PHYSIOLOGIC HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA AND HEMOLYSIS OF ERYTHROCYTES BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SOLUTION IN THE NEWBORN: INVESTIGATION OF A POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Jo-Anne E. Richards ◽  
Richard B. Goldbloom ◽  
Ronald L. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Relative Deficiency

Forty-three full-term infants have been studied with respect to hemolysis of erythrocytes in solutions of hydrogen peroxide and concentrations of bilirubin in the serum. Mean values for concentration of bilirubin in the serum and percentage of hemolysis followed similar patterns in the first few days of life. However, statistical analysis of the data in individual cases showed no significant correlation between the degree of hemolysis in solutions of hydrogen peroxide and the concentrations of bilirubin in the serum. Administration of vitamin E prevented an increase in hemolysis of erythrocytes in solutions of hydrogen peroxide but failed to produce any significant change in concentrations of bilirubin as compared with the control group. The evidence suggests that the relative deficiency of vitamin E which exists in most newborn infants does not play a part in the causation or maintenance of physiologic hyperbilirubinemia. The clinical significance of increased hemolysis of the erythrocytes of the newborn infant in solutions of hydrogen peroxide remains a mystery. Possible approaches to the clarification of this problem are suggested.

The Platelet of the Newborn Infant – Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism and Release

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 099-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Whaun ◽  
P Lievaart ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism

SummaryBlood from normal full term infants, mothers and normal adults was collected in citrate. Citrated platelet-rich plasma was prelabelled with 3H-adenine and reacted with release inducers, collagen and adrenaline. Adenine nucleotide metabolism, total adenine nucleotide levels and changes in sizes of these pools were determined in platelets from these three groups of subjects.At rest, the platelet of the newborn infant, compared to that of the mother and normal adult, possessed similar amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 4.6 ± 0.2 (SD), 5.0 ± 1.1, 4.9 ± 0.6 µmoles ATP/1011 platelets respectively, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 2.4 ± 0.7, 2.8 ± 0.6, 3.0 ± 0.3 umoles ADP/1011 platelets respectively. However the marked elevation of specific radioactivity of ADP and ATP in these resting platelets indicated the platelet of the neonate has decreased adenine nucleotide stores.In addition to these decreased stores of adenine nucleotides, infant platelets showed significantly impaired release of ADP and ATP on exposure to collagen. The release of ADP in infants, mothers, and other adults was 0.9 ± 0.5 (SD), 1.5 ± 0.5, 1.5 ± 0.1 umoles/1011 platelets respectively; that of ATP was 0.6 ± 0.3, 1.0 ± 0.1,1.3 ± 0.2 µmoles/1011 platelets respectively. With collagen-induced release, platelets of newborn infants compared to those of other subjects showed only slight increased specific radioactivities of adenine nucleotides over basal levels. The content of metabolic hypoxanthine, a breakdown product of adenine nucleotides, increased in both platelets and plasma in all subjects studied.In contrast, with adrenaline as release inducer, the platelets of the newborn infant showed no adenine nucleotide release, no change in total ATP and level of radioactive hypoxanthine, and minimal change in total ADP. The reason for this decreased adrenaline reactivity of infant platelets compared to reactivity of adult platelets is unknown.Infant platelets may have different membranes, with resulting differences in regulation of cellular processes, or alternatively, may be refractory to catecholamines because of elevated levels of circulating catecholamines in the newborn period.

scholarly journals Developmental Features of Corpus Callosum in Children Revealed by MRI

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel A. Zykin ◽  
Anatolij N. Yalfimof ◽  
Timofey A. Aleksandrov ◽  
Elena I. Krasnoshchekova ◽  
Lyubov A. Tkachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Developmental Features

With the wide use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical practice, more attention is paid to corpus callosum hypoplasia in children with various central nervous system diseases, including the cerebral palsy. We compared the areas of corpus callosum segments on the mid-sagittal MR images of the children with cerebral palsy and a control group; full-term infants and preterm infants. During the postnatal development, overall callosum area naturally increases, but single segments change differently in both absolute and relative values. In the control group, the relative area of the splenium grew insignificantly, whereas for the genu, it was stable. Children with cerebral palsy also show age-specific growth, but the area of corpus callosum is smaller compared with equal age children in the control group. We found an increased relative area of corpus callosum genu and a decrease of anterior body and splenium in the cerebral palsy group compared with the control group. The kCC index shows higher values in the control group than in any age subgroup of children with cerebral palsy. Mean values for the control group steadily increase with age, whereas in the cerebral palsy group, they remain the same. For every age-specific group, the difference of kCC was statistically significant. Mean kCC index values depend on gestational age and are statistically lower in preterm infants compared with full-term infants. Selective corpus callosum hypoplasia found in the current research could be due to Wallerian degeneration or a decreased number of axons in some of its segments. This could be explained by the disruption of neurogenesis in certain cortical areas. The morphometric index kCC can be used to detect deviations in the corpus callosum structure associated with prematurity and cerebral palsy.

Studies of Tocopherol Deficiency in Infants and Children: I. Hemolysis of Erythrocytes in Hydrogen Peroxide

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-502
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Hemolysis Test ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Normal Adults ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
In Infants And Children

The question of the essentiality of vitamin E in the diet has been the object of study for many years. Recently a method has become available for estimation of tocopherol (vitamin E) in the blood through its prevention of hemolysis of erythrocytes by hydrogen peroxide. The method is applicable to 0.2 ml. of blood. The hemolysis test was applied to the blood of 282 normal full-term newborn infants and 67 premature infants. Additional determinations were performed in young well babies who had been born at term and others born prematurely ranging in age from a few days to approximately 3 months. The test was also applied to blood obtained from a variety of diseases including examples of steatorrhea. A large proportion of the normal newborn and premature infants showed more than 50 per cent hemolysis as compared with normal adults in which hemolysis is uniformly less than 10 per cent. Administration of tocopherol in those tested led to prompt reversal of the test in newborns and prematures to values comparable to those found in adults. Infants fed cows' milk formulae showed significantly less hemolysis at an average age of 7 weeks and infants who were breast fed showed still less hemolysis at the same average age. Infants and children with steatorrhea showed increased hemolysis which could be reversed by administration of tocopherol. Significant hemolysis was not found in the infants and children with a variety of other diseases. The significance of these findings is discussed and a cautious attitude is expressed towards taking these results to indicate the desirability of supplementing the diets of artifically fed infants with tocopherol.

scholarly journals Effect of Four Bleaching Regimens on Color Changes and Microhardness of Dental Nanofilled Composite

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Xavier Silva Costa ◽  
Anne Buss Becker ◽  
Alessandra Nara de Souza Rastelli ◽  
Leonor de Castro Monteiro Loffredo ◽  
Marcelo Ferrarezi de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cielab Color

Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the color changes and microhardness of a nanocomposite after four bleaching regimens.Materials. Twenty-five specimens(n=25)were made with a nanocomposite resin (Filtek Supreme XT). The specimens were divided into five groups equally(n=5): bleaching groups and control group, as follows: G1: artificial saliva at37∘C; (control) G2: hydrogen peroxide (HP) at 7%; G3: hydrogen peroxide (HP) at 35%; G4: carbamide peroxide (CP) at 10%; G5: carbamide peroxide (CP) 35%. Color measurements were made with spectrophotometer using CIELAB color scale. The Vickers hardness (VHN) measurements were performed at the top surface. The data were analyzed with two-way Analysis of Variance.Results.ΔE and VHN mean values into the groups were not statistically different, however, the VHN mean values before and after storage and bleaching showed statistically significant differences.Conclusion. Nanocomposite samples showed no significant alteration (color and microhardness) after bleaching. Thus, no replacement of restorations is required after bleaching.

scholarly journals Study of Neuropeptide Substance P as A Marker of Pain in Newborn Infant

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1615-1620
Author(s):  
Safaa ELMeneza ◽  
Iman ElBagoury ◽  
Enas Tawfik ◽  
Amel Tolba
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Physiological Parameter ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: Prolonged and repeated untreated pain in newborn infant may produce a relatively permanent adverse long-term sequela. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role for neuropeptides substance P (SP) as neurochemical pain marker in newborn infants in order to decrease unnecessary use of analgesics and protect the developing brain. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 60 newborn infants. They were assigned to four groups, control preterm, sick preterm, control full term, and sick full term. All neonates were subjected to estimation of pain through neonatal infants pain score (NIPS) as well as Neuropeptide SP on the 1st and 5th day of life. The NIPS addresses five behavioral parameters (facial expression, crying, arm movement, leg movement, and state arousal) and one physiological parameter (breathing pattern). Results were further evaluated according to nature of the procedures; invasive and non-invasive procedures. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the severity of pain score among the sick preterm and full-term infants after invasive procedures. There was a significant increase in SP in the sick preterm group than the control preterm on the 1st and 5th day of life; p were =0.003 and = 0.037, while full-term infants showed significant increase on the 5th day; p = 0.005. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in SP values between the preterm and full-term infants on the 1st and 5th day of life. SP increased significantly after invasive procedures than noninvasive procedures in the sick full-term and sick preterm infants weather in the 1st or 5th day of life. There was a significant correlation between the pain score NIPS and SP level on the 1st day of life. CONCLUSION: SP can be used as pain marker in sick preterm and full-term newborn infants. It showed increase with invasive procedures, acute and chronic pain.

scholarly journals Effects of flunixin and florfenicol combined with vitamins E and/or C on selected immune mechanisms in cattle under conditions of adaptive stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Renata Urban-Chmiel ◽  
Rafał Stachura ◽  
Piotr Hola ◽  
Andrzej Puchalski ◽  
Marta Dec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Integrin Receptors ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
Vitamins E And C ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intracellular Metabolism

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of flunixin and florfenicol administered in combination with vitamin E or C on selected leukocyte immune mechanisms and on the inflammatory process during the first few weeks in the feedlot. Fifty calves divided into 5 groups (n = 10) received florfenicol and flunixin with vitamin E or C. Blood was collected on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th d of the experiment. Intracellular metabolism (NBT), apoptosis, chemotaxis, susceptibility to M. haemolytica leukotoxin, and expression of β2-integrins were determined in leukocytes. The symptoms of respiratory tract infection were observed in 40% of calves in control group, while in the other groups the morbidity rate ranged from 10% to 20%. Leukocytes showed decreased NBT, and the mean values for apoptosis ranged from 14% to 24%. The lowest percentage of apoptotic cells was observed in the calves that received florfenicol with flunixin and vitamins E and C. The chemotactic activity confirmed the significant inhibitory effect of the preparations on migration of the cells. A significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the susceptibility of leukocytes to leukotoxin was noted in the group that received florfenicol and flunixin with vitamin E. Expression of β2-integrin receptors was the lowest in calves receiving florfenicol with flunixin and vitamin E or C. The application of an antibiotic and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antioxidants protected the leukocytes involved in defence against M. haemolytica virulence factors and effectively limited oxidative stress in the calves.

VITAMIN E LEVELS IN TERM AND PREMATURE NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
WINFIELD T. MOYER
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Premature Newborn

Evidence has been presented to show that: 1. The average vitamin E level in plasma or serum at birth is .23 mg./100 cc. with wide variations in both term and premature infants regardless of birth weight. 2. The average level of vitamin E in cord blood is equal to the average level of the infant's blood taken within the first 24 hours, although in any one case they may vary as much as 50% to 75%. 3. The vitamin E level in term infants appears to be higher after five days, averaging .36 mg./100 cc. 4. The vitamin E level in premature infants does not increase for two months. Between three and six months of age it increased to an average of .50 mg./100 cc.

MEASUREMENT OF ACTIVITY OF TRANSAMINASES IN THE SERUM AS AN AID IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF JAUNDICE IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-600
Author(s):  
Simon Kove ◽  
Stanley Goldstein ◽  
Felix Wróblewski
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Serial Measurements

Measurements of transaminases in the serum have proven of value in the diagnosis of hepatic diseases in adults. It therefore seemed of interest to apply these techniques to the newborn infant. To establish the normal range of the activity of these enzymes in the serum for the neonatal period, studies were made of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in 63 normal newborn term infants for the first week of life. It was found that values for the activity of GPT up to 90 units must be considered physiologic for this early neonatal period. This compares to a physiologic neonatal range of activity up to 120 units for glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), found in a previous investigation on these same infants. Thus the range of activity for these two enzymes in newborn infants is somewhat greater than that of adults in whom values up to 45 units for both enzymes are considered normal. In neonatal physiologic jaundice the degree of hyperbilirubinemia did not affect the activity of GPT, as was also the case, from previous studies, with respect to GOT. Serial determinations of the activity of GOT and GPT were also made in a small number of infants with jaundice due to pathologic conditions to determine the value of this test in the differential diagnosis of jaundice of unknown origin in the newborn infant. It was found that in hemolytic disease of the newborn, activity of these enzymes usually remains within the normal neonatal range. In very severe hemolysis, activity of GOT may be increased to about 300 to 400 units, temporarily, although activity of GPT remains within the normal neonatal range. In neonatal biliary obstruction there is a sustained increase of activity of transaminase in the serum which may reach values up to about 800 units for the duration of the obstruction, whether it be temporary, as in the "inspissated bile syndrome" or protracted, as in atresia of the bile ducts. It would appear that serial measurements of the transaminases in the serum may be of distinct diagnostic value in jaundice of unknown origin in the neonatal period, and it is suggested that this procedure be included in the investigation of a clinical problem involving this syndrome.

scholarly journals Use of Clinical Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide in Esthetic Improvement of Fluorotic Human Incisors in vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Shanbhag ◽  
R Veena ◽  
Girish Nanjannawar ◽  
Jaykumar Patil ◽  
Santosh Hugar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Partial Shade

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate esthetic improvement with the use of 35% hydrogen peroxide clinical bleaching as related to the different grades of enamel fluorosis in vivo and to study adverse effect of clinical bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide on teeth and gingiva. Materials and methods A total of 60 children of different grades of fluorosis were included in the study. With 35% hydrogen peroxide-based dual activated bleaching system, in-office vital teeth bleaching was carried out for each subject. Clinical evaluation for improvement in esthetics, effect on teeth and gingiva were performed for each child during preoperative, immediate postoperative and later 6 months postoperative period. For evaluation and comparison, all the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results Although in all the subjects, partial shade relapse was seen over a period of time, good homogeneous and esthetic results were seen in very mild and mild cases. A total of 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleaching has no adverse effect on teeth and gingiva. Conclusion Comparing all the three groups who participated in the study, 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleaching seems to be very effective in very mild and mild forms of fluorosis. Clinical significance In very mild and mild forms of fluorosis, in-office vital tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide is the most conservative and effective approach in esthetic improvement. How to cite this article Shanbhag R, Veena R, Nanjannawar G, Patil J, Hugar S, Vagrali H. Use of Clinical Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide in Esthetic Improvement of Fluorotic Human Incisors in vivo. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2): 208-216.

The Frequency of Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia in High Risk Newborn Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-936
Author(s):  
Richard Guthrie ◽  
G. Van leeuwen ◽  
Linda Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Serial Blood ◽  
Normal Term ◽  
High Risk Infants

Serial blood glucose determinations were performed on 109 high risk and 25 normal term infants. Eight of these risk infants (7.3%) had at least two glucose determinations of less than 20 mg/100 ml; 20 (18%) had at least one determination less than 20 mg/100 ml. Although no documented clinical significance of transient asymptomatic hypoglycemia is known to date, it occurs very frequently in high risk infants. Therefore, we advocate that the current practice of very early oral or intravascular feeding in risk infants be continued.

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