Breast-Feeding and Infant Morbidity and Mortality in Developing Countries

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Jose Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Infant Morbidity

Poverty, WIC, and Promotion of Breast-feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-400
Author(s):  
MICHAEL S. KRAMER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Infant Morbidity ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Poor Population

Among the health benefits of breast-feeding, one of the most important is a reduction in infant morbidity and mortality from infectious illnesses. The magnitude of the benefit, however, appears to be conditional on socioeconomic factors. For example, the protective effect is far more striking in developing countries than in developed countries.1,2 Even within developing country settings, poor sanitation, overcrowding, and other concomitants of severe poverty are associated with increased protective effects.3 In countries like the United States, with a sizable poor population, it seems reasonable to assume that infants born in poverty, who experience the highest rates of morbidity and mortality (especially in the postneonatal period), would benefit most from being breast-fed.

The ‘Infant Formula Controversy’: A Notorious Threat to Reason in Matters of Health

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-430
Author(s):  
Charles D. May
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Third World ◽  
Main Issue ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Infant Morbidity ◽  
The Mass Media

Few pediatricians could have spared the time to follow the so-called "infant formula controversy" closely enough to sift out the main issue, nor could much help have come from the confused coverage in the mass media. The infant formula controversy refers to intemperate attacks on those companies marketing prepared infant formulas in Third World countries, in which epithets like "Baby Killers" and "Declaring War on Babies" were broadcast. The agitation behind these outbursts was originally stimulated by a growing concern shared by many that the already frightful infant morbidity and mortality in underdeveloped countries could be aggravated by a decline in prevalence of breast- feeding observed in some regions.

Studying the Birth Outcome in Tikrit Teaching Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Areej Noaman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Healthy Baby ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Healthy Mother

  Background : A successful birth outcome is defined as the birth of a healthy baby to a healthy mother. While relatively low in industrialized world, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality and neonatal deaths occur disproportionately in developing countries. Aim of the Study: To assess birth outcome and identify some risk factors affecting it for achieving favorable birth outcome in Tikrit Teaching Hospital

scholarly journals Breast feeding in developing countries.

BMJ ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 305 (6844) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
J. Koramoa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Feeding

scholarly journals The Impact of RSV-Associated Respiratory Disease on Children in Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 079-088
Author(s):  
Maduja Divarathne ◽  
Rukshan Ahamed ◽  
Faseeha Noordeen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAcute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are leading contributors to the global infectious disease burden, which is estimated to be 112,900,000 disability adjusted life years. Viruses contribute to the etiology of ARTIs in a big way compared with other microorganisms. Since the discovery of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 61 years ago, the virus has been recognized as a major cause of ARTI and hospitalization in children. The morbidity and mortality attributable to RSV infection appear to be higher in infants < 3 months and in those with known risk factors such as prematurity, chronic lung, and congenital heart diseases. Crowded living conditions, exposure to tobacco smoke, and industrial or other types of air pollution also increase the risk of RSV-associated ARTI. Many epidemiological studies have been conducted in developed countries to understand the seasonal patterns and risk factors associated with RSV infections. Dearth of information on RSV-associated morbidity and mortality in Asian and developing countries indicates the need for regional reviews to evaluate RSV-associated disease burden in these countries. Epidemiological studies including surveillance is the key to track the disease burden including risk factors, seasonality, morbidity, and mortality associated with RSV infection in these countries. These data will contribute to improve the clinical diagnosis and plan preventive strategies in resource-limited developing countries.

scholarly journals Role of Brain Natriuretic Peptide assay in identifying children with pneumonia complicated by congestive cardiac failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Wilson E. Sadoh ◽  
Wilson O. Osarogiagbon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Congestive Cardiac Failure ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality

Background: Pneumonia in children is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It is often complicated by Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF), with some of the symptoms similar to those of pneumonia. Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) assay can differentiate cardiac from respiratory-related causes of respiratory distress. Objective: To determine the role of BNP in differentiating isolated pneumonia from pneumonia complicated by CCF. Methods: Over a 12-month period, consecutive children with radiologically-confirmed pneumonia were recruited for the study. Those with complicating CCF were noted. All the children had blood BNP assay done by ELISA, prior to treatment. Biodata was obtained and the children were grouped into those with isolated pneumonia and those with pneumonia complicated by CCF. Results: Fifty children were recruited; of these 26 (52.0%) had isolated pneumonia while 24 (48.0%) had pneumonia with CCF. The median age of the children was 6 months. The median BNP values for the isolated pneumonia group (229.4 ng/l), was significantly lower than that of pneumonia complicated by CCF group (917.3 ng/l); (p = 0.007). ROC showed that a BNP value >550ng/l could identify children with pneumonia complicated with CCF from those with isolated pneumonia with a sensitivity of 70.4% and specificity of 63.4%. Conclusion: A BNP assay prior to treatment of >550ng/l can differentiate children with pneumonia complicated with CCF from those without CCF.

scholarly journals Anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae and rotavirus IgG levels in HIV-positive women do not correlate with maternal status and infant morbidity and mortality

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 795-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Baroncelli ◽  
Clementina Maria Galluzzo ◽  
Giuseppe Liotta ◽  
Mauro Andreotti ◽  
Haswell Jere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Infant Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Status

Executive Summary

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed

Domestic Although the rate of breast-feeding is increasing in the United States, it appears that the rate of increase has been much slower among less well educated and economically disadvantaged women. Relatively little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that affect the decisions to breast-feed or to stop if already breast-feeding. Breast-feeding does appear to decrease an infant's risk of gastrointestinal infection and otitis media. The effect of method of infant feeding on risk of other infections and allergic illness is less certain. International The rate of breast-feeding in developing countries appears to have declined, especially among urban women. Although some sociodemographic correlates of infant-feeding choice have been examined, little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that influence choice and duration of infant-feeding practices. Milk insufficiency, maternal employment, and pregnancy frequently are given as reasons for terminating breast-feeding. Rates of gastrointestinal illness are lower among breast-fed infants and when such illness is an important cause of death, infant mortality from this cause appears to be reduced. A randomized clinical trial carried out among high-risk infants found a significantly lower rate of infections among those given breast milk than those fed with infant formula. The evidence of the effect of breast-feeding on respiratory tract and other infections from other studies was less clear. Direct comparison of the growth of predominately breast-fed v artificially fed infants in the same populations from developing countries generally show faster growth for the breast-fed infants for the first 6 months of life. After 6 months, severe growth faltering occurs regardless of the method of feeding. In communities where the nutritional adequacy of supplementary foods is poor, breast milk is an extremely important, high-quality food during the second half of infancy and beyond.

scholarly journals Prospective of infant morbidity and mortality in mothers of patients from 6 to 59 months admitted in two reference hospitals in Niamey, Niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Sadou Kangaye ◽  
Alido Soumana ◽  
Kamayé Moumouni ◽  
Hassane Ali Mazou ◽  
Hassane Moumouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Infant Morbidity

scholarly journals The role of zinc supplementation for diarrhoea in children: a critical review

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Wulandari Berliani Putri ◽  
Syaefudin Ali Akhmad ◽  
Sufi Desrini
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Study Selection

Background: Nearly 1.7 million children suffer from diarrhoea and around 760,000 die each year. The high prevalence of diarrhoea in the developing countries is closely related to lack of safe drinking water, inadequate sanitation and hygiene, and poor health and nutritional status. These environmental conditions facilitate the spread of infectious disease easily. The great morbidity and mortality of this preventable and treatable disease raise concern on how to save children from this fatal disease by improving management of diarrhoea. Several studies suggest that zinc deficiency contribute towards high morbidity and mortality in diarrhoea. Further, there is an area of uncertainty regarding how significant zinc supplementation will help to reduce the duration and severity of diarrhoea in children compared to the diarrhoea management without zinc? Objective: To critically analyse the current evidences of zinc supplementation in diarrhoea. Data Sources: Keywords searching through MEDLINE Ovid database and additional references from retrieved articles. Study Selection: Limited to randomized controlled trial(RCT) study design and systematic review studies which were conducted from 2006 to 2016. However, there is one prospective cohort study included as it is a follow-up of subjects who participated in the previous double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Data Synthesis: This review involves a summary of 10 articles that have been appraised on their relevance in evaluating the role of zinc in reducing severity and duration of diarrhoea in children. Further, the literature found is synthesised through method used in the studies and the effectiveness of zinc therapy Conclusion: Zinc is relatively safe to be used and it can improve diarrhoea management especially in developing countries. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.190-195

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