DIVERGENCE OF SKIN PULSE AND SYSTEMIC HEART-RATE IN BABOON RECEIVED LD100 DOSE OF E. COLI

Shock ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
ALVIN C.K. CHANG ◽  
ANGUO LI ◽  
GLEN PEER ◽  
DAVID CAREY ◽  
PHILLIP A. HADDAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Systemic Heart

Plasma catecholamines during E. coli bacteremia in conscious rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. R470-R477 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Jones ◽  
M. V. Westfall ◽  
M. M. Sayeed
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Fasted, conscious male rats, prepared with arterial and venous cannulas, were given doses (10(10)-10(11) organisms/kg) of live Escherichia coli bacteria. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded, and arterial plasma samples were taken preinjection and at 30, 180, and 360 min after bacterial administration. Plasma was analyzed for lactate, glucose, norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (E). Rats given E. coli were normotensive but with significant tachycardia (P less than 0.05 vs. saline). Plasma NE and E levels increased severalfold during bacteremia (P less than 0.05 for all comparisons). Rats were euglycemic but had a sixfold increase in lactate 6 h (P less than 0.05) after E. coli treatment. Additional rats were subjected to the same protocol but had been made tolerant to bacterial endotoxin by multiple injections over the course of several days. Endotoxin-tolerant rats were also tolerant to live E. coli administration (P less than 0.05, 24 h survival) and had significantly reduced levels of E and NE at 6 h compared with nontolerant bacteremic rats (P less than 0.05). Increases in heart rate and plasma lactate were not significant in endotoxin-tolerant rats. These results suggest profound sympathetic activation during acute bacteremia with attenuated activation in endotoxin-tolerant rats. Tolerance appears to reduce the afferent stimuli that are presumably activated during the course of bacteremia.

Participation of central alpha-receptors on hemodynamic response to E. coli endotoxin

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (4) ◽  
pp. R655-R662
Author(s):  
S. Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Alpha Receptors ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The time course of changes in mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR), and renal blood flow (RBF) in a control group of anesthetized dogs given only endotoxin (1 mg/kg iv) was compared with groups pretreated with alpha-antagonists either intravenously or intracisternally (ic). The decreases in MBP and RBF in the control group were abolished by intracisternal prazosin (0.1 mg/kg ic). MBP response to endotoxin after intravenous prazosin did not differ from that of the control group; however, the endotoxin-induced decrease in RBF after intravenous prazosin was significantly greater than that in the control group. HR responses to endotoxin were not altered by either intracisternal or intravenous prazosin. MBP and RBF responses to endotoxin after intravenous or intracisternal yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg iv or ic) did not differ from the control responses. However, significant differences occurred in the time course of changes in HR only when yohimbine was administered intracisternally. These observations suggest that the hypotensive effect and reduction of RBF due to endotoxin may be mediated by alpha 1-adrenoceptors at least in the central nervous system and that of HR response may be mediated alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

Respiratory and cardiac function during exercise in squid

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Shadwick ◽  
Ronald K. O'Dor ◽  
John M. Gosline
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Loligo Opalescens ◽  
Systemic Heart ◽  
Ventilatory Volume

We investigated the cardiorespiratory performance of the squid Loligo opalescens at rest and during jet locomotion while tethered in an aquarium or while swimming in a Brett respirometer at speeds ranging from 0.05 to 0.6 m∙s−1. Simultaneous records of systemic heart rate and ventilatory frequency at each swimming speed were used with data for oxygen consumption to calculate the cardiac output and stroke volume. For a squid of mean weight 0.03 kg and length 0.18 m the resting heart rate averaged 60/min, the ventilatory rate was 26/min, and the calculated stroke volume was 0.05 mL (0.9 mL∙g heart−1) at 12 °C. During exercise the increased oxygen demand was accommodated by increases in both heart rate and stroke volume of almost 100% at the critical swimming speed of about 0.34 m∙s−1. Concomitant increases in the ventilation rate (350%) and ventilatory volume (500%) due to the requirements of jet locomotion were much greater than needed to deliver oxygen to the gills. At rest the oxygen extraction from the respiratory stream was 11%, and this declined to 5% at the critical swimming speed. The possibility that mechanical coupling of the circulatory and respiratory pumps may occur during jet swimming is examined.

scholarly journals Clinical aspects of experimental peritonitis in horses

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Cláudio Nogueira Mendes ◽  
Luiz Carlos Marques ◽  
Ruben Pablo Schocken Iturrino ◽  
Fernando Antônio de Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Pure Cultures

Sixteen adult horses were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (GI, GII, GIII and GIV) of 4 animals and each group was injected intraperitoneally with one of the following suspension: GI (100 x 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU) of Escherichia coli diluted in 500ml of 0.9% saline); GII (100 x 10(7) CFU of Bacteroides fragilis in 500ml of 0.9% saline); GIII (100 x 10(7) CFU of E. coli in combination with 100 x 10(7) CFU of B. fragilis in 500ml of 0.9% saline); GIV (500ml of 0.9% saline). Abdominal wall sensitivity to external pressure and tension, diarrhea, decreased intestinal sounds and increased of heart rate were the clinical signs more frequently observed in inoculated horses. Horses inoculated with pure cultures of either E. coli or B. fragilis demonstrated mild and self-limiting peritonitis, while those inoculated with the combination of both bacteria demonstrated clinical signs of higher intensity and duration.

Control of the systemic heart and the portal heart of Myxine glutinosa

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Johnsson ◽  
M Axelsson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Myxine Glutinosa ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Output Pressure ◽  
In Situ Perfusion ◽  
Adrenoceptor Antagonist ◽  
Heart Preparation ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions ◽  
Systemic Heart

The effects of preload and afterload on the performance of the systemic heart of the hagfish Myxine glutinosa were investigated before and during sotalol treatment using an in situ perfusion technique. Elevation of input pressure (preload) increased flow by means of increased stroke volume and heart rate in accordance with Starling's law of the heart, while increased output pressure (afterload) decreased flow mainly because of decreased stroke volume. Treatment with the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist sotalol did not change the quality of the responses to increased preload or afterload, although power output decreased by 40 % and flow rate was reduced by 35 % mainly due to a decrease in heart rate. Isolated preparations of the systemic heart and the portal heart provided information on the chronotropic effects of different agonists and antagonists. Both the systemic heart and the portal heart were insensitive to adrenergic and cholinergic agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone and the cholinoceptor antagonist atropine. Sotalol treatment lowered the rate of spontaneous contractions by 30 % in the systemic heart preparation and by 21 % in the portal heart preparation. This study has given further evidence for the existence of a tonic beta-adrenoceptor stimulation of the hagfish systemic heart and portal heart, and demonstrated the importance of that stimulation in maintaining systemic heart performance.

Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

Ribosome Structural Organization

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
James A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Complete Sequences

The understanding of ribosome structure has advanced considerably in the last several years. Biochemists have characterized the constituent proteins and rRNA's of ribosomes. Complete sequences have been determined for some ribosomal proteins and specific antibodies have been prepared against all E. coli small subunit proteins. In addition, a number of naturally occuring systems of three dimensional ribosome crystals which are suitable for structural studies have been observed in eukaryotes. Although the crystals are, in general, too small for X-ray diffraction, their size is ideal for electron microscopy.

Sites of Adsorption of the Bacteriophages T3 and T5 on the Wall of Escherichia Coli B.

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Manfred E. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall ◽  
Host Cell Surface ◽  
Bacterial Viruses ◽  
Escherichia Coli B

Bacterial viruses adsorb specifically to receptors on the host cell surface. Although the chemical composition of some of the cell wall receptors for bacteriophages of the T-series has been described and the number of receptor sites has been estimated to be 150 to 300 per E. coli cell, the localization of the sites on the bacterial wall has been unknown.When logarithmically growing cells of E. coli are transferred into a medium containing 20% sucrose, the cells plasmolize: the protoplast shrinks and becomes separated from the somewhat rigid cell wall. When these cells are fixed in 8% Formaldehyde, post-fixed in OsO4/uranyl acetate, embedded in Vestopal W, then cut in an ultramicrotome and observed with the electron microscope, the separation of protoplast and wall becomes clearly visible, (Fig. 1, 2). At a number of locations however, the protoplasmic membrane adheres to the wall even under the considerable pull of the shrinking protoplast. Thus numerous connecting bridges are maintained between protoplast and cell wall. Estimations of the total number of such wall/membrane associations yield a number of about 300 per cell.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Use of Uranium-Labeled Antibodies for Electron Microscopic Localization of Various Antigens in Mammalian Cells

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
J. P. Petrali ◽  
E. J. Donati ◽  
L. A. Sternberger
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Specific Antiserum ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membranes ◽  
Viral Progeny ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Electron Microscopic Localization

Specific contrast is conferred to subcellular antigen by applying purified antibodies, exhaustively labeled with uranium under immunospecific protection, to ultrathin sections. Use of Seligman’s principle of bridging osmium to metal via thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) intensifies specific contrast. Ultrathin sections of osmium-fixed materials were stained on the grid by application of 1) thiosemicarbazide (TSC), 2) unlabeled specific antiserum, 3) uranium-labeled anti-antibody and 4) TCH followed by reosmication. Antigens to be localized consisted of vaccinia antigen in infected HeLa cells, lysozyme in monocytes of patients with monocytic or monomyelocytic leukemia, and fibrinogen in the platelets of these leukemic patients. Control sections were stained with non-specific antiserum (E. coli).In the vaccinia-HeLa system, antigen was localized from 1 to 3 hours following infection, and was confined to degrading virus, the inner walls of numerous organelles, and other structures in cytoplasmic foci. Surrounding architecture and cellular mitochondria were unstained. 8 to 14 hours after infection, antigen was localized on the outer walls of the viral progeny, on cytoplasmic membranes, and free in the cytoplasm. Staining of endoplasmic reticulum was intense and focal early, and weak and diffuse late in infection.

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