The Effect of Dynamic Posterior Stabilization on Facet Joint Contact Forces

Spine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Niosi ◽  
Derek C. Wilson ◽  
Qingan Zhu ◽  
Ory Keynan ◽  
David R. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facet Joint ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Posterior Stabilization ◽  
Joint Contact

The Effects of Orientation of Lumbar Facet Joints on the Facet Joint Contact Forces

Spine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. E216-E220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Zhiping Huang ◽  
Ruozhou Zhou ◽  
Qingan Zhu ◽  
Wei Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facet Joint ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
Joint Contact ◽  
Lumbar Facet ◽  
Lumbar Facet Joints

Can extra-articular strains be used to measure facet contact forces in the lumbar spine? An in-vitro biomechanical study

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q A Zhu ◽  
Y B Park ◽  
S G Sjovold ◽  
C A Niosi ◽  
D C Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Facet Joint ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
Lateral Bending ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Joint Contact ◽  
Strain Coupling ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

Experimental measurement of the load-bearing patterns of the facet joints in the lumbar spine remains a challenge, thereby limiting the assessment of facet joint function under various surgical conditions and the validation of computational models. The extra-articular strain (EAS) technique, a non-invasive measurement of the contact load, has been used for unilateral facet joints but does not incorporate strain coupling, i.e. ipsilateral EASs due to forces on the contralateral facet joint. The objectives of the present study were to establish a bilateral model for facet contact force measurement using the EAS technique and to determine its effectiveness in measuring these facet joint contact forces during three-dimensional flexibility tests in the lumbar spine. Specific goals were to assess the accuracy and repeatability of the technique and to assess the effect of soft-tissue artefacts. In the accuracy and repeatability tests, ten uniaxial strain gauges were bonded to the external surface of the inferior facets of L3 of ten fresh lumbar spine specimens. Two pressure-sensitive sensors (Tekscan) were inserted into the joints after the capsules were cut. Facet contact forces were measured with the EAS and Tekscan techniques for each specimen in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending under a ±7.5 N m pure moment. Four of the ten specimens were tested five times in axial rotation and extension for repeatability. These same specimens were disarticulated and known forces were applied across the facet joint using a manual probe (direct accuracy) and a materials-testing system (disarticulated accuracy). In soft-tissue artefact tests, a separate set of six lumbar spine specimens was used to document the virtual facet joint contact forces during a flexibility test following removal of the superior facet processes. Linear strain coupling was observed in all specimens. The average peak facet joint contact forces during flexibility testing was greatest in axial rotation (71±25 N), followed by extension (27±35 N) and lateral bending (25±28 N), and they were most repeatable in axial rotation (coefficient of variation, 5 per cent). The EAS accuracy was about 20 per cent in the direct accuracy assessment and about 30 per cent in the disarticulated accuracy test. The latter was very similar to the Tekscan accuracy in the same test. Virtual facet loads (r.m.s.) were small in axial rotation (12 N) and lateral bending (20 N), but relatively large in flexion (34 N) and extension (35 N). The results suggested that the bilateral EAS model could be used to determine the facet joint contact forces in axial rotation but may result in considerable error in flexion, extension, and lateral bending.

scholarly journals Calibration and validation of a novel hybrid model of the lumbosacral spine in ArtiSynth–The passive structures

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250456
Author(s):  
Robin Remus ◽  
Andreas Lipphaus ◽  
Marc Neumann ◽  
Beate Bender
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Facet Joint ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Lumbosacral Spine ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Functional Spinal Unit ◽  
Starting Point

In computational biomechanics, two separate types of models have been used predominantly to enhance the understanding of the mechanisms of action of the lumbosacral spine (LSS): Finite element (FE) and musculoskeletal multibody (MB) models. To combine advantages of both models, hybrid FE-MB models are an increasingly used alternative. The aim of this paper is to develop, calibrate, and validate a novel passive hybrid FE-MB open-access simulation model of a ligamentous LSS using ArtiSynth. Based on anatomical data from the Male Visible Human Project, the LSS model is constructed from the L1-S1 rigid vertebrae interconnected with hyperelastic fiber-reinforced FE intervertebral discs, ligaments, and facet joints. A mesh convergence study, sensitivity analyses, and systematic calibration were conducted with the hybrid functional spinal unit (FSU) L4/5. The predicted mechanical responses of the FSU L4/5, the lumbar spine (L1-L5), and the LSS were validated against literature data from in vivo and in vitro measurements and in silico models. Spinal mechanical responses considered when loaded with pure moments and combined loading modes were total and intervertebral range of motions, instantaneous axes and centers of rotation, facet joint contact forces, intradiscal pressures, disc bulges, and stiffnesses. Undesirable correlations with the FE mesh were minimized, the number of crisscrossed collagen fiber rings was reduced to five, and the individual influences of specific anatomical structures were adjusted to in vitro range of motions. Including intervertebral motion couplings for axial rotation and nonlinear stiffening under increasing axial compression, the predicted kinematic and structural mechanics responses were consistent with the comparative data. The results demonstrate that the hybrid simulation model is robust and efficient in reproducing valid mechanical responses to provide a starting point for upcoming optimizations and extensions, such as with active skeletal muscles.

scholarly journals Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Compensation during Gait using Hamstring Muscle Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Formento Catalfamo ◽  
Gerardo Aguiar ◽  
Jorge Curi ◽  
Ariel Braidot
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Healthy Knee ◽  
Joint Contact ◽  
Maximum Isometric Force ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Previous research has shown that an increase in hamstring activation may compensate for anterior tibial transalation (ATT) in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee (ACLd); however, the effects of this compensation still remain unclear. The goals of this study were to quantify the activation of the hamstring muscles needed to compensate the ATT in ACLd knee during the complete gait cycle and to evaluate the effect of this compensation on quadriceps activation and joint contact forces. A two dimensional model of the knee was used, which included the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints, knee ligaments, the medial capsule and two muscles units. Simulations were conducted to determine the ATT in healthy and ACLd knee and the hamstring activation needed to correct the abnormal ATT to normal levels (100% compensation) and to 50% compensation. Then, the quadriceps activation and the joint contact forces were calculated. Results showed that 100% compensation would require hamstring and quadriceps activations larger than their maximum isometric force, and would generate an increment in the peak contact force at the tibiofemoral (115%) and patellofemoral (48%) joint with respect to the healthy knee. On the other hand, 50% compensation would require less force generated by the muscles (less than 0.85 of maximum isometric force) and smaller contact forces (peak tibiofemoral contact force increased 23% and peak patellofemoral contact force decreased 7.5% with respect to the healthy knee). Total compensation of ATT by means of increased hamstring activity is possible; however, partial compensation represents a less deleterious strategy.

Prediction of Knee Joint Contact Forces From External Measures Using Principal Component Prediction and Reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Saliba ◽  
Allison L. Clouthier ◽  
Scott C.E. Brandon ◽  
Michael J. Rainbow ◽  
Kevin J. Deluzio
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Joint Contact Force ◽  
Joint Contact

Abnormal loading of the knee joint contributes to the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. Gait retraining is a noninvasive intervention that aims to reduce knee loads by providing audible, visual, or haptic feedback of gait parameters. The computational expense of joint contact force prediction has limited real-time feedback to surrogate measures of the contact force, such as the knee adduction moment. We developed a method to predict knee joint contact forces using motion analysis and a statistical regression model that can be implemented in near real-time. Gait waveform variables were deconstructed using principal component analysis, and a linear regression was used to predict the principal component scores of the contact force waveforms. Knee joint contact force waveforms were reconstructed using the predicted scores. We tested our method using a heterogenous population of asymptomatic controls and subjects with knee osteoarthritis. The reconstructed contact force waveforms had mean (SD) root mean square differences of 0.17 (0.05) bodyweight compared with the contact forces predicted by a musculoskeletal model. Our method successfully predicted subject-specific shape features of contact force waveforms and is a potentially powerful tool in biofeedback and clinical gait analysis.

scholarly journals Immediate Effects of Medially Posted Insoles on Lower Limb Joint Contact Forces in Adult Acquired Flatfoot: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghu Peng ◽  
Duo Wai-Chi Wong ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Tony Lin-Wei Chen ◽  
Qitao Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Force ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Joint Force ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Joint Contact

Flatfoot is linked to secondary lower limb joint problems, such as patellofemoral pain. This study aimed to investigate the influence of medial posting insoles on the joint mechanics of the lower extremity in adults with flatfoot. Gait analysis was performed on fifteen young adults with flatfoot under two conditions: walking with shoes and foot orthoses (WSFO), and walking with shoes (WS) in random order. The data collected by a vicon system were used to drive the musculoskeletal model to estimate the hip, patellofemoral, ankle, medial and lateral tibiofemoral joint contact forces. The joint contact forces in WSFO and WS conditions were compared. Compared to the WS group, the second peak patellofemoral contact force (p < 0.05) and the peak ankle contact force (p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the WSFO group by 10.2% and 6.8%, respectively. The foot orthosis significantly reduced the peak ankle eversion angle (p < 0.05) and ankle eversion moment (p < 0.05); however, the peak knee adduction moment increased (p < 0.05). The reduction in the patellofemoral joint force and ankle contact force could potentially inhibit flatfoot-induced lower limb joint problems, despite a greater knee adduction moment.

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