Changing Trends in Vulvar Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates in Australia Since 1982

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1683-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen L. Barlow ◽  
Yoon-Jung Kang ◽  
Neville F. Hacker ◽  
Karen Canfell

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to assess trends in vulvar cancer incidence and mortality in Australia.MethodsCase numbers for invasive carcinoma of the vulva (1982–2009) and vulvar cancer deaths (1982–2011) were obtained from the National Cancer Statistics database. Standardized rate ratios (SRRs) were used to assess changes in age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, for all ages and for younger than 60 years and 60+ years.ResultsAge-standardized incidence rates in women across all ages did not significantly change from 1982–1984 to 2007–2009 (from 2.1 to 2.5 per 100,000 women; SRR from the later to the earlier period, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.00–1.27]). However, there was a significant 84% increase in incidence in women younger than 60 years (SRR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.49–2.26]), with no change for women 60+ years (SRR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.79–1.04]). Age-standardized mortality in women across all ages significantly decreased by 22% from 1982–1986 to 2007–2011 (from 0.7 to 0.5 per 100,000 women; SRR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66–0.93]). However, this was driven by declines in older women, with stable rates in women younger than 60 years (SRR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.62–1.79]); rates in 60+ years decreased by 24% (SRR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63–0.91]).ConclusionSince the early 1980s, vulvar cancer incidence has increased by more than 80% in women younger than 60 years in Australia, but there has been no increased incidence in older women. These findings are consistent with the possibility of increased exposure to the human papillomavirus in cohorts born after 1950. By contrast, age-standardized vulvar cancer mortality rates have been stable in younger women, but have declined in older women.

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seri Hong ◽  
Young-Joo Won ◽  
Young Ran Park ◽  
Kyu-Won Jung ◽  
Hyun-Joo Kong ◽  
...  

PurposeThis study reports the cancer statistics and temporal trends in Korea on a nationwide scale, including incidence, survival, prevalence, and mortality in 2017.Materials and MethodsThe incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were evaluated using data from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database from 1999 to 2017 with follow-up until December 31, 2018. Deaths from cancer were assessed using cause-of-death data from 1983 to 2017, obtained from Statistics Korea. Crude and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence, mortality, and prevalence, and 5-year relative survival rates were calculated and trend analysis was performed.ResultsIn 2017, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer numbered 232,255 (ASR, 264.4 per 100,000) and 78,863 (ASR, 76.6 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased annually by 3.5% from 1999 to 2011 and decreased by 2.7% annually thereafter. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, by 2.8% annually. The 5-year relative survival rate for all patients diagnosed with cancer between 2013 and 2017 was 70.4%, which contributed to a prevalence of approximately 1.87 million cases by the end of 2017.ConclusionThe burden of cancer measured by incidence and mortality rates have improved in Korea, with the exception of a few particular cancers that are associated with increasing incidence or mortality rates. However, cancer prevalence is increasing rapidly, with the dramatic improvement in survival during the past several years. Comprehensive cancer control strategies and efforts should continue, based on the changes of cancer statistics.


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13621-e13621
Author(s):  
Yvonne Sada ◽  
Efthalia Zafeiropoulou ◽  
Peter Richardson ◽  
Jennifer Kramer ◽  
Israel Christie ◽  
...  

e13621 Background: Males have excess risk of most digestive cancers; whether cancer mainly due to virus (stomach), lifestyle including obesity/alcohol (colon/esophagus), or both (liver). We evaluated for secular trends in gender-specific incidence, mortality and survival for these cancers in the U.S. Methods: We used official U.S. Cancer Statistics [USCS] data (2000-2016) to calculate annual age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates (IR/MR). It covers >98% population/all states (vs. SEER-10 statewide registries, covers <1/3rd African-Americans/Whites). We calculated mortality-to-incidence rate ratios (MIR), an established 5-year survival proxy. We used Joinpoint to assess trends in average annual percentage change (AAPC). Results: Table shows age-adjusted IRs and MRs for colon, esophagus and stomach cancer decreased for men and women (all AAPCs negative, all significant but stomach IR women), with both liver IR/MR significantly increasing in both genders. Gender differences in relative burden were seen (e.g., MRs in colon>esophagus>liver>stomach in men vs. colon>stomach>liver>esophagus in women), with greatest male excess in esophagus (e.g., 4.4-fold IR). MIRs suggested less favorable survival (higher=worse) for men for esophagus/colon. Conclusion: Substantial gender disparity persists in digestive cancers, with male excess gap decreasing for colon and increasing for liver. [Table: see text]


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
A. A. Mordovskii ◽  
A. A. Aksarin ◽  
A. M. Parsadanyan ◽  
M. D. Ter-Ovanesov ◽  
P. P. Troyan

The aim of the study was to assess the lung cancer incidence and mortality in the Khanty-mansi autonomous okrug – Yugra during the period 1999–2019.Material and methods. We have studied the lung cancer incidence and mortality rates in Yugra over the last 21 years (1999–2019).Results. In Yugra, the lung cancer (lc) incidence rates increased by 24.7 % from 1999 to 2019, demonstrating higher rates than those in the Russian Federation (RF), where lc incidence rates decreased by 20.3 %. In 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate was 30.5 per 100,000 (22.7 for RF); the age-standardized mortality rate was 16.4 per 100,000 (18.4 for RF). The mortality rate from lc in Yugra was 9.6 times higher in males than in females (35.5 vs. 3.7 per 100,000). The cross-correlation analysis revealed a correlation between the lc incidence/mortality and air pollution in Yugra. The main carcinogens in Yugra were formaldehyde, phenol, nitrogen dioxide, and benzapyrene. The assessment of the relationship between the age-standardized lc incidence/mortality rates and the amount of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere revealed that their synergistic effects with tobacco smoking can double the risk of lung cancer development. The increase in the number of chest computed tomography (ct) scans performed in the context of the pandemic caused by covid-19 infection led to an 18 % increase in the number of incidentally detected pulmonary nodules, of which 9 % of cases were diagnosed as lc.Conclusion. The lc incidence rates in Yugra tended to increase. The high rate of lc incidence is caused by man-made and natural factors, which requires the implementation of a screening program with the use of low-dose computed tomography in order to improve the early detection and prevention of this disease.


Author(s):  
Audrius Dulskas ◽  
Povilas Kavaliauskas ◽  
Kestutis Zagminas ◽  
Ligita Jancoriene ◽  
Giedre Smailyte

Background: Recently, reports have suggested that rates of liver cancer have increased during the last decades in developed countries; increasing hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma rates were reported. The aim of this study was to examine time trends in incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer for the period of 1998–2015 in Lithuania by sex, age, and histology. Methods: We examined the incidence of liver cancer from 1998 to 2015 using data from the Lithuanian Cancer Registry. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated by sex, age, and histology. Trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression Program to estimate the annual percent change. Results: A total of 3086 primary liver cancer cases were diagnosed, and 2923 patients died from liver cancer. The total number of liver cancer cases changed from 132 in 1998 to 239 in 2015. Liver cancer incidence rates changed during the study period from 5.02/100,000 in 1998 to 10.54/100,000 in 2015 in men and from 2.43/100,000 in 1998 to 6.25/100,000 in 2015 in women. Annual percentage changes (APCs) in the age-standardized rates over this period were 4.5% for incidence and 3.6% for mortality. Hepatocellular cancer incidence rates were stable from 1998 to 2005 (APC −5.9, p = 0.1) and later increased by 6.7% per year (p < 0.001). Intrahepatic ductal carcinoma incidence increased by 8.9% per year throughout the study period. The rise in incidence was observed in all age groups; however, in age groups < 50 and between 70 and 79 years, observed changes were not statistically significant. For mortality, the significant point of trend change was detected in 2001, where after stable mortality, rates started to increase by 2.4% per year. Conclusions: Primary liver cancer incidence and mortality increased in both sexes in Lithuania. The rise om incidence was observed in both sexes and main histology groups. The increasing incidence trend may be related to the prevalence of main risk factors (alcohol consumption, hepatitis B and C infections. and diabetes).


Author(s):  
Povilas Kavaliauskas ◽  
Audrius Dulskas ◽  
Inga Kildusiene ◽  
Rokas Arlauskas ◽  
Rimantas Stukas ◽  
...  

Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. The aim of this study was to examine the time trends in the incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer for the period of 1998–2015 for the first time in Lithuania by sex, age, subsite, and stage. Methods: This study was based on all cases (deaths) of pancreatic cancer diagnosed between 1998 and 2015. Age-standardized incidence (mortality) rates and group-specific rates were calculated for each sex using the direct method (European Standard). TNM classification-based information reported to the cancer registry was grouped into three categories: (1) localized cancer: T1-3/N0/M0; (2) cancer with regional metastasis: any 1-3/N+/M0; (3) advanced cancer: any T/any N/M+. Joinpoint regression was used to provide annual percentage changes (APCs) and to detect points in time where statistically significant changes in the trends occurred. Results: Overall, 8514 pancreatic cancer cases (4364 in men and 3150 in women) were diagnosed and 7684 persons died from cancer of the pancreas. Pancreatic cancer incidence rates were considerably lower for women than for men, with a female:male ratio of 1:2. Incidence rates changed during the study period from 14.2 in 1998 to 15.0/100,000 in the year 2015 in men, and from 6.7 to 9.8/100,000 in women. Incidence rates over the study period were stable for men (APC = 0.1%) and increasing for women by 1.1% per year. Similarly, mortality rates increased in women by 0.9% per year, and were stable in men. During the study period, incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer were close. For the entire study period, rates increased significantly in the 50–74 years age group; only cancer of the head of pancreas showed a decline by 0.9%, while tail and not-specified pancreatic cancer incidence increased by 11.4% and 4.51%, respectively. Conclusions: The increasing pancreatic cancer incidence trend in the Lithuanian population may be related to the prevalence of its main risk factors (smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, diet, and diabetes).


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Hua Mu ◽  
Yan-rou Jiang ◽  
Shi-geng Zhang

Abstract Objectives To describe the influence of the socioeconomic development on worldwide age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, as well as mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) and 5-year net survival of urologic cancer patients from 2012 to 2018. Methods The HDI values were obtained from the United Nations Development Programme, data on age-standardized incidence/mortality rates of prostate, bladder and kidney cancer were retrieved from the GLOBOCAN database, 5-year net survival was provided by the CONCORD-3 program. We then evaluated the association between incidence/MIR/survival and HDI, with a focus on geographic variability as well as temporal patterns during the last 6 years. Results Urologic cancer incidence rates were positively correlated with HDIs, and MIRs were negatively correlated with HDIs. Prostate cancer survival also correlated positively with HDIs, solidly confirming the interrelation among cancer indicators and socioeconomic factors. Most countries experienced incidence decline over the most recent 6 years, and a substantial reduction in MIR was observed. Survival rates of prostate cancer have simultaneously improved. Conclusion Development has a prominent influence on urologic cancer outcomes. HDI values are significantly correlated with cancer incidence, MIR and survival rates. HDI values have risen along with increased incidence and improved outcomes of urologic caner in recent years.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenjie Xu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Hongxi Yang ◽  
Jie Hou ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Cancer poses a serious threat to the health of Chinese people, resulting in a major challenge for public health work. Today, people can obtain relevant information from not only medical workers in hospitals, but also the internet in any place in real-time. Search behaviors can reflect a population’s awareness of cancer from a completely new perspective, which could be driven by the underlying cancer epidemiology. However, such Web-retrieved data are not yet well validated or understood. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore whether a correlation exists between the incidence and mortality of cancers and normalized internet search volumes on the big data platform, Baidu. We also assessed whether the distribution of people who searched for specific types of cancer differed by gender. Finally, we determined whether there were regional disparities among people who searched the Web for cancer-related information. METHODS Standard Boolean operators were used to choose search terms for each type of cancer. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to explore correlations among monthly search index values for each cancer type and their monthly incidence and mortality rates. We conducted cointegration analysis between search index data and incidence rates to examine whether a stable equilibrium existed between them. We also conducted cointegration analysis between search index data and mortality data. RESULTS The monthly Baidu index was significantly correlated with cancer incidence rates for 26 of 28 cancers in China (lung cancer: r=.80, P<.001; liver cancer: r=.28, P=.016; stomach cancer: r=.50, P<.001; esophageal cancer: r=.50, P<.001; colorectal cancer: r=.81, P<.001; pancreatic cancer: r=.86, P<.001; breast cancer: r=.56, P<.001; brain and nervous system cancer: r=.63, P<.001; leukemia: r=.75, P<.001; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: r=.88, P<.001; Hodgkin lymphoma: r=.91, P<.001; cervical cancer: r=.64, P<.001; prostate cancer: r=.67, P<.001; bladder cancer: r=.62, P<.001; gallbladder and biliary tract cancer: r=.88, P<.001; lip and oral cavity cancer: r=.88, P<.001; ovarian cancer: r=.58, P<.001; larynx cancer: r=.82, P<.001; kidney cancer: r=.73, P<.001; squamous cell carcinoma: r=.94, P<.001; multiple myeloma: r=.84, P<.001; thyroid cancer: r=.77, P<.001; malignant skin melanoma: r=.55, P<.001; mesothelioma: r=.79, P<.001; testicular cancer: r=.57, P<.001; basal cell carcinoma: r=.83, P<.001). The monthly Baidu index was significantly correlated with cancer mortality rates for 24 of 27 cancers. In terms of the whole population, the number of women who searched for cancer-related information has slowly risen over time. People aged 30-39 years were most likely to use search engines to retrieve cancer-related knowledge. East China had the highest Web search volumes for cancer. CONCLUSIONS Search behaviors indeed reflect public awareness of cancer from a different angle. Research on internet search behaviors could present an innovative and timely way to monitor and estimate cancer incidence and mortality rates, especially for cancers not included in national registries.


Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 2557-2557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Hashmi ◽  
Chris Mooney ◽  
Gordon L. II Phillips ◽  
Jane L. Liesveld ◽  
Jainulabdeen J Ifthikharuddin

Abstract Abstract 2557 Background: Stem cell transplantation, better supportive care, and the introduction of “novel agents”, particularly proteosome inhibitors and IMIDS, have improved survival in myeloma. However it is unclear if this improvement is uniform across various demographic subgroups. We present our analysis of a national database which still reveals significant disparities in the outcome of myeloma patients depending on their geographic location and race. Methods: Data on incidence and mortality was obtained from SEER database. Data on individual state myeloma rates was obtained from U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. Graphs were obtained from Cancer Mortality Maps and Graphs (NCI). Valuable measures of trends in cancer epidemiology include Annual Percent Change (APC) and Joinpoint analyses (JPC) which measure trends over a long period of time. Information regarding APC and JPC was obtained from the SEER Cancer Statistics Review. Disparities were calculated by the SEER health disparities calculator for differences in mortality across racial groups. Differences between the cohorts dichotomized at the introduction of novel agents (before and after 2000) were also calculated. Absolute mortality difference was assessed by the “Between Group Variance” (BGV). Relative disparity outcome across the 2 cohorts was assessed by “mean log deviation” (MLD) and the Theil index. Results: Overall age-adjusted mortality rate was 3.6/100,000 (2002-2006). 5-year relative survival rate was 37% (1999–2005). JPC trends stratified by race indicate a significantly increased JPC modeled incidence of myeloma in blacks to 12.4/100,000 until 1994, declining to 11.2/100,000 in 2006. The mortality rate, with a survival lag effect, also followed the trend in blacks, reaching a peak in 1996 at 7.9/100,000, whereas in whites, the JPC modeled trend was comparatively stable. Significant geographical variation in both incidence and mortality rates of myeloma were observed between different states (see maps). Washington DC and Alabama had the highest mortality rates of 5.3 (SE 0.43) and 4.4 (SE 0.14) per 100,000, whereas Hawaii and Florida had the lowest mortality rates of 2.25 (SE 0.18) and 3.09 (SE 0.05) per 100,000 respectively. The adjusted incidence rate within a state did not significantly correlate with its adjusted mortality rate. State wise comparisons were calculated between black and white races for mortality rates. Differences were found between mortality of blacks and whites in most of the states, which remained nearly constant across both the pre and post novel agent time cohorts. For example, in Washington DC the 1992–2000 and the 2000–2006 cohorts represented a mortality rate of 2.7 and 3.1 respectively for whites, and 7.9 and 7.2 respectively for blacks. An absolute difference in BGV of −21.5 for 2000–2006 cohort compared to 1992–2000 was observed whereas the relative disparity across the 2 cohorts indicated an MLD of −8.57 and a Theil index of -9.45; both indicating an absolute and relative decrease of mortality for the 2000–2006 cohort. When compared to 1992–2000, the percent change in mortality for 2000–2006 was −5.5 in whites and −9.2 in blacks. Conclusions: A wide variation in myeloma incidence and mortality was observed with respect to race and geography. While differences in incidence rates can be attributed to various epidemiological factors, the socioeconomic issues and differences in disease biology may explain the differences in mortality. Based on our results, we hypothesize that variations in clinical practice, due to lack of standardization may also contribute to the disparities in mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated comparable survival between blacks and whites given comparable treatment. While new approaches have contributed to improved mortality within the 2 studied cohorts of pre and post-novel agent era, the disparity in mortality between whites and blacks has remained constant. This is the first study to our knowledge, which has analyzed the inter-state disparities in mortality and disparities between black and white mortality before and after the introduction of novel agents for myeloma, in a representative sample of national dataset. Further studies are necessary to evaluate various factors that are responsible for the observed mortality differences. Age Adjusted Incidence rates 2006 Age-adjusted Mortality rates 2006 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
L. M. Minkina ◽  
M. M. Tsvetkov ◽  
Ya. S. Tikhonova ◽  
M. A. Postoykina

Background. Cancer is a leading cause of death in children and adolescents worldwide. The cancer incidence rate in children and adolescents has been on the rise for decades. Climatic, geographic and social factors of the region play an important role for cancer incidence.Objective: to analyze the cancer incidence and mortality rates in children and adolescents of Prymorsky krai.Methods. Cancer incidence rates in Russia for 2008–2018 as well as cancer incidence among children treated at the regional pediatric hematology/oncology center (Vladivostok, Russia) for 2014–2019 were analyzed.Results. No statistically significant differences in the cancer incidence rates for the 2008–2018 period between children and adolescents of Primorsky krai and the russian federation in the whole and the far-eastern federal district were found. In in Primorsky krai, there was a variability in the incidence rate during the analyzed period, a negative average annual growth rate in the group of children under 14 years of age (-0.86 %). For the 2008–2018 period, the cancer mortality rate in children and adolescents of Primorsky krai significantly decreased (from 5.65 ‰ in 2008 to 2.6 ‰ in 2018), with the average annual increase rate in children aged 017 years of -9.17 %. In 2014–2019, the quality of cancer detection improved significantly, and the number of children and adolescents with stage iiiiv cancer reduced.Conclusion. Cancer prevention and early detection can potentially reduce the cancer incidence and mortality rates in children and adolescents in Primorsky krai. Population-based cancer registries are needed for quantifying the burden of cancer in children and adolescents and assessing prevention and control programs.


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