Nitrous Oxide and Serious Long-term Morbidity and Mortality in the Evaluation of Nitrous Oxide in the Gas Mixture for Anaesthesia (ENIGMA)-II Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1267-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Leslie ◽  
Paul S. Myles ◽  
Jessica Kasza ◽  
Andrew Forbes ◽  
Philip J. Peyton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Patients At Risk

Abstract Background The Evaluation of Nitrous Oxide in the Gas Mixture for Anaesthesia (ENIGMA)-II trial randomly assigned 7,112 noncardiac surgery patients at risk of perioperative cardiovascular events to 70% N2O or 70% N2 groups. The aim of this follow-up study was to determine the effect of nitrous oxide on a composite primary outcome of death and major cardiovascular events at 1 yr after surgery. Methods One-year follow-up was conducted via a medical record review and telephone interview. Disability was defined as a Katz index of independence in activities of daily living score less than 8. Adjusted odds ratios and hazard ratios were calculated as appropriate for primary and secondary outcomes. Results Among 5,844 patients evaluated at 1 yr, 435 (7.4%) had died, 206 (3.5%) had disability, 514 (8.8%) had a fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, and 111 (1.9%) had a fatal or nonfatal stroke during the 1-yr follow-up period. Exposure to nitrous oxide did not increase the risk of the primary outcome (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.25; P = 0.27), disability or death (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.27; P = 0.44), death (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.43; P = 0.10), myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.17; P = 0.78), or stroke (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.58; P = 0.70). Conclusion These results support the long-term safety of nitrous oxide administration in noncardiac surgical patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease.

P6424The association between long-term beta-blocker use and outcome in a contemporary large-scale cohort of patients with acute myocardial infarction

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C X Song ◽  
R Fu ◽  
J G Yang ◽  
K F Dou ◽  
Y J Yang
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Abstract Background Controversy exists regarding the use of beta-blockers (BBs) among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in contemporary reperfusion era. Previous studies predominantly focused on beta-blockers prescribed at discharge, and the effect of long-term adherence to beta-blocker on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) remains unclear. Objective To explore the association between long-term beta-blocker use patterns and MACE among contemporary AMI patients. Methods We enrolled 7860 patients with AMI, who were discharged alive and prescribed with BBs based on CAMI registry from January 2013 to September 2014. Patients were divided into two groups according to BBs use pattern: Always users group (n=4476) were defined as patients reporting BBs use at both 6- and 12-month follow-up; Inconsistent users group were defined as patients reporting at least once not using BBs at 6- or 12-month follow-up. Primary outcome was defined as MACE at 24-month follow-up, including all-cause death, non-fatal MI and repeat-revascularization. Multivariable cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between BBs and MACE. Results Baseline characteristics are shown in table 1. At 2-year follow-up, 518 patients in inconsistent users group (15.6%) and 548 patients in always users group (12.3%) had MACE. After multivariable adjustment, inconsistent use of BBs was associated with higher risk of MACE (HR: 1.323, 95% CI: 1.171–1.493, p<0.001). Table 1 Baseline characteristics Variable Always user (N=4476) Inconsistent user (N=3384) P value Age (years) 60.6±12.0 61.2±12.2 <0.001 Male 3381 (75.7%) 2461 (74.3%) 0.084 Diabetes 892 (20.0%) 610 (18.4%) 0.003 Hypertension 2372 (53.2%) 1543 (46.6%) <0.001 Dyslipidemia 244 (5.5%) 126 (3.8%) <0.001 Prior myocardial infarction 351 (7.9%) 232 (7.0%) <0.001 Heart failure 88 (2.0%) 63 (1.9%) <0.001 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 66 (1.5%) 60 (1.8%) <0.001 Current smoker 2054 (46.1%) 1579 (47.8%) 0.179 Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) 53.7±11.48 54.0±10.9 <0.001 Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events 548 (12.3%) 518 (15.6%) <0.001 Conclusions Our results showed consistent BBs use was associated with reduced risk of MACE among patients with AMI managed by contemporary treatment. Acknowledgement/Funding CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (2016-I2M-1-009)

P6448Major cardiovascular events free survival in the long term follow up of “real world” diabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease at the beginning of the 21st century. The CICCOR Registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ruiz Ortiz ◽  
J J Sanchez Fernandez ◽  
C Ogayar Luque ◽  
E Romo Penas ◽  
M Delgado Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
End Point ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background Safety trials of antidiabetic drugs have included a main endpoint of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, “real world” data on long term prognosis of diabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease (sCAD) are limited. This study aimed to assess long-term incidence of major cardiovascular events in this population and to identify clinical predictors of this end-point. Methods The CICCOR registry is a prospective, monocentric, cohort study. From February 1, 2000 to January 31, 2004, all consecutive patients with sCAD attended at two outpatient cardiology clinics in a city of the south of Spain were included in the study and prospectively followed. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected for this analysis. None of these patients received sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors at first visit, as they were not commercially available at that time. Survival free of major cardiovascular events (combined end-point: acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death) and variables associated with this end-point were investigated. Results The study sample included 394 patients (mean age 68±9 years, 61% male). After up to 17 years of follow-up (median 9 years, IQR 4–14 years, only 2 patients lost in follow-up, with a total of 3517 patients-years of observation), 66 had an acute myocardial infarction, 55 had an stroke and 165 died for cardiovascular causes. Survival free of major cardiovascular events was 88%, 70%, 57%, 47% and 32% at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 years. Multivariate predictors of the combined end-point are shown in the table. Predictors of major cardiovascular event Variable Hazard Ratio (95% CI) p value Age (year) 1.06 (1.04–1.08) <0.0005 Tobacco use 0.02 Never smoker 1 (reference) Ex-smoker 1.43 (1.02–1.99) 0.04 Active smoker 2.23 (1.16–4.30) 0.02 Functional Class ≥II (angina) 1.57 (1.14–2.16) 0.006 Resting heart rate (10 bpm increase) 1.12 (1.01–1.24) 0.04 Diuretic treatment at first visit 1.71 (1.26–2.30) 0.001 Conclusions Probability of major event-free survival was only 47% at 12 years in this “real world” cohort of diabetic patients with sCAD followed in the first 17 years of this century in a single center in the south of Spain. Simple clinical variables can identify patients at higher risk of events. Acknowledgement/Funding This work has been partially financed by an investigational grant by Boehringher Ingelheim

scholarly journals Increased serum IL-6 is predictive of long-term cardiovascular events in high-risk patients submitted to coronary angiography: an observational study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Mossmann ◽  
Marco Vugman Wainstein ◽  
Stéfani Mariani ◽  
Guilherme Pinheiro Machado ◽  
Gustavo Neves Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Risk Patients

Abstract BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammation-related cytokine associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. In a previous study, we demonstrated that increased IL-6 was predictive of sub-clinical atherosclerotic coronary disease in intermediate-risk patients undergoing coronary angiography. In the present study, we investigated whether increased serum IL-6 is predictive of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. METHODS In this observational study, consecutive patients referred for elective coronary angiography due to stable chest pain/myocardial ischemia had IL-6 measured immediately before the procedure. Long-term follow-up was performed by phone call or e-mail, and their clinical registries were revised. The primary outcome was a composite of new myocardial infarction, new ischemic stroke, hospitalization due to heart failure, new coronary revascularization, cardiovascular death, and death due to all causes. RESULTS From the 141 selected patients, 100 completed the IL-6 analysis and were followed for a mean of 5.5 years. The median age was 61.1 years, 44% were men, and 61% had type-2 diabetes. The median overall time-to-event for the primary outcome was 297 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI] = 266.95–327.16). A receiver operator characteristic curve defined the best cut-off value of baseline serum IL-6 (0.44 pg/mL) with sensitivity (84.37%) and specificity (38.24%) to define two groups. High IL-6 level was moderately predictive of cardiovascular events. ( p for interaction = 0.015) (hazard ratio = 2.81; 95% CI = 1.38–5.72, p=0.01). The subgroup analysis did not find interactions between patients with or without diabetes, obesity, or hypertension. CONCLUSION This preliminary study indicates that, in high-risk symptomatic patients undergoing elective coronary angiography, increased pre-procedure serum levels of IL-6 predicted long-term cardiovascular outcomes. These results were similar irrespective of diabetes, hypertension, or obesity status. IL-6 must be studied in larger long-term follow-up studies as a potential tool to re-classify patients with increased cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of the Cardio‐Ankle Vascular Index for Cardiovascular Events in Patients at Cardiovascular Risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Miyoshi ◽  
Hiroshi Ito ◽  
Kohji Shirai ◽  
Shigeo Horinaka ◽  
Jitsuo Higaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Disease Risks

Background Arterial stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular events; however, indexes for measuring arterial stiffness have not been widely incorporated into routine clinical practice. This study aimed to determine whether the cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI), based on the blood pressure–independent stiffness parameter β and reflecting arterial stiffness from the origin of the ascending aorta, is a good predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease risk factors in a large prospective cohort. Methods and Results This multicenter prospective cohort study, commencing in May 2013, with a 5‐year follow‐up period, included patients (aged 40‒74 years) with cardiovascular disease risks. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal stroke, or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Among 2932 included patients, 2001 (68.3%) were men; the mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 63 (8) years. During the median follow‐up of 4.9 years, 82 participants experienced primary outcomes. The CAVI predicted the primary outcome (hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.16‒1.65; P <0.001). In terms of event subtypes, the CAVI was associated with cardiovascular death and stroke but not with myocardial infarction. When the CAVI was incorporated into a model with known cardiovascular disease risks for predicting cardiovascular events, the global χ 2 value increased from 33.8 to 45.2 ( P <0.001), and the net reclassification index was 0.254 ( P =0.024). Conclusions This large cohort study demonstrated that the CAVI predicted cardiovascular events. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01859897.

scholarly journals Use of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of major cardiovascular events and heart failure: Scandinavian register based cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l4772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Pasternak ◽  
Peter Ueda ◽  
Björn Eliasson ◽  
Ann-Marie Svensson ◽  
Stefan Franzén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitors ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective To investigate the cardiovascular effectiveness of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in routine clinical practice. Design Cohort study using data from nationwide registers and an active-comparator new-user design. Setting Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, from April 2013 to December 2016. Participants 20 983 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors and 20 983 new users of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, aged 35-84, matched by age, sex, history of major cardiovascular disease, and propensity score. Main outcome measures Primary outcomes were major cardiovascular events (composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death) and heart failure (hospital admission for heart failure or death due to heart failure). Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the cardiovascular composite and any cause death. In the primary analyses, patients were defined as exposed from treatment start throughout follow-up (analogous to intention to treat); additional analyses were conducted with an as-treated exposure definition. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios. Results Mean age of the study cohort was 61 years, 60% were men, and 19% had a history of major cardiovascular disease. Of the total 27 416 person years of follow-up in the SGLT2 inhibitor group, 22 627 (83%) was among patients who initiated dapagliflozin, 4521 (16%) among those who initiated empagliflozin, and 268 (1%) among those who initiated canagliflozin. During follow-up, 467 SGLT2 inhibitor users (incidence rate 17.0 events per 1000 person years) and 662 DPP4 inhibitor users (18.0) had a major cardiovascular event, whereas 130 (4.7) and 265 (7.1) had a heart failure event, respectively. Hazard ratios were 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.84 to 1.06) for major cardiovascular events and 0.66 (0.53 to 0.81) for heart failure. Hazard ratios were consistent among subgroups of patients with and without history of major cardiovascular disease and with and without history of heart failure. Hazard ratios for secondary outcomes, comparing SGLT2 inhibitors with DPP4 inhibitors, were 0.99 (0.85 to 1.17) for myocardial infarction, 0.94 (0.77 to 1.15) for stroke, 0.84 (0.65 to 1.08) for cardiovascular death, and 0.80 (0.69 to 0.92) for any cause death. In the as-treated analyses, hazard ratios were 0.84 (0.72 to 0.98) for major cardiovascular events, 0.55 (0.42 to 0.73) for heart failure, 0.93 (0.76 to 1.14) for myocardial infarction, 0.83 (0.64 to 1.07) for stroke, 0.67 (0.49 to 0.93) for cardiovascular death, and 0.75 (0.61 to 0.91) for any cause death. Conclusions In this large Scandinavian cohort, SGLT2 inhibitor use compared with DPP4 inhibitor use was associated with reduced risk of heart failure and any cause death, but not with major cardiovascular events in the primary intention-to-treat analysis. In the additional as-treated analyses, the magnitude of the association with heart failure and any cause death became larger, and a reduced risk of major cardiovascular events that was largely driven by the cardiovascular death component was observed. These data help inform patients, practitioners, and authorities regarding the cardiovascular effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in routine clinical practice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of “Sophia Diabetes”, a diabetic patient support programme, 8 years after its initiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Cash ◽  
M Cavillon ◽  
C Leboucher ◽  
B Jouaneton ◽  
A Vainchtock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Management Program ◽  
First Year ◽  
Patient Support ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events

Abstract Background “Sophia Diabetes” is a personalized diabetic patient support program piloted by French National Health Insurance, launched experimentally in 10 primary health insurance funds in March 2008, extended in 2010 and then generalized to all of France in 2012-2013. A new evaluation was performed in 2018 to determine long-term (2008-2016) improvement of medical follow-up indicators, impact on morbidity, mortality and healthcare expenditure. Methods A sample of patients (n = 49,016) eligible for the programme in 2008, but also a sub-group of participating patients (n = 17,007), was matched, using propensity score, with controls randomly selected from the SNDS. Difference in difference method was applied for comparisons at each year of follow-up (Ti) while controlling for differences between populations. Results Sophia had a significant positive impact on recommended follow-up indicators, right from the first year. This improvement was maintained for most indicators even if compliance rates remained lower than targets. Sophia Diabetes does not appear to have a major impact on hospitalization rates in either eligible patients or participating patients. However, comparison between participants and controls revealed a less marked increase of hospitalizations for major cardiovascular events at T6 and T7. Compared to their controls, a better use of hospital emergency departments was observed for participants. Ambulatory care expenditure of participants increased more markedly between T4 and T7 (+€105 to €233), related to a better follow-up but in contrast, hospital expenditure increased less markedly during the first year of follow-up (-€139) and the last 2 years (-€360 to -€380). Conclusions For the first time in France, a disease management program has been evaluated over a long period. Globally, Sophia programresults in improved patient follow-up, decreased emergency visits, and a less marked increase of hospitalizations for major cardiovascular events at the end of period. Key messages First long term evaluation (8 years) of a disease management program in France. Sophia diabetes management program shows a positive impact on some follow-up and morbidity indicators.

scholarly journals Long-term outcome of patients with invasive electrophysiology procedure-related cardiac tamponade

EP Europace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1547-1557
Author(s):  
Gesa von Olshausen ◽  
Tara Bourke ◽  
Jonas Schwieler ◽  
Nikola Drca ◽  
Hamid Bastani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiac Tamponade ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Aims Iatrogenic cardiac tamponades are a rare but dreaded complication of invasive electrophysiology procedures (EPs). Their long-term impact on clinical outcomes is unknown. This study analysed the risk of death or serious cardiovascular events in patients suffering from EP-related cardiac tamponade requiring pericardiocentesis during long-term follow-up. Methods and results Out of 19 997 invasive EPs at the Karolinska University Hospital between January 1998 and September 2018, all patients with EP-related periprocedural cardiac tamponade were identified (n = 60) and matched (1:3 ratio) to a control group (n = 180). After a follow-up of 5 years, the composite primary endpoint — death from any cause, acute myocardial infarction, transitory ischaemic attack (TIA)/stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure — occurred in significantly more patients in the tamponade than in the control group [12 patients (20.0%) vs. 19 patients (10.6%); hazard ratio (HR) 2.53 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.15–5.58); P = 0.021]. This was mainly driven by a higher incidence of TIA/stroke in the tamponade than in the control group [HR 3.75 (95% CI 1.01–13.97); P = 0.049]. Death from any cause, acute myocardial infarction, and hospitalization for heart failure did not show a significant difference between the groups. Hospitalization for pericarditis occurred in significantly more patients in the tamponade than in the control group [HR 36.0 (95% CI 4.68–276.86); P = 0.001]. Conclusion Patients with EP-related cardiac tamponade are at higher risk for cerebrovascular events during the first 2 weeks and hospitalization for pericarditis during the first months after index procedure. Despite the increased risk for early complications tamponade patients have a good long-term prognosis without increased risk for mortality or other serious cardiovascular events.

On-treatment blood pressure and long-term outcomes in chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Hyuk Jung
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Composite Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Composite Risk ◽  
Information Database

ABSTRACT Background The treatment BP target in CKD remains unclear, and whether the benefit of intensive BP-lowering is comparable between CKD and non-CKD patients is debated. Methods Using the Korean National Health Information Database, 359,492 CKD patients who had received antihypertensives regularly were identified from 12.1 million participants of nationwide health screening. The composite risk of major cardiovascular events, kidney failure, and all-cause mortality was assessed according to timely-averaged, on-treatment systolic BP. Results Over 9-year follow-up, the composite outcome noted in 18.4% of 239,700 participants with eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 18.9% of 155,004 with dipstick albuminuria. The thresholds of systolic BP, above which the composite risk increased significantly, in the reduced eGFR and the proteinuric population were 135 mm Hg and 125 mm Hg, respectively. For all-cause mortality, the respective thresholds were 145 mm Hg and 135 mm Hg. When comparing the composite risk between propensity score-matched groups, the hazard ratios of on-treatment BP of systolic 135–144 mm Hg (reference, 115–124 mm Hg) in the reduced eGFR and non-CKD pairs were 1.18 and 0.98, respectively (P = 0.13 for interaction), and those in the proteinuria and non-CKD pairs were 1.30 and 1.01, respectively (P = 0.003 for interaction). Conclusions The findings support the recommendation that, based on office BP, the systolic target in CKD with proteinuria is ≤ 130 mm Hg, and the target in CKD with no proteinuria is ≤ 140 mm Hg. The benefit of intensive BP-lowering may be greater in CKD patients particularly with proteinuria than in their non-CKD counterparts.

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