate through the fetal cortex to form the medulla at a later stage of development. The medulla unrecognizable as a distinct structure in the suprarenal gland throughout most of the gestation, except for small clusters or nests of chromaffin cells scattered throughout the body of the cortex. Aims and Objective: The study was designed and aimed to understand the early developmental histology of suprarenal gland. Materials and Methods: Study conducted at the Department of Anatomy, SV Medical College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study was carried out by processing representative samples of fetal suprarenal tissues of 13 weeks, 17 weeks, 24 weeks, 25 weeks and 38 weeks gestational age. While processing, we observed the standard dissection procedure and histopathological tissue processing for the human samples. Results: Peripheral narrower and darker definitive zone or true cortex and an inner wider and lighter fetal zone was observed at 13, 17, 24 weeks with 10x objective. The demarcation between cortex and medulla could be seen clearly at 24 weeks. At 25 weeks capsule is very thick and vascular. A well-differentiated gland tissue with clear demarcation of cortex and medulla and a large central vein was observed. At 38 weeks degeneration of fetal zone with a thick-walled central vein was observed at lower magnification (10x objective) Conclusion: Observations on prenatal microscopic structure and gestational age-related changes in suprarenal glands form the basis for understanding structural changes and a foetal database for the local population.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

What face familiarity feelings say about the lateralization of specific entities within the core system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.

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