Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institute: 60 Years

Neurosurgery ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1016-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christer Lindquist ◽  
Lars Kihlström
Keyword(s):  
Karolinska Institute

Körperliche Beschwerden bei älteren Migranten in Deutschland 1Erstellt unter Mitwirkung der Arbeitsgruppe «Abuse of the Elderly in the European Region» (ABUEL): Joaquim F. J. Soares, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Francisco Torres-González, Departmental Section of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University of Granada, Spain; Elisabeth Ioannidi-Kapolou, National School of Public Health, Department of Sociology, Athens, Greece; Giovanni Lamura, Italian National Research Centre on Ageing Department of Gerontological Research, Unit of Health Economics, Ancona, Italy; Mindaugas Stankunas, Kaunas University of Medicine, Department of Health Management, A. Mickeviciaus, Kaunas, Lithuania; Henrique Barros, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina-Martha Csöff ◽  
Gloria Macassa ◽  
Jutta Lindert
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Management ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Karolinska Institute ◽  
Psychological Medicine ◽  
Körperliche Beschwerden

Körperliche Beschwerden sind bei Älteren weit verbreitet; diese sind bei Migranten bislang in Deutschland und international noch wenig untersucht. Unsere multizentrische Querschnittstudie erfasste körperliche Beschwerden bei Menschen im Alter zwischen 60 und 84 Jahren mit Wohnsitz in Stuttgart anhand der Kurzversion des Gießener Beschwerdebogens (GBB-24). In Deutschland wurden 648 Personen untersucht, davon 13.4 % (n = 87) nicht in Deutschland geborene. Die Geschlechterverteilung war bei Migranten und Nichtmigranten gleich; der sozioökonomische Status lag bei den Migranten etwas niedriger: 8.0 % (n = 7) der Migranten und 2.5 % (n = 14) der Nichtmigranten verfügten über höchstens vier Jahre Schulbildung; 12.6 % (n = 11) der Migranten und 8.2 % (n = 46) der Nichtmigranten hatten ein monatliches Haushaltsnettoeinkommen von unter 1000€; 26.4 % der Migranten und 38.1 % (n = 214) der Nichtmigranten verfügten über mehr als 2000€ monatlich. Somatische Beschwerden lagen bei den Migranten bei 65.5 % (n = 57) und bei den Nichtmigranten bei 55.8 % (n = 313). Frauen wiesen häufiger somatische Beschwerden auf (61.8 %) als Männer (51.8 %). Mit steigendem Alter nahmen somatische Beschwerden zu. Mit Ausnahme der Altersgruppe der 70–74-Jährigen konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Migranten und Nichtmigranten hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit körperlicher Beschwerden gezeigt werden. Ausblick: Es werden dringend bevölkerungsrepräsentative Studien zu körperlichen Beschwerden bei Migranten benötigt.

scholarly journals Estimating the tolerance of brachial plexus to hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy: a modelling-based approach from clinical experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Kapitanova ◽  
Sharmi Biswas ◽  
Sabrina Divekar ◽  
Eric J. Kemmerer ◽  
Robert A. Rostock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Brachial Plexopathy ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Karolinska Institute ◽  
Human Dose

Abstract Background Brachial plexopathy is a potentially serious complication from stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) that has not been widely studied. Therefore, we compared datasets from two different institutions and generated a brachial plexus dose–response model, to quantify what dose constraints would be needed to minimize the effect on normal tissue while still enabling potent therapy for the tumor. Methods Two published SBRT datasets were pooled and modeled from patients at Indiana University and the Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center from 1998 to 2007, as well as the Karolinska Institute from 2008 to 2013. All patients in both studies were treated with SBRT for apically located lung tumors localized superior to the aortic arch. Toxicities were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, and a probit dose response model was created with maximum likelihood parameter fitting. Results This analysis includes a total of 89 brachial plexus maximum point dose (Dmax) values from both institutions. Among the 14 patients who developed brachial plexopathy, the most common complications were grade 2, comprising 7 patients. The median follow-up was 30 months (range 6.1–72.2) in the Karolinska dataset, and the Indiana dataset had a median of 13 months (range 1–71). Both studies had a median range of 3 fractions, but in the Indiana dataset, 9 patients were treated in 4 fractions, and the paper did not differentiate between the two, so our analysis is considered to be in 3–4 fractions, one of the main limitations. The probit model showed that the risk of brachial plexopathy with Dmax of 26 Gy in 3–4 fractions is 10%, and 50% with Dmax of 70 Gy in 3–4 fractions. Conclusions This analysis is only a preliminary result because more details are needed as well as additional comprehensive datasets from a much broader cross-section of clinical practices. When more institutions join the QUANTEC and HyTEC methodology of reporting sufficient details to enable data pooling, our field will finally reach an improved understanding of human dose tolerance.

scholarly journals Placing women in Cytogenetics: Lore Zech and the chromosome banding technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Söhner ◽  
Nils Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Peer Group ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Karolinska Institute ◽  
New Era ◽  
Human Cytogenetics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Witness Interviews

Abstract Background Scholars agree that Torbjörn Caspersson’s lab at the Institute of Medical Cell Research and Genetics at the Karolinska Institute, Sweden, played a key role in the first description of the so-called Q-banding technique. It laid the foundation for a new era of cytogenetic diagnostics and had a lasting impact in several areas of biology and medicine. Methods Based on a mixed-method approach, essential aspects of the history of human cytogenetics are considered via primary and secondary analysis of biographical interviews as well as the qualitative evaluation of bibliometrics. Drawing on interviews with colleagues of lab member Lore Zech (1923–2013) and contemporary publications, this paper illuminates the role of and contribution by Zech: To what extent is the discovery attached to her and what does her legacy look like today? Results The analysis of the contemporary witness interviews with colleagues, students and junior researchers shows that Lore Zech was a committed member of Caspersson's research group. In addition, memoirs by contemporary colleagues describe her outstanding skills in microscopy. The different sources paint a multifaceted picture. In addition to the historians' patterns of interpretation, different legacies can also be found within the peer group. Conclusions We argue that Zech represent the type of scientist who, although her research was acknowledged with several prizes, so far has not been part of the canon of pioneers of international cytogenetics.

The development of echoencephalography in Sweden

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif G. Salford
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Neurosurgical Department ◽  
Karolinska Institute ◽  
Creative Mind ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
Acute Patient ◽  
Winter War

Although neurosurgery has a long history it was thanks to brave pioneering neurosurgeons such as Harvey Cushing in the United States — and in Sweden Herbert Olivecrona — that the speciality made huge progress during the first half of the 20th century. However, around 1950, the possibility to reveal pathological processes taking place inside the closed skull, was still very restricted. The only available rapid procedure was the neurological examination of the patient. X-ray of the skull is of restricted value, pneumo-encephalography was much too complicated and time-consuming for acute situations, and angiography was still in its infancy. Thus the neurosurgeon, receiving an acute patient with a suspected intracranial haematoma, had to make a qualified guess about where to start placing his trephine on the skull in order to save the life of the patient — often within minutes in the case of a bleeding between the skull bone and the dura. The mortality in those days was 40 % , often because the diagnosis was made too late. Thanks to an ingenious Swedish neurosurgeon, Lars Leksell, working at Lund University Hospital, a new approach to reveal the secrets inside the skull was introduced in clinical praxis — echoencephalography. Lars Leksell graduated from the Karolinska Institute (KI) and received his neurosurgical training in Herbert Olivecrona’s department from 1935. He volunteered as a neurosurgeon in the Finnish winter war in 1940 in Karelia. His team could operate on 24 head injuries per 24 hours and already by this point, Leksell showed his creative mind in constructing the double-action rongeur for more efficient removal of shell-splinters from the vicinity of the spinal cord. In 1941 he joined Professor Ragnar Granit (1967 Nobel laureate in Medicine) at the Institute of Neurophysiology where he presented his thesis on gamma nerve fibres in 1945. In 1946 he became the chief of the new neurosurgical unit in Lund and in 1958 he was appointed the first Professor of Neurosurgery at Lund University. In 1960 he succeeded Olivecrona as Professor and Chairman of the Neurosurgical Department at the Karolinska Institute/Hospital.

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