EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF NUTRACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS ADDED TO EZETIMIBE TREATMENT IN HYPERTENSIVE AND HYPER–CHOLESTEROLEMIC SUBJECTS WITH STATIN–INTOLERANCE

Roses are the most important commercial ornamental plants grown for flowers, perfumery and nutraceutical compounds. Commercially cultivated roses (Rosa × hybrida L.) are complex interspecific hybrids probably derived from 8-10 wild species among the large diversity of 130-200 species in genus Rosa. Wild germplasm is a primary source of variability and plays a major role in improving existing varieties by broadening their genetic base. In the present investigation, we have utilized the previously identified SSR primers for studying the diversity among 148 selected rose genotypes, including wild species and cultivated varieties of Indian and exotic origin. A total of 88 alleles was scored using 30 polymorphic loci; they produced average 2.9±1 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values for different SSR loci ranged from 0.08 to 0.8 with a mean value of 0.5±0.2. The neighbor-joining tree generated based on Nei’s (1978) genetic distance values grouped the population into three major clusters. Cluster-I and II consists of all modern rose cultivars (Rosa × hybrida L.) originated from India and cluster-III consists of all exotic cultivars, wild species and a few cultivars from India. STRUCTURE analysis based on microsatellite allelic data, partitioned the total rose genotypes into four different sub-populations with some individual genotypes having genomic admixture. Population subdivision estimates, FST between different subpopulations ranged from 0.01-0.15 indicates low to moderate level of divergence existing among the rose cultivars and germplasm. Population differentiation in rose cultivars and wild species corresponds to their geographical origin and lineages. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results revealed that 83.12 % of the variance was accounted for by within sub-groups followed by significant levels of variation among the populations (10.42%) and least variance (6.46%) was noticed among individuals within groups.

Download Full-text

Nutraceuticals from Marine Bionetworks

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401314666180109153825 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 338-344

Author(s):

Abhitav Tiwari ◽

Shambhawi Pritam ◽

Keerti Mishra ◽

Mehshara Khan ◽

Neeraj Upmanyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplements ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Nutraceutical Compounds ◽

Potential Sources ◽

Immense Potential ◽

Potential Use

“Nutrition” and “Pharmaceutical” together build up the perception of “Nutraceuticals” that refer to the food or dietary supplements that help to incorporate additional health benefits to the fundamental sustenance accomplished on daily basis. Each nutraceutical contains one or more bioactive molecules that are usually obtained by chemical and/ or biotechnological synthesis or by extraction from natural sources. Among the natural sources, marine bionetwork possess immense potential for the presence of bioactive compounds. Some of these bioactive compounds as isolated from marine sources, have potential use as nutraceuticals. This mini review provides a brief overview of nutraceutical compounds from marine sources that are currently under research and/or have been commercialized. A detailed discussion on the biochemical categories of compounds and the marine organisms that play as potential sources of these bioactive nutraceutical compounds have been included.

Download Full-text

An Overview of Nano formulated Nutraceuticals and its therapeutic approaches

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401316999200901120458 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Shaoli De ◽

Agraharam Gopikrishna ◽

Vedhantham Keerthana ◽

Agnishwar Girigoswami ◽

Koyeli Girigoswami

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Food Habits ◽

Health Effect ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Nutraceutical Compounds ◽

Current Review ◽

The People ◽

Lifestyle Diseases ◽

Herbal Formulations

Background: Economic development and vast changes in food habits have accelerated the consumption of junk foods which are the leading causes of several disorders that turns majority of the people to use various herbal formulations or drugs for preventing various lifestyle diseases. Nutraceuticals are the borderline apparatus between nutrients and drugs that provides supplementation of particular nutrient with favorable health effect. Objective: Various nutraceutical compounds like vitamins, spices, polyphenols, prebiotics and probiotics in the form of powders, tablets, capsules are currently marketed globally. Among them previous literatures have reported that polyphenols are the most promising compounds that have been proven to treat various chronic diseases like cancer, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, dyslipidemia, multiple sclerosis, congenital anomalies, Alzheimer’s disease, etc. It is warranted to discuss about the benefits of nanoformulations of nutraceuticals. Methods: We have searched PubMed using the keywords nutraceuticals, nanoformulations, therapeutic approaches, bionanotechnology, and therapeutics. The relevant papers and classical papers in this field were selected to write this review. Results and Discussion: The different classifications of nutraceuticals were elaborately described in this review. The comparison between the different categories of nutraceuticals with their nanoformulated forms was done explaining the benefits of nanoformulations regarding stability, bioavailability, enhanced antioxidant properties etc. A glimpse on the drawbacks of nanoformulations were also included. Conclusion: The current review highlights an overview of various nanoformulated nutraceuticals and its approach towards the treatment of multiple diseases.

Download Full-text

Simple Equations Pertaining to the Particle Number and Surface Area of Metallic, Polymeric, Lipidic and Vesicular Nanocarriers

Scientia Pharmaceutica ◽

10.3390/scipharm89020015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

M. R. Mozafari ◽

E. Mazaheri ◽

K. Dormiani

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Surface Area ◽

Particle Number ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Metallic Particles ◽

Nutraceutical Compounds ◽

Mathematical Formulas ◽

Simple Equations

Introduction: Bioactive encapsulation and drug delivery systems have already found their way to the market as efficient therapeutics to combat infections, viral diseases and different types of cancer. The fields of food fortification, nutraceutical supplementation and cosmeceuticals have also been getting the benefit of encapsulation technologies. Aim: Successful formulation of such therapeutic and nutraceutical compounds requires thorough analysis and assessment of certain characteristics including particle number and surface area without the need to employ sophisticated analytical techniques. Solution: Here we present simple mathematical formulas and equations used in the research and development of drug delivery and controlled release systems employed for bioactive encapsulation and targeting the sites of infection and cancer in vitro and in vivo. Systems covered in this entry include lipidic vesicles, polymeric capsules, metallic particles as well as surfactant- and tocopherol-based micro- and nanocarriers.

Download Full-text

Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress, cAMP Signalling and Apoptosis: A Crossroads in Lymphocytes of Multiple Sclerosis, a Possible Role of Nutraceutics

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Anna Signorile ◽

Anna Ferretta ◽

Maddalena Ruggieri ◽

Damiano Paolicelli ◽

Paolo Lattanzio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Main Role ◽

Apoptosis Resistance ◽

Nutraceutical Compounds ◽

Camp Pathway ◽

Central Nervous Systems ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory and neurodegenerative chronic disease that involves the immune and central nervous systems (CNS). The pathogenesis involves the loss of blood–brain barrier integrity, resulting in the invasion of lymphocytes into the CNS with consequent tissue damage. The MS etiology is probably a combination of immunological, genetic, and environmental factors. It has been proposed that T lymphocytes have a main role in the onset and propagation of MS, leading to the inflammation of white matter and myelin sheath destruction. Cyclic AMP (cAMP), mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress exert a role in the alteration of T lymphocytes homeostasis and are involved in the apoptosis resistance of immune cells with the consequent development of autoimmune diseases. The defective apoptosis of autoreactive lymphocytes in patients with MS, allows these cells to perpetuate, within the CNS, a continuous cycle of inflammation. In this review, we discuss the involvement in MS of cAMP pathway, mitochondria, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and their interaction in the alteration of T lymphocytes homeostasis. In addition, we discuss a series of nutraceutical compounds that could influence these aspects.

Download Full-text

Microalgal carotenoids: Potential nutraceutical compounds with chemotaxonomic importance

Algal Research ◽

10.1016/j.algal.2016.01.017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 24-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Chetan Paliwal ◽

Tonmoy Ghosh ◽

Basil George ◽

Imran Pancha ◽

Rahulkumar Maurya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutraceutical Compounds

Download Full-text

Use of NBD-cholesterol to identify a minor but NPC1L1-independent cholesterol absorption pathway in mouse intestine

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00392.2010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 300 (1) ◽

pp. G164-G169 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Michelle R. Adams ◽

Eddy Konaniah ◽

James G. Cash ◽

David Y. Hui

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Cholesterol Absorption ◽

Intestinal Lumen ◽

Cholesterol Transport ◽

Cholesteryl Esters ◽

Main Function ◽

Absorption Mechanism ◽

Ezetimibe Treatment ◽

Niemann Pick ◽

A Minor

The importance of Niemann-Pick C1 Like-1 (NPC1L1) protein in intestinal absorption of dietary sterols, including both cholesterol and phytosterols, is well documented. However, the exact mechanism by which NPC1L1 facilitates cholesterol transport remains controversial. This study administered 22-( N(-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-23,24-bisnor-5-cholen-3β-ol (NBD-cholesterol) and [3H]cholesterol to Npc1l1+/+ and Npc1l1−/− mice to determine whether NPC1L1 facilitates dietary sterol uptake by enterocytes and/or participates in intracellular sterol delivery to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for lipoprotein assembly before secretion into plasma circulation. Results showed that [3H]cholesterol absorption was reduced but not abolished in Npc1l1−/− mice compared with Npc1l1+/+ mice. In the presence of Pluronic L-81 to block pre-chylomicron exit from the ER, significant amounts of [3H]cholesterol were found to be associated with lipid droplets in the intestinal mucosa of both Npc1l1+/+ and Npc1l1−/− mice, and the intracellular [3H]cholesterol can be esterified to cholesteryl esters. These results provided evidence indicating that the main function of NPC1L1 is to promote cholesterol uptake from the intestinal lumen but that it is not necessary for intracellular cholesterol transport to the ER. Surprisingly, NBD-cholesterol was taken up by intestinal mucosa, esterified to NBD-cholesteryl esters, and transported to plasma circulation to similar extent between Npc1l1+/+ and Npc1l1−/− mice. Ezetimibe treatment also had no impact on NBD-cholesterol absorption by Npc1l1+/+ mice. Thus, NBD-cholesterol absorption proceeds through an NPC1L1-independent and ezetimibe-insensitive sterol absorption mechanism. Taken together, these results indicate that NBD-cholesterol can be used to trace the alternative cholesterol absorption pathway but is not suitable for tracking NPC1L1-mediated cholesterol absorption.

Download Full-text