Childhood IQ, Social Class, Deprivation, and Their Relationships with Mortality and Morbidity Risk in Later Life: Prospective Observational Study Linking the Scottish Mental Survey 1932 and the Midspan Studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole L. Hart ◽  
Michelle D. Taylor ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Lawrence J. Whalley ◽  
John M. Starr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity Risk

scholarly journals A prospective observational study to describe magnetic resonance imaging findings in perinatal asphyxia in terms of severity, outcome and neurological sequel in term and preterm babies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Tanushree Mondal ◽  
Gargi Gayen ◽  
Arijit Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Neurological Sequel

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is a significant cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. MRI is useful for assessing the severity and pattern of brain injuries. There is less data of MRI findings of perinatal asphyxia from India and the subcontinents. This prospective observational study was done to describe MRI brain findings in neonates with perinatal asphyxia with respect to various determinants.Methods:  Initial MRI brain was done when babies were stable after fulfilling inclusion criteria. Immediate outcome was assessed at the end of hospital stay. They were followed up for presence of any sequel up to 1 year. Repeat MRI brain was done in few selected babies. Data was collected and statistically analyzed.Results: Total 55 babies were included in the study (term 27, preterm 28). There were 9 babies in stage 1, 17 babies in stage II and 22 babies in stage III. MRI brain findings were normal in 8 and abnormal in 47 patients. There were Deep gray matter injury (DG) in 22, Para Sagittal subcortical white matter injury (PS) in 6, Germinal matrix haemorrage (GMH), intraventricular haemorrage (IVH) and Periventricular leucomalacia (PVL) in 12 and Mixed pattern of injury in 7 babies. Findings among 9 expired babies were: 4 (44.4%) DG, 2 (22.2%) GMH+IVH and 3 (33.3%) mixed. There was neurological sequel in 13 babies (48.1%).  Babies with normal MRI initially had no sequel.Conclusion: Brain injury due to perinatal asphyxia follows several patterns according to gestational age and severity. Early and accurate recognition of these patterns with the help of MRI brain helps in managing the baby and predicting the prognosis.

scholarly journals Use of Boey’s score in peptic perforation disease in the Nepalese population: a prospective observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Rabin Koirala ◽  
Paras Pant ◽  
Nikhil Acharya ◽  
Asish Rajbhandary
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Peptic Ulcer Perforation ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Ulcer Perforation

Introduction: Peptic ulcer perforation carries high mortality and morbidity. Boey’s score is shown to be a simple scoring system to help predict morbidity and mortality. This is a prospective observational study to evaluate the applicability of Boey’s score in predicting mortality and morbidity in Nepalese patients. Methods: This study was conducted in the Dept. of Surgery, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Attarkhel, Jorpati between 1st of July 2012 to 30th June 2019 over a period of 7 years. This was a prospective observational study. All patients who underwent laparotomy for suspected peptic ulcer perforation peritonitis were included in the study. Results: Fourty-seven patients were included in the study. Male patients outnumbered females by a ratio of almost 4:1. Eighteen (38%) patients had Boey’s score of 1, and 7 (15 %) patients had a Boey’s score of 3. Overall postoperative mortality was 7 (15%). Boey’s score predicted morbidity and mortality with a p-value of <0.01. The length of hospital stay was also more in patients with a higher score and it was statistically significant. Conclusions: Boey’s score is both easy and effective in predicting postoperative morbidity, mortality and length of hospital stay.

scholarly journals Electrolyte disturbance in rotaviral diarrhea and other acute diarrheal diseases in children under 5 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2077
Author(s):  
Keerthana T. N. Gubbari
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbance ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: Acute diarrheal disease is one of the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in under 5 children. Rotavirus is one of the important cause of diarrhea in under 5. This study was done to know the electrolyte disturbance in under 5 children with diarrhea.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in Masonic Medical Centre for Children, Coimbatore on children aged less than 5 years with acute diarrhea with moderate and severe dehydration.Results: Total 220 children are included in study, among them 66(58.9%) had rotavirus infection. Among 220 cases of diarrhea 14.09% (31/220) had hypernatremia, 2.72% (6/220) had hyponatremia, 4.54% (10/220) had hyperkalemia and 9.09% (20/220) had hypokalemia. Among 66 cases of rotavirus diarrhea, 27.27% (18/66) had hypernatremia, 4.5% (3/66) had hyponatremia and 25.75% (17/66) had hypokalemia.Conclusions: Hypernatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance in acute diarrheal diseases and most frequently seen in rotavirus diarrhea. In most of the situation, there is unavailability of laboratory or time lag in obtaining reports. Hence prediction of electrolyte disturbance and management is more important in diarrheal disease.

scholarly journals Current prescription status of anti hypertensives in cardiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5121-5133
Author(s):  
Shaik Faizan Ali ◽  
Mahaveer Singh ◽  
Birendra Shrivastava ◽  
Konda Ravi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Dual Therapy ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Cardiology Department ◽  
Prescription Status ◽  
Total Average

The main of our study is to determine the prescription pattern and perform cost analysis of the patients who were visiting the cardiology department of the hospital. Anti hypertensive drugs has vast classification and most of the studies suggest that cardiovascular events are one among the most leading contributor to global patients in regards to mortality and morbidity. Cardiovascular events are also considered as silent killer because its symptoms are unpredictable. should be prescribed properly. So we have undergone a prospective observational study which shows mean age of 60.13 + 9.22. We found that there is much difference in gender for exposure of cardiovascular events. We observed dual therapy was effective in management for . We found total average of direct medical cost was Rs.5641.12 and indirect medical cost was Rs.677.27. The patients prescription was and documented to know the level of and compliance with guidelines. The economic burden experienced by the patients were to know the rational use of drugs and to lay a way for further research related to economics.

Psychosocial and medical predictors of 14-year mortality and morbidity in male and female coronary artery bypass graft recipients: a prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Linden ◽  
Sandra Young ◽  
Andrew Ignaszewski ◽  
Tavis Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Post Surgery

Abstract Background Psychosocial factors may influence mortality and morbidity after coronary bypass surgery (CABG), but it is unclear when, post-surgery, they best predict the outcome, if they interact, or whether results differ for men and women. Methods This prospective, observational study assessed depression symptoms, social support, marital status, household responsibility, functional impairment, mortality and need for further coronary procedures over 14 years of follow-up. Data were collected in-hospital post-CABG and at home 1-year later. Mortality and subsequent cardiac procedure data were extracted from a Cardiac Registry. Results Of 296 baseline participants, 78% (43% were women) completed data at 1-year post-CABG. Long-term survival was shorter with 1-year depression and lower household responsibility but that was not true for the measures taken at baseline [HR for depression = 1.27; 95% CI 1.02–1.59 v. 0.99 (0.78–1.25), and HR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.52–0.97 v. 0.97 (0.80–1.16)] for household responsibility. An interaction between depression symptoms and social support at year 1 [χ2 (11) = 111.05, p < 0.001] revealed a greater hazard of mortality d with increased depression only at mean (HR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.21–2.26) and high social support (HR = 2.23; 95% CI 1.46–3.40). Depression also accounted for increased event recurrence. There were no significant interactions of sex with medical long-term outcomes. Conclusions In a sex-balanced sample, depression and household responsibility measured at 1-year post-CABG were associated with significant variance in unadjusted and adjusted predictor models of long-term mortality whereas the same indices determined right after the procedure were not significant predictors.

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