Comparison of Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Human Papillomavirus, HPV Vaccine, Pap Tests, and Cervical Cancer Between US and Peruvian Women

Abstract 51 Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Jamaica with an incidence of 17.4/100,000. (1). Cervical cancer is acquired sexually, with the human papilloma virus (HPV) being the most important causative agent (2,3). HPV infection is associated with the development of other cancers such as anogenital, vaginal, vulvar and anal cancers in women, and penile and anal cancers in men.(2) It is also responsible for genital warts and oropharyngeal cancer in both men and women. Two vaccines were approved for the prevention of cervical cancer by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are available in Jamaica (4,5). This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes in a male cohort towards HPV and HPV vaccine. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which two hundred male students were recruited. Information for this study was gathered from responses given in a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 22.6 years. 50.5% stated that they had heard of HPV. Of those who knew of the HPV, only 37.6% vs 39.6% of respondents reported that sexual intercourse was a requirement for HPV transmission, while 22.8% did not know. 43% reported knowing that HPV causes genital warts and 42% knew of an association with cervical cancer. 16.5% of the respondents knew of the HPV vaccine. Only 21.2% knew that the HPV vaccine protects against cervical cancer while the remaining 78.8% either said that it didn't provide protection or did not know. 15.3% knew that the vaccine is approved for both males and females while 84.7% did not know. Conclusion: There was significant knowledge deficit in the awareness of HPV and the HPV vaccine in our male university students. Gibson, T.N., et al., Age-specific incidence of cancer in Kingston and St. Andrew, Jamaica, 2003-2007. West Indian Med J, 2010. 59(5): p. 456-64. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Basic information about HPV –associated cancers. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/basic_info . 2013. Bosch, F.X. and S. de Sanjose, Chapter 1: Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer-- burden and assessment of causality. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 2003(31): p. 3-13. FDA licensure of bivalent Human Papillomavirus vaccine (HPV2,Cervarix) for use in females and updated vaccination recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) .Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). MMWR Morb Mort Wkly Rep, 2010(59): p. 626-9. FDA, “FDA Approves New Vaccine Indication for Gardasil to Prevent Genital Warts in Men and Boys,” Bethesda, Md, USA. 2009. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from the authors.

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Knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and the HPV vaccine in a national sample of Australian men and women

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh09150 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 299 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Marian K. Pitts ◽

Wendy Heywood ◽

Richard Ryall ◽

Anthony M. Smith ◽

Julia M. Shelley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Genital Warts ◽

National Sample ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Men And Women ◽

Pap Tests ◽

Hpv Knowledge ◽

Abnormal Pap Tests

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge has rarely been investigated in the context of a national vaccination program. The present study investigated HPV knowledge after the introduction of a national HPV vaccination program in Australia using a national sample of men and women. Methods: Questions assessing HPV knowledge were part of a broader national study of health and relationships administered via a computer-assisted telephone interview. These findings are from wave four of the study, conducted between 2007 and 2008. Knowledge questions about HPV included its association with cervical cancer, genital warts and abnormal Pap tests. Results: A total of 2634 women and 2556 men between the ages of 18 and 70 were interviewed. Overall, 62.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 60.8–64.7%) of women and 38.3% (95% CI: 36.3–40.4%) of men had heard of HPV. Of these, 66.0% (95% CI: 64.1–67.9%) correctly answered that HPV is associated with cervical cancer, 50.2% (95% CI: 48.2–52.1%) answered that HPV is associated with abnormal Pap tests and 44.5% (95% CI: 42.5–46.5%) answered that HPV causes warts. Predictors of good knowledge included being female, aged between 26 and 45, holding higher education levels and older age at first sex. Ever having a Pap test was also associated with awareness about HPV. Conclusion: One of the highest levels of knowledge about HPV in Australia to date is reported in the present study. Knowledge about the association between HPV and cervical cancer was particularly high, especially when compared with knowledge of the association with genital warts. This appears to be a consequence of the marketing of the HPV vaccine as a vaccination against cervical cancer.

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A Quantitative Study: Assessing the Knowledge Regarding the HPV Virus and Cervical Cancer Among Romanian Young Women Aged Between 18 and 24 years

European Journal of Sustainable Development ◽

10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n2p358 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 358

Author(s):

Monica Brinzac ◽

Ioana Coci ◽

Valeria Ionascu

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Young Women ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Common Cause ◽

The Third ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) it is the most common cause of cervical cancer globally and Romania has the highest prevalence rate of cervical cancer in Europe. (Ene, L. (2015)).An approximation of 4443 cases of cervical cancer are diagnosticated annually in Romania. This disease is the third most prevalent cancer among women and second most prevalent between women aged 15- 44 years old. (Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., & Ervik, M. (2013)).This study examines Romanian women between 18 and 24 years regarding their knowledge and attitudes on HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine. The study sample consists of 200 women who answered the online questionnaire disseminated on Facebook through Facebook ads.Most respondents stated that their knowledge was average or above average. However, the answers did not reflect that the knowledge was average towards high as many did not know the symptomatology of the disease nor how the disease develops or possible outcomes. As well, the knowledge regarding the connection between HPV and cervical cancer, Pap smear is significantly low.It is essential to increase the knowledge of women regarding this topic as sexual transmitted diseases are a major problem in Romania. Keywords: Public Health, STDs, HPV, Cervical cancer

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A cost-effectiveness analysis of adding a human papillomavirus vaccine to the Australian National Cervical Cancer Screening Program

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh07043 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 165 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Shalini Kulasingam ◽

Luke Connelly ◽

Elizabeth Conway ◽

Jane S. Hocking ◽

Evan Myers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Screening Program ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Catch Up ◽

The Cost ◽

Current Screening

Background: The cost-effectiveness of adding a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to the Australian National Cervical Screening Program compared to screening alone was examined. Methods: A Markov model of the natural history of HPV infection that incorporates screening and vaccination was developed. A vaccine that prevents 100% of HPV 16/18-associated disease, with a lifetime duration of efficacy and 80% coverage offered through a school program to girls aged 12 years, in conjunction with current screening was compared with screening alone using cost (in Australian dollars) per life-year (LY) saved and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) saved. Sensitivity analyses included determining the cost-effectiveness of offering a catch-up vaccination program to 14–26-year-olds and accounting for the benefits of herd immunity. Results: Vaccination with screening compared with screening alone was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $51 103 per LY and $18 735 per QALY, assuming a cost per vaccine dose of $115. Results were sensitive to assumptions about the duration of vaccine efficacy, including the need for a booster ($68 158 per LY and $24 988 per QALY) to produce lifetime immunity. Accounting for herd immunity resulted in a more attractive ICER ($36 343 per LY and $13 316 per QALY) for girls only. The cost per LY of vaccinating boys and girls was $92 052 and the cost per QALY was $33 644. The cost per LY of implementing a catch-up vaccination program ranged from $45 652 ($16 727 per QALY) for extending vaccination to 14-year-olds to $78 702 ($34 536 per QALY) for 26-year-olds. Conclusions: These results suggest that adding an HPV vaccine to Australia’s current screening regimen is a potentially cost-effective way to reduce cervical cancer and the clinical interventions that are currently associated with its prevention via screening alone.

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Stakeholders’ Understandings of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Rapid Qualitative Systematic Review

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9050496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 496

Author(s):

Caroline Deignan ◽

Alison Swartz ◽

Sara Cooper ◽

Christopher J. Colvin

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

African Countries ◽

Qualitative Systematic Review ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

And Gender

Cervical cancer rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are amongst the highest worldwide. All three of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (9-valent, quadrivalent and bivalent HPV vaccine) provide primary protection against the most common cancer-causing strains of HPV (types 16 and 18) that are known to cause 70% of cervical cancers. Over the last five years, there has been an increase in Sub-Saharan African countries that have introduced the HPV vaccine. The majority of research has been conducted on supply-side barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination uptake in SSA, yet little research has been conducted on demand-side or end-user perspectives of, and decisions around, HPV vaccination. In order to complement existing research, and inform current and future HPV vaccination implementation approaches, this qualitative systematic review explored Stakeholders’ understandings of HPV vaccination in SSA. This review searched the following databases: Embase (via Scopus), Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), PubMed, EBSCOhost, Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) and found a total of 259 articles. Thirty-one studies were found eligible for inclusion and were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s methods for conducting a thematic analysis. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Three major themes emerged from this analysis; knowledge of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer is intertwined with misinformation; fear has shaped contradictory perceptions about HPV vaccination and gender dynamics are relevant in how stakeholders understand HPV vaccination in SSA.

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Conocimiento y actitudes hacia el virus del papiloma humano en una población de universitarios españoles = Knowledge and attitudes towards human papillomavirus in a population of Spanish university students

REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE COMUNICACIÓN EN SALUD ◽

10.20318/recs.2018.4248 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luz Martínez-Martínez ◽

Ubaldo Cuesta Cambra

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Health Promotion ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Young People ◽

University Students ◽

Preventive Healthcare ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Prevention And Early Detection ◽

Vaccination Campaigns

Resumen: El virus del papiloma humano se relaciona con varios tipos de cáncer como el de cuello de útero (CCU), orofarínge, pene o ano. Más de 4.000 mujeres mueren al año por CCU en EEUU y más de 2.000 en España a pesar de la vacunación y aunque estos cánceres son prevenibles mediante la prevención y detección precoz. Por lo tanto, el conocimiento y comprensión del VPH son vitales para su prevención y normalización. Este trabajo evalúa el conocimiento de los jóvenes sobre el VPH, su actitud hacia las revisiones o a hablar de él. Se realizó un diseño descriptivo transversal con jóvenes universitarios. Los participantes mostraron un bajo conocimiento sobre el VPH, sobre su transmisión, detección y medidas preventivas. Muchos no saben que afecta a hombres o su relación con el CCU. No creen que las revisiones sean importantes y sienten vergüenza de hablar del VPH o de que sepan que lo padecen. Los datos muestran la necesidad de complementar las campañas de vacunación con intervenciones informativas y de comunicación sexual entre jóvenes y padres, la necesidad de campañas para la concienciación sobre las revisiones y comprensión de la enfermedad que ayuden a su normalización.Palabras clave: Virus Papiloma Humano; salud pública; prevención de enfermedades; jóvenes; enfermedades de transmisión sexual.Abstract: Human Papillomavirus is related to various types of cancer such as cervical cancer, oropharyngeal, penis and anus. More than 4.000 women died per year because of cervical cancer in EEUU and over 2.000 in Spain despite vaccination and although these cancers are preventable through prevention and early detection. Therefore, knowledge and understanding of HPV are vital for its prevention and its normalization. This work evaluates young people’s knowledge about HPV, their attitude toward reviews, or discusses HPV. A transversal descriptive design was carried out with university students. Young people showed low knowledge about HPV, its transmission, detection and preventive steps. Many do not knowits affection to men or their relationship with cervical cancer. Young people do not think the check-ups are important and they feel embarrassed about talking about HPV or if others know they are affected by it. Data shows the need to complement vaccination campaigns with informative and sexual commu nication interventions among young people and parents, and the need of campaigns for the awareness of the check-ups and the understanding of the disease to help to its normalization.Keywords: Human Papillomavirus; Public health; Preventive healthcare; Health promotion; Young people; sexual transmitted diseases.

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Evidence that HPV vaccine may be effective in preventing cervical cancer

Weekly releases (1997–2007) ◽

10.2807/esw.08.48.02593-en ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 8 (48) ◽

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

North America ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Double Blind ◽

Highly Effective

Recently published results of a randomised, double-blind, multi-centre, placebo-controlled trial involving 1113 women from North America and Brazil indicate that a vaccine against the two most common human papillomavirus types causing cervical cancer, is highly effective

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Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Cervix

50 Studies Every Obstetrician-Gynecologist Should Know ◽

10.1093/med/9780190947088.003.0031 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 170-174

Author(s):

Jacqueline M. Mills ◽

Elizabeth A. Stier

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

At Risk ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Cervical Neoplasia ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Human Papillomavirus Infection ◽

Papillomavirus Infection ◽

Hpv Genotypes ◽

Prophylactic Hpv Vaccine

In 1992 Lorincz et al. were the first to evaluate the clinicopathologic correlation with 11 recently identified human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes: 31, 33, 35, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 56, and 58. Using cervical samples from 8 studies that included specimens from 2627 women, HPV genotypes were categorized by the likelihood of association with grades of cervical neoplasia (from normal to cancer). These findings were the basis of the determination that (a) HPV causes cervical cancer, (b) detection of the cancer associated HPV genotypes could identify women at risk for cervical pre-cancer and cancer, and (c) a prophylactic HPV vaccine should include protection against (at least) HPV 16 and 18.

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Knowledge about Cervical Cancer and Awareness of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV Vaccine among Female Students from Serbia

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56080406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (8) ◽

pp. 406

Author(s):

Nataša K. Rančić ◽

Milan B. Golubović ◽

Mirko V. Ilić ◽

Aleksanda S. Ignjatović ◽

Radomir M. Živadinović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Professional Education ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Medical Professional ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Cancer Knowledge ◽

The Media ◽

Promotion Campaigns

Background and objectives: Persistent infection with carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer. The study explored students’ knowledge about cervical cancer and awareness of human papillomavirus and the HPV vaccine. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was carried out among 1616 first-year female college students at the University of Niš. It examined socio-demographic characteristics, measured the score of knowledge about cervical cancer, assessed awareness regarding HPV and the HPV vaccine and inquired about the source of information about cervical cancer and HPV. Results: The average cervical cancer knowledge score was 16.35 ± 7.92 (min 0, max 30), with medical professional education, parents’ education level, place of residence and relationship status having significant effects on the score. The awareness about HPV and the HPV vaccine was low, with only 14.2% of students having heard about both HPV and its vaccine. The most commonly reported sources of information were the media, while the most competent one was organized health education. Conclusions: Health promotion campaigns and educational programs are necessary in order to reduce cervical cancer burden and should be directed particularly towards those who have demonstrated low cervical cancer knowledge and low awareness regarding HPV and its vaccine.

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